The Mule Skinner Blog: Gardening, Summer 2020, pt I - The calamity den(s)...and a few good hen

Flowers

"All the names I know from nurse:
Gardener's garters, Shepherd's purse,
Bachelor's buttons, Lady's smock,
And the Lady Hollyhock.

Fairy places, Fairy things,
Fairy woods where the wild bee wings,
Tiny trees for tiny dames.
- These must all be Fairy names !"

(from Child's Garden of Verses
by R.L. Stevenson)

"Anyone can write a short-story.
A bad one, I mean."
(R.L. Stevenson)
----------------

"Science without conscience is the Soul's perdition."
- Francois Rabelais, Pantagruel

- Acc to/above is citated from: Medical Apartheid. The dark history of Medical Experimentation on Black Americans from Colonial Times to the Present, by Harriet A. Washington (Doubleday ; 2006 ; p. 1.)

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"In the high society of the first half of the century, marriage, despite it's bestowal status upon the wife, was the most absurdity. Marriage, conferring instanteous rank or money, ... lost most of its prestige and moment right after the wedding. ...By the end of the century, spurred by Rousseau's moralistic Nouvelle Hèloíse, a contrary cult, that of virtue, arose. After 1770 conjugal and maternal love became not merely admissible, but, for some, moral imperatives. ...

[...]
...Rousseau, who sought for himself the crown of morality in ostensibly defending marriage, presents in his Nouvelle Hèloíse the most enticing and extended defense of illicit love ever penned. The root of the problem is that as the century progressed sensibility became confused with morality: passionate feeling, if expressed in a highly civilized mode with grace and nuance, makes us forgive the Rousseau of The Confessions, for example, his pettiness, his jealousies, his betrayals. This moral-amoral byplay, present already in the novels of Richardson, was to be more intense as the century unfolded."
- Madelyn Gutwirth : Madame De Staèl, Novelist. The emergence of the Artist as Woman (10,15.)

;
"...As the social contract seems tame in comparison with war, so fucking and sucking come to seem merely nice, and therefore unexciting. ... To be 'nice', as to be civilized, means being alienated from this savage experience - which is entirely staged. [...] The rituals of domination and enslavement being more and more practiced, the art that is more and more devoted to rendering their themes, are perhaps only a logical extension of an affluent society's tendency to turn every part of people's lives into a taste, a choice; to invite them to regard their very lives as a (life) style." - Susan Sontag , on 'Fascinating Fascism' (-74; p 103;104-5 at Under the sign of Saturn)
; "Anyone who cannot give an account to oneself of the past three thousand years remains in darkness, without experience, living from day to day." (Goethe) - as cited by Sontag (on same compile; p. 137.)

;
"It is widely accepted that we are now living in the 'Anthropocene', a new geological epoch in which the Earth's ecosystems and climate are being fundamentally altered by the activities of humans. I loathe the term, but I can't deny that it's appropriate."
; (Goulson), Silent Earth : Averting the Insect Apocalypse (2021; p 47.)
;
"It is sometimes said that humanity is at war with nature, but the word 'war' implies a two-way conflict. Our chemical onslaught on nature is more akin to genocide. It is small wonder that our wildlife is in decline."
; (Goulson, 2021 ; 118.)
;
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"If we believe absurdities, we shall commit atrocities." (Voltaire)

- Citated from; (Joy, Melanie), Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs and Wear Cows : An Introduction to Carnism(2010; p. 95.)
;

"In the presence of the monster, you have eyes and ears for nothing else."
; (Flora Tristan) : London Journal of Flora Tristan: the Aristocracy and the Working Class of England ; 1842-edit. (tr: 1982. ; p. 71.)

;
"Every minority invokes justice, and justice is liberty.
A party can be judged of only by the doctrine which
it professes when it is the strongest."
Mdme de Staêl
(on) 'Consideration sur le Révolution de la Francaise' [1818]

Mule Skinner Citations

”I see you´ve misunderstood me,” said the supervisor who was already at the door. ”It´s true that you´re under arrest, but that shoudn´t stop you from carrying out your job. And there shouldn´t be anything to stop you carrying on with your usual life.”
Kafka: Der Prozess

" Love is a severe critic. Hate can pardon more than love. They who aspire to love worthily, subject themselves to an ordeal more rigid than any other.
... Love must be as much a light as a flame.
[...]
Comparatively, we can excuse any offense against the heart, but not against the imagination.
...Love is the profoundest of secrets. Divulged, even to the beloved, it is no longer love. ..."
- (Thoreau) : Love [1852]

"Clearly, taking up office in this indigenous democracy required personality traits very different to those we take for granted in modern electoral politics. On this latter point, it is worth recalling that ancient Greek writers were well aware of the tendency for elections to throw up charismatic leaders with tyrannical pretensions. This is why they considered elections an aristocratic mode of political appointment, quite at odd with democratic principles; and why for much of European history the truly democractic way of filling offices was assumed to be by lottery." ; Graeber and Wengrow, 2021: The Dawn of Everything. A New History of Humanity ; p. 356.) [...I can't avoid for recalling, at this place, (that) Thoreau's opinion on elections - cited smwhr below at this - amusingly does resemble the same.]

"...But as we have seen, indigenous North American ideas... - certainly had the impact on European Enlightenment, ... No doubt it would be too much to suggest that the Enlightenment itself had its first stirrings in seventeenth-century North America. But it's possible, perhaps, to imagine some future non-Eurocentric history where such a suggestion would not be treated as almost by definition outrageous and absurd." ; "...we are generally taught to think of the French political philosopher Charles-Louis de Secondat, baron de Montesquieu as the first to build an explicit and systematic body of theory based on the principle of institutional reform with his book The Spirit of the Laws (1748). By doing so, it's widely believed, he effectively created modern politics. The Founding Fathers of the United States, ...attempted to create a constitution that would preserve the spirit of individual liberty, and spoke of the results as a 'government of laws and not of men'. As it turns out, precisely this sort of thinking was commonplace in North America well before European settlers appeared on the scene. ... The connections may well run deeper than we think." (Graeber and Wengrow) ; p. 437; 480-1.

"Gradually, the observer realises that these organisms are connected to each other, not linearly, but in a net-like, entangled fabric." ; [Alexander von Humboldt] - ...citation is via: Sheldrake's (2020): Entangled Life: How fungi make our Worlds, change our Minds and shape our Futures (; p. 165.)

"It is remarkable to sense the presence of those long passed at the locations where their adventures took place. Spirits range without boundaries of any sort, and spirits can be called back in any number of ways. The method used in the calling also determines how the spirit manifests itself. I think a spirit may or may not choose to remain at the site of its passing or death. I think they might be in a number of places at the same time. Storytelling can procure fleeting moments to experience who they were and how life felt long ago. What I enjoyed most as a child was standing at the site of the incident recounted in one of the ancient stories that old Aunt Susie had told us as girls. ... Because the storytellers did not just tell the stories, they would in their way act them out. The storyteller would imitate voices for vast dialogues between the various figures in the story. So we sometimes say the moment is alive again within us, within our imaginations and our memory, as we listen. ... The myth, the web of memories and ideas that create an identity, is a part of oneself. This sense of identity was intimately linked with the surrounding terrain, to the landscape that has often played a significant role in a story or in the outcome of a conflict." , "...And the description of what that landscape looked like before the uranium mining began will always carry a considerable impact." ; (Silko), 'Interior and Exterior Landscapes: The Pueblo Migration Stories' ; Orig. publ. at 1986. - Cite is via collected essays, Yellow Woman and a Beauty of the Spirit (1996; p. 42-3, 44.)

"An interesting aspect of these declines is that most of us have not noticed. The evidence suggests that insects, and also mammals, birds, fish, reptiles, and amphibians, are all now much less abundant than they were a few decades ago, but because the change is slow it is difficult to perceive. Among scientists it is now recognized that we suffer from 'shifting-baseline' syndrome, the phenomenom whereby we accept the world we grow up as in normal, although it might be quite different from the world our parents grew up in. ..." ; (Dave Goulson) - Silent Earth (2021; p. 68.)

"...In an age of lies and illusion, the garden is one way to ground yourself in the realm of the processes of growth and the passage of time, the rules of physics, meteorology, hydrology and biology, and the realms of the senses"

; "...['In 2017,'] Georg Feulner theoretized that the cold itself slowed or stopped the cycle of vegetation growth that was drawing down carbon from the air and freezing the earth. He ended by noting that we are reversing that process. Think of the Carboniferous as a sixty-million-year inhale by plants, sucking carbon dioxide from the sky, and the last two hundred years as a monstrous human-engineered exhale, undoing what the plants did so long ago. You could imagine coal miners shoveling the carbon out of the bowels of the earth directly into the upper atmosphere, but that would not be fair to them,... Miners supply it. Others burn it - and the oil and gas that are likewise the product of ancient plants, likewise sequestered carbon, likewise catastrophically changing the carbon dioxide levels of the earth. ... Perhaps if we were not burning so rapidly, in the span of a few hundred years, the result... ,it would not be so devastating, but we have outpaced the capacity of plants to recapture the carbon."

; "... It has been a war against the earth and atmosphere. But looking back at 1936, what is most striking is how long ago it was in ecological terms. ...
There had, of course, been many kinds of damage: the Tasmanian emu, the African bluebuck, the North Atlantic great auk, the mysterious starling of the South Pacific, and numerous other species in numerous other places had become extinct. The earth was far from pristine. Much of western Europe had been deforested long ago and many of its species hunted out; the Near East overgrazed before that; mining had already broken the landscape and polluted the air and water around the world. In the nineteenth century, the North American prairie had been chopped up into real estate and bisected by wood-burning and then coal-burning railroads for which wars against the Native tribes of the plains had been fought in part decimating the great bison herbs there; the Great Plains had become the Dust Bowl earlier in the 1930s, as agriculture created massive soil erosion and wind picked it up. Engels describes the black rivers of the industrial north, and unregulated pollution of air and water, with few exceptions, was the norm in the postwar era. Even so, it was far more intact and sustainable than the world we inhabit today. It looks like Eden from 2021." - (Rebecca) Solnit : Orwell's Roses (2021.; p.44,60,70-1.)
(...To all 'Orwellist readers', warmly appreciated. - In a very 'proper way' text mostly 'avoiding' overusing the italics and'paraphrasing'. ; Both smght, I now noticing all too much used here, :)

"In 2015, English Heritage, the governmental entity preserving and presenting Britain's historic landscape, published the anthology Slavery and the British Country House, whose introduction notes, 'It is only in the last 20 years that the relationship between landed wealth, British properties and enslaved African labour began to emerge.' ... One of its authors notes, 'Across Britain as a whole, the slave compensation data suggests that in the 1830s 5 to 10 percent of all British country houses would be expected to have been occupied by slave owners and that in some localities and even some regions the figure would be much higher.' ... "
;
" Orwell's father, ...was born in 1857, christened Richard Walmesley Blair, and raised mostly in Dorset in southern England. Richard Blair also... ...worked in opium production in India until his retirement in 1912, mostly as a subdeputy opium agent for the British government. Orwell was born in the small farming town of Motihari in the state of Bihar at the center of the north Indian opium industry. Not much is known about how his family lived during the time he, his mother, and his older sister resided with his father. A photograph of him as a disgruntled-looking but plump baby being held up by a dark-skinned woman swathed in white is a reminder that colonial posts were appealing to Britons of modest means partly because they offered a chance to lead a more luxurious, elite life, complete with cheap and abundant servants, than did the mother country. Richard Blair oversaw the farming of poppies and production of the drug in a process that impoverished, coerced and sometimes brutally punished the Indian peasant doing the growing and refining. ... 'Englands national flower is the Tudor rose. But the prickly is that the English owe much of their wealth to another blood-red flower; the poppy', a contemporary writer [Garry Littman] notes. ... " ; (Solnit) - p.163, 167.
; 'Supposin that source [on above, Littman] discussin' also the EITC on whose emergence I sometimes read some bits. ; ...Matter fact, priorly never felt any needs for reads on Orwell's backgrounds. - But of course, that gives furthermore some ideas WHY (was) his not a little mystified public image, so soon emerged in during the 1970s, -80s. (...bit similarly or w. resemblance by intent to it's popularisation, than were the UFO's's and a Roswell-myth, at 1950s.)

"The fungicide chlororathalonil has been in use since 1964, and is one of the most widely used pesticides in the world. Until 2018 it was the single most-used pesticide in the UK, and it is very commonly found in honey samples. Its harmful effects on bees were not picked up during its initial registration, and seem to have escaped notice for more than fifty years. In 2019 this chemical was banned by the EU, primarily, over concerns that it was contaminating groundwater - and hence getting into rivers and drinking water - rather than anything to do with bees. As with neonicotinoids, the rest of the world continues to use it without restriction. One has to wonder how many other chemicals of the hundreds that are currently in use will eventually turn out to be harmful to something, be it bees, humans or great crested newts. ... How can we have any faith in a system that has misled us so many times in the past ?" ; (Goulson; 113.)

; A 'Vision' [, World in the 2080's] : "In the same year, a group of German entomologists, ...published a data showing that insects on German nature reserves had declined in biomass (weight of insects) caught in traps by 76 per cent over a twenty-six year period to 2016. The authors of this study warned that, if insects were to continue to decline then ecosystems would begin to unravel, for insects perform a myriad of important roles. ... Why did we fail to act? ... ...most scientists warned against it [but], some tried to fix our ailing climate with geoengineering, by clouding the atmosphere with chemicals intended to reflect the sunlight and seed cloud formation. It turned out that the climate was far too complex to control in this way...making the weather even more unpredictable. ...My father told me that, back in the '20s, scientists even tried to replace the disappearing bees with little flying robots to pollinate crops, but they were expensive and clumsy compared to the real thing, and eventually abandoned. They also tried to genetically engineer honeybees to make them resistant to pesticides, but an unanticipated side-effect was that these 'super bees' proved to be less resistant to disease: they did not last long. [...] The natural enemies of the insect pests, predatory insects such as ladybirds, hoverflies, lacewings and carabid beetles, had long since been exterminated in the farmed landscape. ... [...] Countries put their own interests before those of humankind or those of our shared planet. ...Some said that we had moved into a post-truth world, whatever that meant; the word became so popular that in 2016 the Oxford English Dictionary made it 'word of the year'. ... [...]

...There are no pesticides and chemical fertilizers any more, no factories belching out fumes. This year I was able to show my grand-daughter her first peacock-butterfly - it had been several years since I had seen any butterfly. The tigers, rhinos, pandas, gorillas and elephants are all long gone, now nothing more than mythical beasts, storybook creatures that she will never see, but perhaps, in time, she will live to see the bees return ?" - Goulson: Silent Earth ( 2021; p.217, 218-9, 220, 222, 225.)

"...approach to rejigging the subsidy system [...currently, in uses at agricultures,] that should be considered by governments everywhere should be to introduce pesticide and fertilizer taxes. Both pesticides and fertilizers pollute and damage the environment, and it seems reasonable that the farmer using them should pay for this. ... Norway and Denmark have introduced pesticide taxes, levied at the point of sale of pesticides to farmers, and these have successfully reduced pesticide use. The Danish system is based on applying higher taxes to the more toxic and persistent chemicals, which seems eminently reasonable." ; "Governments could also consider more taxes on particularly unhealthy foodstuffs, like the existing 'sugar tax' currently levied on soft drinks in the UK. One could reasonable propose extending this to cover any highly processed food of little nutritional value, although that might end up including most of the food on sale in your local supermarket." (Goulson; p. 273, 275)

"Along with aerial mobility comes coexistence with ambient winds. ..."
; Biomechanics of Insect Flight (Dudley; 2002)

"Plastic only came into mass consumer use in the 1950s, but in the Pacific Garbage Patch it is already thought to be more common than plankton." ;
"... Since the China ban [ie, means post 2017-], America's plastic waste has become a global hot potato, ping-ponging from country to country.", ; from the Guardian-article , 'Where does your plastic go ? Global investigation... ' [viewed: 08.10.21]

“...As the preceding MIS 6 [MIS = Marine Isotope Stages] glacial ended, temperatures rose rapidly, peaking around 123 ka as the sub-stage MIS 5e, known as the Eemian [Italics added.]. This remains – so far - the warmest period hominins experienced across Eurasia. It lasted roughly 10,000 years, short on geological scales but equivalent to some 500 generations.
So what was this balmy world like ? At least early on,...Earth's position to sun was slightly different... average temperatures 2 to 4 C higher, with palpable effects. ...Most dramatically, melting polar caps and glaciers sent sea level rise up some 8m (25ft).

As it got hotter and hotter, beaches crept higher and a kaleidoscope of tree species replaced each other. Pollen records show that birch and pine gave way to oak-rich woodland, speckled by elm, hazel, yew and linden, eventually maturing into dense hornbeam forest. These lasted until the arrival of spruce, fir and pine, heralding the start of the succeeding MIS 5d cooler stadial....”,
“As resolution in palaeo-climate and environmental research has increased, it's been discovered that even the Eemian contained brief but drastic climate change. The warmest temperatures and highest sea levels existed for just 4 millenia between 126 and 122 until gradual cooling began, but this was calm before the storm. What came next is known as the Late Eemian Aridity Pulse (LEAP) [italics added] and was a time of crisis. ... Drastic loss of vegetation led to huge soil erosion and massive dust storms [italics added] tore through the air. Other sources record this immense climate shock. ... : it was so dry, bushfires were igniting.”

; “Visions of Neanderthals struggling through deep snow, breath puffing in frozen air, have been remarkably persistent since their discovery. Yet our ice age blinkers have concealed their innate adaptability [italics added]. Polar desert was never their true home, ...Mostly they...appear to have been most successful in more temperate climes, ...
Even cold-adapted animals such as woolly mammoths were ecologically malleable, originating during the MIS 6 glacial but found later alongside warm-loving straight-tusked forest elephants. It's our own pigeon-holing tendencies that limit Neanderthals to glacial worlds, when the reality is far more diverse. ...” ; (Sykes, Rebecca Wragg) : Kindred. Neanderthal Life, Love, Death and Art. (2020 ; p. 85-6,89; 95)

"...'Perhaps you imagine that they freed their slaves in the same that in Christian countries freed their serfs, by allowing them to settle on the land ? Oh no! The Jamaican negroes are less wretched than the English factory worker or the Irish peasant because the fruits of their labour are more valuable, but they are not more free ; they have been turned into proletarians on the English model; they are forbidden to own land; they are forced to pay an exorbitant rent for the cabins they live in; they contribute to the upkeep of the roads by forced labour and taxes. White officials punish them for stealing banana in the same way that the English Justices of Peace punish men for stealing a handful of potatoes - with the lash. ... The abolition of arbitrary punishment has unquestionably improved the slave's lot; but this improvement which will bring about an increase in the population, is calculated to serve the interests of the landed proprietors as well.' 'I see that this form of emancipation is one of those acts of apparent generosity which turn out entirely to the advantage of their authors - but do not forget that the government devoted the sum of twenty million pounds to this measure.'
'The Government ministers who advocated this form of emancipation were assured of the support of English commercial interests because the colonial landowners were indebted to London financiers to the tune of two-thirds of the value of their properties and the only way they could afford to free their slaves was if the government paid them compensation. A much more economical - and beneficial - system was suggested whereby the slaves would be freed gradually, and their freedom paid for with the labour of those waiting to be freed; this would also have ensured that the emancipated slaves received moral instruction and a period apprenticeship. But the Government could never have got this system accepted, because only by liberating all the slaves simultaneously and paying compensation could it guarantee that the English creditors would recover their money.'
"So the great act of humanity that the English have boasted about for thirty years was nothing but a carefully calculated financial transaction - and for the thirty years the whole of Europe has been deceived ! The fraudulence of the honourable members of the English Parliament has persuaded us to put our trust in the philanthropy and altruism of a pack of traders ! ... "

; "In France, and any country which prides itself on being civilised, the most honoured of living creatures is woman. In England, it is the horse; in these fortunate islands, the horse is king, and takes precedence not only over woman, but over man as well.
... Here I expect to find myself in opposition to an accepted opinion, but... I must say that I find the English horse supremely unattractive. The horse is indisputably the one of the finest animals in creation, but domesticity has as good as destroyed the beauty of its live, and it is the English more than any other people who are responsible for interfering with its natural grace. Take note, gentlemen I speak as an artist, ... Nobody who sees these English racehorses with their long, thin, narrow bodies, their lean flanks, their disproportionately long legs, their outstretched necks and thrusting heads, sniffing the air like great hunting dogs; nobody who sees their habitual sad, dull, stupid expressions, however rudimentary his instinct for harmony and line, can refrain from saying, 'This is downright ugly animal!' "

;
"Fifty years ago the people of France were burning down the cháteaux, and twenty times over the armed might of Europe was powerless to prevent the triumph of their cause. Oh, lords! Repent, fear the vengeance of the people, appease their wrath, and be mindful of the saying, as old as the world; 'Vox populi, Vox Dei!'
; - Flora Tristan: The London Journal.The aristocracy and the Working Class of England [1842] - from 1982-transl (Hawkes), p. 160, 161.; 178, 183.; 304.
; ...I should suppose that opinions/view Tristan brought aforth in an above quoted 'discussion' (on slavery's ending, the 'mercyful' traders...), were rather well known amongst keen observers and followers by the time, 1840s. As well, noticeably she puts in that 'conversation' - 'w. the friend', on whom she offers no other specifications - also how the English commercial 'ventures'/trade were already directing the foreign (colonial) production 'shifted' on to it's Indian possessions. And, how consequently then, the West Indian manufacture already was at it's decline. (In expl.; Tristan also cites quite lenghty at her notes, the 'Marshal Pillet' - by 1815-writing 'bout [how, 'Europe'], "...will, a few years hence, be able to obtain all the sugar and coffee she needs at prices much lower than any the West Indies can offer." [as] "In India they cost little more to produce than do most common garden vegetables, because the cost of labour is nothing, ...even less compared with the costs in the West Indies,..." etc.)
; As well, she (fx, also) cites Pillet's remarks that the loss from England's American colonies having influenced the described.

...While not going very far in it's (by then) precedent histories, the 'discussion' of course, still bears some interest. ; Cons for, fx, how those World trade 'mechanisms', originated at the colonial era. And how, by today are known to still play a part, ao, in the increase from present ecologic havoc. And also of historically, even while (that) lacks some for the specifics to it's pre-1800ian colonial 'background'. ..but already well lots on here, at this place.

"The scramble for Africa, and the most active period of colonization, lasted less than a century. These events, which involved the greater part of the African continent, occurred between the late nineteenth and the mid-twentieth centuries. Although in African history the colonial experience represents but a brief moment from the perspective of today, this moment is still charged and controversial, ... One might think that this new historical form has meant, from its origins, the negation of two contradictory myths; namely, the 'Hobbesian picture of a pre-European Africa, in which there was no account of Time; no Arts; no Letters; no Society; and which is worst of all, continued fear, and danger of violent death' ; and 'the Rousseauian picture of an African golden age of perfect liberty, equality and fraternity' (Hodgkin, 1957; 174-5.)
Although generalizations are of course dangerous, colonialism and colonization basically mean organization, arrangement. ..." ;
"... The outcome of these policies was the process of underdevelopment initiated everywhere colonialism occurred. First, the capitalist world system is such that parts of the system always develop at the expence of the other parts, either by trade or by the transfer of surpluses. Second, the underdevelopment of dependencies is not only an absence of development, but also and organizational structure created under colonialism by bringing non-Western territory into the capitalist world. Third, despite their economic potential, dependencies lack the structural capacity for autonomy and sustained growth, since their economic fate is largely determined by the developed countries. ...." (Mudimbe) ; The Invention of Africa Gnosis, philosophy, and the Order of Knowledge. ('African systems of thought' - Brit. Lib. Catlog. Publication Data.), (1988; p. 1, 3.)

"As the consequence of what he had seen and analysed early in his expedition, Humboldt was able to argue, in his Geography of Plants, that cutting down forests causes climate change. His delineation of the consequences of deforestation... and the damage caused by Europe's exploitation of its tropical colonies... can be considered important early steps in the field of environmental science."
; (Rebok; 2014) - Humboldt and Jefferson.
A Transatlantic Friendship of the Enlightenment

"The belief in life after death and the desire for earthly happiness are not irreconcilable, but they pull in opposite directions." (Orwell) ; (on) 'The Christian Reformers' (1946)

"In summary, therefore, taking into account all of the above, the situation seems to be that the Denisovan signal remains at a constant and fairly low level throughout present-day indigenous populations so far sequenced in both North and South America. The Australasian signal, by contrast, is definitely and notably much stronger among populations in the Amazon, such as the Surui, and much weaker among other Native Americans such as ... While never reaching the high levels found among Amazonian populations, the signal among Aleutian Islanders and Athabascans is relatively stronger than in other Native North American groups and relatively stronger in Aleutian Islanders than it is in Athabascans - ..."
; "...the most peculiar character of the signal, so clearly present in South America yet 'somehow leaping over all North America in a single bound.'
For the purposes of my own quest, however, that anomalous, unexplained signal had the effect of opening up a new and fruitful avenue of inquiry. With the archetypically North American Clovis culture now known to have South American genetic roots, it was becoming increasingly obvious that to explore the mysteries of one half of the megacontinent I could not be oblivious to what had happened in the other half."
; "... Our entire understanding of this vast region is being transformed by new discoveries and, indeed, as we've seen, the notion of complex societies in the pre-Columbian Amazon is no longer anathema to archaeologists, some of whom now even dare to describe these societies as 'civilizations.'" (Hancock; 2019) : America Before : The Key to Earth's Lost Civilization (; p. 128 ; 133 ; 212.)

; "In summary, therefore, just 3 years of research between 2009 and 2012 witnessed a profound change in archaeological understanding of the geoglyphs of the southwestern Amazon. Previously they'd been thought to be just 750 years old; now, without any real attention being drawn to implications, they'd become 2,000 years old. To put this in context, an error and subsequent correction on a similar scale would certainly attract a great deal of attention if it concerned Western architecture - indeed it would be like discovering that the great gothic cathedrals of Europe such as Chartres and York Minster were not, in fact, works of the late medieval period but had actually been built by the Romans. What are we to conclude concerning mistakes of such magnitude, and ... similarly at Serpent Mound in Ohio, where in 2018 a date of around AD 1000 was still being touted in official notices despite firm C-14 evidence, on the public record since 2014, that the structure is more than 1,000 years older than that? ... In particular, I am not persuaded by the new consensus that the geoglyphs of the southwestern Amazon are 2,000 years old. Other C-14 dates mentioned in the 2012 report already hint at a more complicated picture." ; (Hancock; p. 194.)

"In the traditions of 'Western' science and politics - the tradition of racist, male-dominant capitalism; the tradition of progress; the tradition of the appropriation of nature as resource for the productions of culture; the tradition of the reproduction of the self from the reflections of the other - the relation between organism and machine has been a border war. ... ", "...The cyborg skips the step of original unity, of identification with nature in the Western sense. This is it's illegitimate promise that might lead to subversion of its teleology as star wars. ...Nature and culture are reworked; the one can no longer be the resource for appropriation or incorporation by the other. ... The cyborg would not recognize the Garden of Eden; it is not made of mud and cannot dream of returning to dust. ...The cyborgs are not reverent; they do not re-member the cosmos. ...The main trouble with cyborgs, of course, is that they are the illegitimate offspring of militarism and patriarchal capitalism, not to mention state socialism. But illegitimate offpsring are often exceedingly unfaithful to their origins. Their fathers, after all, are inessential." ; (Haraway, Donna) : 'A cyborg manifesto', on Simians, Cyborgs, and Women The Reinvention of Nature (1991 ; p. 150, 151.) ; (an earlier version of the text is said originate for y.1983.)

"Meat and dairy products from industrial farms have especially large water footprints due to the water-intensive feed required to raise the animals. The amount of water used in producing a kilo of beef would keep a person in daily baths for three months. A kilo of chicken takes twenty-four bathtubs of water.
Feeding animals on grass can hugely reduce the toll on rivers and underground water surfaces. Rearing them on factory farms where they are fed grain is over fifty times more water-intensive. ..."
;
"...The Turner's make much of their credentials for feeding their cattle only grass, so I ... asked if they ever fed cows concentrates like corn, soya or other grains.
'Never,' they said in unison.
'Not a single grain?'
'Never,' they insisted. 'Its not a natural diet for the animal and they're not particularly efficient at converting it to meat. It can cause stress and pressure on the animal, taking them beyond their natural capacity to cope, which has impact on their welfare. The quality of the meat and milk too is far better when they're not on concentrates.'
[...]
They decided to set up their own 'Pasture for Life' label to distinguish...from...much looser understanding for terms such as grass-fed: ... Fed primarily on grass from the field is a step in the right direction, of course, but not the same as solely on grass. Studies have shown that even small amounts of grain fed to an animal at the end of her life can have a big negative impact on the quality of the eventual food."
(Lymbery, Philip) : Dead Zone: Where the Wild Things Were (2017); of chpts 14; 15 ('Homo Sapiens'; 'Living Landscapes' - in the first 'section' from, italics was added by us.)

" ('They Die Piece by Piece') ; In 2001, the Washington Post printed an article... how, though cattle were supposed to be dead before reaching the cutting room, this was often not the reality. ... slaughterhouse worker who'd spent twenty years as a 'second legger' - cutting hocks of carcasses sped past at the rate of 309 per hour - described the process to Warrick: 'They blink. They make noises, he said softly. 'The head moves, the eyes are wide and looking around.' ... On bad days, he says, dozens of animals reached the station clearly alive and conscious. Some would survive as far as the tail cutter, the belly ripper, the hide puller. 'They die,' said Moreno, 'piece by piece.' "
;

"(Wittnessing the Zeitgeist) Despite the extensive reach of carnivism, there is reason to believe that the system will destabilize, and the timing is ripe to push for transformation. There are several reasons that challenging carnism is timely: increased awareness of the environmental crisis, a growing concern with animal welfare, the increasing credibility and popularity of vegetarinism, and the unequaled availability of information on both carnism and vegetarinism. Widescale meat production is a leading cause of environmental destruction. Methane gasses emitted from thousands of pounds of manure deplete the ozone layer. Toxic runoff from tons of chemicals used on the animals - synthetic hormones, antibiotics, pesticides and fungicides - pollute the air and waterways. Thousands of acres of woodlands are clear-cut to allow for the planting of food crops, leading to topsoil erosion and deforestation. More fresh water is usurped from reservoir than can be replenished. And chemical fertilizers seep into rivers and streams, enabling the proliferation of microorganisms that destroy aquatic life. Leading scientists agree that the system of mass meat production cannot continue without causing a breakdown of the ecosystem. ...",
[...]
" A final reason that the timing is ripe to challenge carnism is that the primary defense of the system, invisibility, has been weakening. It is becoming increasingly difficult for carnistic industries to hide their secrets from the public; the animal agribusinesses that depend on controlling information to sustain the myths of meat are now challenged by a ubiquituous, unregulated information source: the internet. Carnism is like the Wizard of Oz: once the curtain is pulled back from the system, its power virtually disappears." ; (Joy; 2010) - Why We Love Dogs, Eat Pigs and Wear Cows : An Introduction to Carnism (; p. 52-53; 144-6.)

"...In a truly symbolic gesture that television cameras often capture during the inauguration of a new president, the aide carrying a football visibly shifts his gaze from the departing president to the new one at the moment of his swearing in. That shift signifies not only that the new president has acquired the full authority of his office but also that the existence of a civilian commander in chief of the nuclear forces of the United States - with, supposedly, exclusive control of these almost godlike powers of destruction - must not be and has not been interrupted for a single moment.

Now I was hearing this impression and all the official statements that led to it were false. ... "
,
"It seemed obvious once I thought about it. The public's impression of exclusively presidential or even high-level military control, which I'd shared up until that moment, could not be valid. That applied all the more to the notion that only the president himself could 'push the button.' Could a single assassin's bullet, or temporary separation of the 'football'... (as has for several times, including, ...the shooting of President Reagan) open a window of total inability to respond to a nuclear attack?
Not really. The theoretical device... with its supposedly unique authorization codes, has always been exactly that theater - essentially a hoax. Whatever the public declarations to the contrary, there has to be delegation of authority and capability to launch retaliatory strikes, not only to officials outside the Oval Office but outside Washington too, or there would be no real basis for nuclear deterrence."
;
"I thought I was discovering a parochial bias in the Pacific Command that should be brought to the attention of planners and decision makers at the national level. I was wrong. It was very next year that I learned, in the Pentagon, that President Eisenhower and the Joint Chiefs of Staff shared the admiral's views entirely. ...
[...]
Out of a list of tens of thousands of targets throughout the Sino-Soviet bloc that intelligence had identified as important, the Pentagon ordered lower levels to make plans to hit around a thousand of the most valuable of these in the case of general war with the Communistic bloc. ...
... - the planners were doing extermely intricate calculations, mostly by hand, to devise routes into the target timed so that the planes wouldn't be blown out of the air by nearby explosions. (In this era, nuclear warheads were to be delivered primarily by planes. When, decades later, delivery systems mostly switched over to missiles, planners discovered the same problem: the blast from one missile would knock other missiles of course or destroy them.) They were dealing with thousands of targets with multiple weapons on most of them, so they had plans for the planes to weave through a virtual minefield of detonations, timing it perfectly to miss an explosion on this side of the plane, and then one on the other, on and on.
[...]
How did the planners deal with the fact that you wouldn't even know which way the wind would be blowing on the various paths to the targets at the actual time of the Execute order? ...

I pointed these two problems to a planner once. 'Yes. I've thought of these problems before,' he said.
'Well, doesn't that make you question the value of making all these calculations and plans?'
'These men are risking their lives flying out there. We've got to do what we can to save their lives.'
'But it doesn't seem that this plan has any chance to save any lives at all. It would save lives only if the execution followed the plan down to the second, and there's not even the remotest possibility of that happening.'
'Well, we're ordered to make these calculations, so that's what we'll do.' " [... ; For a side-mention: acc the graph Ellsmere provides on his book's Introduction, the number total deaths from direct after or within six Months, in the imagined nuclear war against Soviet Union and China, solely in those countries, was at that time estimated to raise, ca, from 275 to 325 Million victims. ; p. 2-3.]
,
"...Few people had access to more than a couple of levels of nuclear planning , and those who did didn't take the time to review far lower level plans or to observe actual implementation provisions in the field. They left these tasks to lower-level commanders (who generally didn't have access to the higher-level plans.)
But... As I came to see the highest-level planning in the Pentagon - not available at PACOM [ie; 'Pacific Command'] and not supposed to be seen by civilian offials - the president and CINCSAC ['Commander in Chief, Strategic Air Command'] were no more inclined than the Pacific Command to contemplate a war with Russia alone that spared the Chinese."
"(Ellsberg) : The Doomsday Machine. Confessions of a Nuclear War Planner (2017; p. 68,69 ; 85-6, 87, 89 - the italics, by Ellsberg.)

"In 1961 there were about seventeen hundred SAC [Strategic Air Command] bombers, including over six hundred B-52s and a thousand B-47s. In the bomb bays of the SAC planes were thousands thermonuclear bombs much larger than those I had seen in Okinawa. Many were from five to twenty-five megatons in yield. Each twenty-five-megaton bomb - with 1,250 times the yield of the fission bomb that destroyed Nagasaki - was the equivalent of twenty-five million tons of TNT, or over twelve times the total bomb tonnage we dropped in World War II. Within the arsenal there were some five hundred bombs with an explosive power of twenty-five megatons. Each of these warheads had more firepower than all the bombs and shells exploded in all the wars of human history.
[...]
...There were at least one warhead allocated for every city of 25,000 people or more in the Soviet Union. ...
In 1960-61 it was in reality quite possible - though USAF and CIA 'missile gap' estimates implied otherwise - that not a single nuclear warhead would land on U.S. territory after such an American first strike. Worldwide fallout from our own strikes would certainly kill Americans, but over so long a time, with radioactivity decaying in the atmosphere on the way over and deaths from cancer long-delayed, that the increase in mortality in any one year might not be statistically perceptible. But our Western European allies in NATO would be quickly annihilated twice over: first from the mobile Soviet medium-range missiles and tactical bombers targeted on them, which our first strike couldn't find and destroy reliably, and second from the close-in fallout from our own nuclear strikes on Soviet bloc territory." ; (Ellsberg 2017: p. 98, 99. The italics - again, Ellsberg's.)
;

"The radars of the Arctic Distant Early Warning Line (DEW Line) had more than once, I soon learned, been fooled by a flock of high-flying geese into warning that Soviet bomber planes were coming toward us over the North Pole. In the pre-ICBM era that still allowed hours in which to discover the error, and meanwhile to get our planes on alert off the ground. But just a year after I joined RAND, the higher-tech radar and computer system Ballistic Missile Early Warning System (BMEWS), designed to detect incoming ICBMs, in its first week of operation reported that a missile attack was under way. That called for decisions in under fifteen minutes." (; p. 43.)
;

"The body of U.N.Resolution 36/100 declares: 'States and statesmen that resort first to nuclear weapons will be committed the gravest crime against humanity. There will never be any justification or pardon for statesmen who take the decision to be first to use nuclear weapons.' Eighty-two nations voted in favor of this declaration. Forty-one, under heavy pressure from the United States, abstained; nineteen opposed it, including the United States, Israel and most NATO member nations." (; 325)

- ..It being, very difficult, to think of a more important book than Ellsberg's ('The Doomsday Machine') - From the view of the needs for complete (or even from 'partial') nuclear disarmament, of globally, from to finally take place. Most from the tellings are actually so urgent that one does not suspect the book wouldn't been read, widely and w. keen learnings from. ; And (these) few selections (on here, above/following), only offer some 'tips from the iceberg', all in all. - Indeed, no other question at the 'humanity's 'failings' would've to represent itself as so urgent for being solved. Or even for to be 'of minimized'. (Even as an expression, that too, plainly does sound from...horrifying.) ; Indeed - such as Snowden does write on books back cover, this history: '...reaches deep into the safe to reveal the United States government's mad plan for "a hundred holocausts. ...is an urgent warning and a call to arms to a public... habituated to the idea that the means of our extinction will forever be on hair-trigger alert." ; Read it through.

"...It should be commonly recognized that no stake whatever, no cause, no principle, no consideration of honor or obligation or prestige or maintaining leadership in current alliances - still less ...can justify maintaining any risk whatever of causing the near extinction of human and other animal life on this planet.

Omnicide - threatened, prepared, or carried out - is flatly illegitimate, unacceptable, as an instrument of national policy; Indeed, it cannot be regarded as anything less than criminal, immoral, evil. In the light of recent scientific findings, of which the publics of the world and even their leaders are still almost entirely unaware, that risk is implicit in the nuclear planning, posture, readiness, and threats of the two superpowers. That is intolerable. It must be changed, and that change can't come too soon.

The steps I have indicatd are only a beginning toward the ultimate delegitimation of nuclear weapons and nuclear threats. ..." (p. 347. ; the Italics - again Ellsberg's)

"Citizenship was explicitly juridically marked for 'whites only' through a litany of governmental actions from Fugitive Slace Act to the Chinese Exclusion Act. Each of these domestic moves signaled a desire to build an American nation in which only whites were citizens and national expansion, protectionism, and indigenous industry were federal priorities. ... Overtly and inferentially racist claims in public culture shaped the nation's understandings of who ought to be protected by intellectual property law and who ought to have access to the American Dream, which in turn shaped copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
[...]
I am less interested in demarcating specific changes in the period from the late 1700s to the mid 1800s with respect to race, citizenship and intellectual property law than I am establishing that despite the considerable racial democratization of creatorship that occurred from the 1830s onward, the 'inner energy,' ... of intellectual property law and political economy remained white and continuously racially exclusionary. ...Copyright discourse treated creativity as a raced endeavor through the continual invocation and bounding of the concept of imagination. Patent discourse treated innovation in the same way through its raced conceptions of human progress. And trademark discourse, which increased rapidly as the nation's industrial economy grew, supported intellectual property law as racial project by protecting racist images as product identifiers."
;
"More specifically, the concept of true imagination operated as a vehicle for making raced judgements about the nature of creativity. Even when authors of color won their copyright cases, they were doing so through a doctrinal lens implicated by citizenship that prefigured them as lacking creative capacity. ...
Copyright's protectionist tendencies can be read as moves to police belonging, particularly through xenophobic attachment to whiteness. ...",
"... As Rayvon Fouché and Sharra Vestral argue, '[E]ven into the mid-twentieth century, racial segregationists and women's rights opponents used the paucity of patents by women and people of color as evidence of their inability to think creatively and contribute to the evolving technological nation.' This catch-22 severely and cruelly constrained the manner in which people of color could push for equal rights in the area of intellectual property ...
... Patents are certainly artifacts of technological society. They are also - as Fouché and Vostral, among others - demonstrate artifacts of a racialized society. Brian Frye's recent essay 'Invention of a Slave' notes how decisions to patent or not to patent the inventions of enslaved persons implicated larger conversations about slavery, abolition and territoriality in the nation. For instance, protecting the inventions of enslaved persons could be read as an endorsement of abolition, upsetting the balance between slave states and free states in the young nation." ; (Anjali Vats) : The Color of Creatorship. Intellectual Property, Race, and the Making of Americans (2020 ; p. 28-9; 31, 33.)

"From the 1960s on, creatorship evolved into an increasingly important imagined engine for national growth, one that also stoked the fires of economic protectionism, xenophobic nationalism, military adventurism, and neocolonial extraction. Copyright, trademark, and patent law evolved not in the spirit of radical equality espoused by the civil rights movement but from a perpetrator perspective, which protected white property interests in knowledge while disciplining people of color for their creatorship."
; "...With the expansion of GATT and the eventual creation of the WTO, ... A general lack of reflectiveness - or perhaps lack of interest - with respect to intellectual property's effects on systemic racial inequality combined with discourses about Black criminality, obscenity, originality, expertise, citizenship, and national identity in ways that entrenched white supremacist regime of knowledge ownership.
The year 1966 marked an important turn in intellectual property's commitments to racial liberalism. That year, Jack Valenti, former aide to president Lyndon Johnson, became president of the Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA). Valenti's tenure was notable not only because it brought politics and the film industry together but also because it heralded the beginning of important policy and rhetorical changes in regulating intellectual properties, many of which were deeply racialized and sentimentalized in the service of economic nationalism.
The beginning of Valenti's tenure coincided with a number of evolutions in political economy and intellectual property rights. ...While nationalistic xenophobia persisted, the once protectionist impulses of those protecting intellectual property law evolved into a desire to profit from the export of domestic products, through intellectual property maximalism. ..."
; "...Claims that America had entered an era of colorblindness did not halt the racialization or (neo)colonization of knowledge production."
(Vats) : p. 68; 69-70; 71.

"Finally, the silencing of the Haitian Revolution also fit the relegation to an historical backburner of the three themes to which it was linked: racism,slavery, and colonialism. ..." ; "This corpus has taught generations of readers that the period from 1776 to 1843 should properly be called 'The Age of Revolutions.' ...
In the United States, for example, with the notable exceptions of Henry Adams and W.E.B. Du Bois, few major writers conceded any significance to the Haitian Revolution in their historical writings up to the 1970s. ... Likewise, historians of Poland have paid little attention to the five thousand Poles involved in the Saint-Domingue campaigns. The silence also persists in England in spite of the fact that British lost upward of sixty thousand men in eight years in an anti-French Caribbean campaign... The Haitian Revolution appears obliquely as part of medical history. The victor is disease, not the Haitians. The Penguin Dictionary of Modern History, a mass circulation pocket encyclopedia that covers the period from 1789 to 1945, has neither Saint-Domingue nor Haiti in its entries. Likewise, historian Eric Hobsbawm, one of the best analysts of this era, managed to write a book entitled The Age of Revolutions, 1789-1843, in which the Haitian Revolution scarcely appears. [...]"
; (Trouillot, Michel Rolph); 'An Unthinkable History. The Haitian Revolution as a Non-Event' - on Haitian History. New Perspectives. (2013; p. 46, 47)

"The reality, however, is more complex. For while drones make it easier to kill some bad guys, they also make it easier to go to war.
[...]
So Congress was able to keep allocating money for war, year after year, against the wishes of the majority.
...The public is barely even aware of these conflicts. It's like a low-grade fever that the body politic has learned to live with and basically ignores."
(Medea Benjamin) ; on Drone Warfare. Killing by Remote Control (2013; p. 150-2.)

"...Even the most rudimentary perusal of a handful of contemporary articles and books that mention nineteenth-century Haitian historical writing will reveal uncritical references (without any sense of irony and even tinged with just a hint of self-righteousness) to 'noirist' and 'mulattoist' or 'mulatrist' ideologies, the "mulatto" and "black" versions or 'legends' of history, and pithy references to the biased scholarship of a 'Haitian elite' or 'light-skinned intellectuals.' ...
Is there a reason why we should preface a gloss of Ardouin's works by clarifying that he was a 'mulatto historian,' if we do not also feel it necessary to first note that Jules Michelet was a "white" one? ..." ;
"... The argument that "mulatto" writers associated with Pétion developed the narrative that free people of color were the first authors of the insurrection in Saint-Domingue, for example, is simply not borne out by the evidence. ..., such claims were made as early as the start of the insurrection by nearly all of the French colonists, who, according to Raimond, used this narrative to distract from the real cause of slave rebellions, which was the rampant abuses the slaves had suffered under the colonial yoke. ...", "...The narrative of "mulatto/a" vengeance is a vocabulary, a kind of 'implicit racial grammar' (Stoler, 1995, 12 [ie, this refers/source is: Race and the education of Desire: Foucault's History of Sexuality and the Colonial order of Things]), which underwrites nearly all writing about the Haitian Revolution. ..." ; (Daut, Marlene L.) : Tropics of Haiti. Race and the Literary History of the Haitian Revolution in the Atlantic World, 1789-1865. (2015) ; p. 24-5 ; 27, 29. (Italics at the quoted passages, Daut's.)

"Thinking about the epistemic uncertainty and genocidal imaginings that the life of Louverture evoked in the course of the revolution in Saint-Domingue, per Dubroca, Rigaud, and Edwards, allows Girard to present him in much more cerebral rather than evocative terms of "racial hybridity" as well. Girard writes, 'the inscrutable , towering Louverture was a hard man to befriend; his peculiar position at the juncture of African, Creole, and European influences further isolated him, leaving him a white man in a black man's skin, feared but not loved, alone and lonely' (2011, 25). It is Buscaglia-Salgado, however, who connects interpretations of Louverture's life more directly to the language of "racial hybridity." Buscaglia-Salgado makes the tragedy of Louverture a potent symbol for a vocabulary of "racial mixing":

He owed his authority both to his African father and to this European master ... [...] conciliator and translator, liberator and enforcer, father, brother, and son. Could anyone but the mulatto, in all his subjective disposition to metaphoricity, wear so many disguises? (206-07 [,of a 2003-book.])

The 'mulatto' as a pervasive icon of 'social camouflage' and 'agent provocateur of social instability' (Buscaglia-Salgado, 183, 184), ...suggest across great divide of time, ...examples of the anxiousness of revolutionary discourse about Haiti. ...
...It is precisely because the idea of "monstrous hybridity" was so widespread and nearly ubiquitous in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Atlantic discourse that it could so easily be repeated in the transatlantic print culture of the Haitian Revolution as an uncontested and even inconsequential fact rather than as a myth or stereotype. The troping upon a which the entire narrative of "mulatto/a" vengeance depends, like mythology, might be considered a form of what Patrick Brantlinger has called 'depoliticized speech' in the sense that it 'treats its subjects as universally accepted, scientifically established, and therefore no longer open to criticism' (168) [...Daut's listed sources seem lack an entry of a book by B.] In an era in which copyright was practically nonexistent and plagiarism did not constitute nearly the intellectual and even legal crime that it does today, the ideas about "race" that we find in various representations of the Haitian Revolution were reproduced, copied and repackaged over and over again to the extent that they not only became accepted as truths, but have become immune to criticism."

;
"...If images of women of color as the very emblems of 'concupiscense' and 'corrupt feminine desire' dominated in the print culture of colonial Saint-Domingue, they are also ever present in the literary history of the Haitian Revolution. There is a distinct connection between the highly sexualized mythology of women of color found in colonial writing from Saint-Domingue and eighteenth- and nineteenth-century colonial European descriptions of these same women as not only degraded and corrupt, but violent and vengeful during the Haitian Revolution.
[...] ...At times in the literary history of the Haitian Revolution, as in much of eighteenth-century naturalist travel writing, all women of color were defined as being capable of inspiring or committing vengeful acts because of their "race." This is because the act of "miscegenation" itself was often viewed as responsible for the internal feelings that would inevitably lead to racialized vengeance.
[...] ...the colonists' obsession with the sexuality of women of color has often served to cover up an anxiety about the possibilities, real or imagined, for these women to transgress colonial authority and contribute to anti-slavery efforts."
; (Daut) - p. 71-2; 200,203, 205. (, Italics - Daut's)

"...What we have begun, I will finish." ; (...Toussaint, on proclamation by 1793. - Acc. to, Hazareesingh, Black Spartacus. The Epic Life of Toussaint Louverture., 20...20) ; p. 50.

"... The system vomits men, but in Latin America industry sacrifices labor more than it does in Europe. ...
[...] What the United States set out to achieve for itself, and did achieve, is certainly different. Seven years after their independence, the thirteen colonies had doubled their territory, already extending beyond the Alleghenies to the banks of Mississippi, and four years after that they had forged their unity by creating a common market. Purchase of Louisiana Territory from France in 1803 again doubled the land area; then came Florida and, at mid-century, the invasion and amputation of half of Mexico in the name of 'manifest destiny'. Then the purchase of Alaska and the usurpation of Hawaii, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. ...
...We are entering times of rebellion and change."
(Eduardo Galeano) ; Open Veins of Latin America. Five Centuries of Pillage of a Continent ('1971/-73'; p. 269, 283)

"...for all the promise of this golden child of climate seemed to have, its course was cut short. Most ages last at least a few million years, but a mere 11,700 years after it began, the Holocene had been declared dead. ...evidence has converged on who killed the Holocene. Culprit: Humans. Date of death: 1950." ;
"Waste is just another word for wealth. ...If we squander this moment of energy wealth, creating heat waste instead of structure, we will all be back in the junkyard soon enough."
(Summer Praetorius) ; 'Dawn of the Heliocene' - Article, at Nautilus (a 'webmag')

"... In 1778 , a law was passed in metropolitan France that required all 'blacks' in the metropole to carry identification card or risk being shipped back to the colonies (Peabody, 1996, 129). The Police des noìrs, as it was known under the ancien régime, was abolished in 1789 after the French Revolution, but was quickly re-established, along with slavery in the colonies, under Napoleon in 1802. (Peabody , 1996, 138). In addition, on May 29, 1802, a new law forbade free people of color from residing in Paris and in June of the same year another law forbade both 'blacks' and 'mulattoes' from even entering the country ...Kadish adds that 'the memory of violence [in Saint Domingue] also produced profound mistrust... abolitionism virtually disappeared in France in the early years of the nineteenth century (Kadish, 1995, 669-70)."
...
"..., much of the transatlantic abolitionist movement could be deemed racistic by today's standards, even though it would be hard to question the commitment to anti-slavery of most its activists. ... As Miller has written of a later moment in the nineteenth century, 'To argue against slavery and the slave trade ... was to be a part of a certain, small elite movement, but to go further and militate against all prejudices based on skin color ... was a far lonelier position' (2008, 51). ..."
; Daut (2015) - p. 245-6, 247-8 (italics, Daut's.)

"Chuck said: God is an indian giver, I don´t trust nothing but the Mississippi River"
Bob Walkenhorst

"In his 1829 Appeal, David Walker, for example, assumed that the 'person' to lead the U.S. equivalent of the Haitian Revolution would be male, because in this time period persons were almost always grammatically referenced as men:

Read the history particularly of Hayti, and see how they were butchered by the whites, and do you take warning. The person whom God shall give you, give him your support and let him go his length, and behold in him the salvation of your God. God will indeed, deliver you through him from deplorable and wretched condition under the Christians of America. I charge you this day before my God to lay no obstacle in his way, but let him go. (23)

Furthermore, and with far more dire implications for women, Walker blamed female slaves and, by extension, all women of color for the lack of revolutionary prowess to be found among the slaves in the United States. Walker told the tale of 'servile' 'black' slave woman who gave in to her 'natural fine feelings' when she helped a white slave-driver escape certain death at the hands of escaped slaves (28, italics in original). Walker concludes:

But I declare the actions of this black woman are really insupportable. For my own part, I cannot think it was any thing but servile deceit, combined with the most gross ignorance: for we must remember that humanity, kindness and the fear of the Lord, does not consist in protecting devils. (29)

Peterson says of Walker's rendition of this story that 'in Walkers text it is the black woman who serves as the emblem of black disunity' (1995, 65). ... For the militant Walker, however, woman's position as a member of the 'gentler sex, naturally more moral, more loving, more caring than men' was not the virtue or ideal that it would appear to be throughout the majority of the early black press (Horton, 55); instead, these gendered distinctions were nothing more than a weakness that made 'black' females obstacles to freedom rather than allies. The characterization of this 'servile' 'black woman' whose innate weepy sentimentality is portrayed..., was part of a broad myth concerning women's (in)ability to participate in the necessarily depersonalized violence of the Revolution. Maria Stewart not only understood this, but dared to refute it." ; (Daut; p. 323-4.) -...Quite so, apparently - It feels not very difficult to think Walker of had shared the particularly eighteenth/nineteenth-centurist masculine 'value-system', and that for reflected on his (black) females blaming example given in text, such as described in above quote.
; ...But, for the more 'multisided' view to it, feels it fair also cite from a bit more of text, on this. Fx, cons that (on Walker's 'Appeal', 1829), the first cited remark - ie, one that contains reference for the Hayti, and the pronounced masculine 'identification' for Walker's imagined 'chosen one', the "saviour" to be supported ("The person whom God shall give you,...") - that said 'declaration' also is then followed w. paragraph showin' well-expressive of his provocative anti-slaverist tone, and also of the religious 'emphasizes' at text (Both often arise forth also elsew. on it, during it's times a highly inflammatory 'pamphlet'): "The whites want slaves, and want us for their slaves, but some of them will curse the day they ever saw us. As true as the sun ever shone in its meridian splendor, my colour will root some of them out of very face of the earth. They shall have enough of making slaves and butchering, and murdering us in the manner which they have. No doubt some may say that I write with bad spirit, and that I being a black, wish these things to occur. Whether I write with a bad or a good spirit, I say if these things do not occur in their proper time, ... I should like to see the white repent paradventure God may have mercy on them, some however, have gone so far their cup must be filled." ; In other words...It's quite interesting how, in unity w. 'pure' 19th centurian manner, Walker's shared 'masculine zeal' seems from relative unproblematically to encontain both the emphasizes from the 'true' christian morality - instead of the proslaverist (and also, 'Northern' US) hypocrasies - and then also for urging his 'colored brethren' to a rebellion - ie, to that widely feared insurrection from the U.S. slaves.
; ...The very next paragraph in text then returns for praising Haitian revolution, but - in the same sentence - as well contains: '...I am sorry to say it, plagued with that scourge of nations, the Catholic religion; but I hope and pray God that she may yet rid herself of it, and adopt in its stead the Protestant faith; also, I hope that she may keep peace within her borders and be united, ...' ' ; italics added.

; But, furthermore then remarked, that few paragraphs after (that point) in text follows the 'refutation', or condemning from the current U.S. institutions and a white 'morality' in general, passages underlining that existent hypocrisy of the (white) oppressors, and, also where he somewhat then reproaches his black 'brethens' from their 'tameness'. ...Plus, it then also seems had for referred the Jefferson's at the time, more or less widely read, polygenistic surmises at that Notes on Virginia. ...All of what seems fitted for, somewhat amazingly, in one paragraph, 4-5 pages in lenght. ; In the midst all that (one passage), Walker also returns bit more onto his presented example 'bout the colored woman's "ignorances" (or, for the disaproval from her 'fine feelings', as that seen by Walker); "...The actions of this deceitful and ignorant colored woman, in saving the life of a desperate wretch, whose avarious and cruel object was to drive her, and her companions in miseries, through the country like cattle, to make his fortune on their carcasses, are but too much like that of thousands of our brethren in these states: if any thing is whispered by one, which has any allusion to the melioration of their dreadful condition, they run and tell tyrants, that they may be enabled to keep them the longer in wretches and miseries. Oh! coloured people of these United States, I ask you, in the name of that God who made us, have we, in consequences of our oppression, nearly lost the spirit of man, and, in no very trifling degree, adopted that of brutes? ..."
; ie, Walker also somewhat expands on the meaning he offers by (his) given example, at that particular part the text. ; Thinkin', it not changes the fact that for followed a standard 'gendered distinctions' of the time...a 'typical male'. (But that latter section then also combines together several other main themes on text, in parallel/also 'developed' at his 'Appeal'.) - Quotes from acc. Wilentz's 'David Walkers Appeal' (fp 1965, rev. ed. 1995) ; ...And, now that I got on the 'approximate' manner from commenting on it, might not exceed an 'appetite' if I further cite few lines from Wilentz' 'Introduction', also. Now past the 20 y. later it supposable that of Walker's persona ("mystery), or about his "startling" writing (a'ka Wilentz' termings...), somewhat more may have in the mean time from surfaced - But as I'm not very well aware of the details (I've mostly, only read the pamphlet), the following few selected word having to suffice: "This was once a dangerous pamphlet. ... ' ; '...Only twenty years after Walker published the first edition of his Appeal, the once-marginal slavery question had become the central issue in American politics. A dozen years later, white Americans would go to war against each other - and Walker's prophecy would be fulfilled." (; vii, xxi)

"It is well known that Eric Williams argued that slavery created modern capitalism before modern capitalism killed slavery. ... While he readily admitted that the slave trade, in aggregate, generated seemingly 'small and insignificant' returns in comparison to Dutch and British East India trades, he argued that the profits from British slave trade played a prominent role in the industrialization of England by concentrating capital in the hands of the specific merchants and providing an African vent for British manufactured goods. More critical to his argument, however, was the contention that the Atlantic slave trade also indirectly stimulated the demand for British exports, in light of the fact that the Africans sold to planters created a New World economy and a New World market for British manufacturers. ...
Williams' provocative coupling of the Atlantic slave economy to Britain's industrialization did not go unchallenged and continues to be debated by economic historians. This literature is massive, but the interpretive framework that divides recent scholarshiop was laid out in the 1960s and 1970s. [....'and', fx, Engerman] ...and other neoclassical economists insist that it is the difference between the alternative economy and the historical reality that shows the true contribution of the Atlantic slave trade to economic growth.
[...] ...Key to Capitalism and Slavery argument is the notion that the entire Atlantic network of colonial trade was built on British slaving. It was not simply the capital generated from the African trade, but the profits from British exports and imports, to and from the American colonies. ...
...identifying manufactured exports as the cause of the effect of industrial growth is something O'Brien and Engerman consider indeterminate. ...
[...]
The neoclassical economists are at best unconvinced by the mercantilist arguments in support of Caribbean trade and are apparently suspicious of the claim that Atlantic trade was responsible for the Britain's economic growth. But during the past three decades there have been other business and economic historians who..."
David Beck Ryden: West Indian Slavery and British Abolition, 1783-1807. (2009 : p 24-5; 26; 27; 28.)

"Place may be the first of all concepts; it may be the oldest of all words."
N. Scott Momaday

"Allowing the entry of alien species of any kind is the ecological equivalent of Russian roulette. How many cylinders spin in the barrel of the extinction gun? And what precentage of the cylinders are loaded? ...
The accommodation of invasives into novel ecosystems is not cheap. By 2005, the economic costs due to invasive species in the United States alone had risen to an estimated $137 billion annually, ..."

; "A dilemma facing each one of the delegates lies in the division of loyalties. Called by the late ecologist Garrett Hardin the tragedy of the commons, it originates when individuals, or organizations or nations, share a limited resource - in this case global clean air and water - because each will obtain as large a share as allowed by the rules or an even larger share by outright cheating.

A textbook example of the tragedy of the commons is the depletion of living resources in the open sea. Within territorial waters the harvesting of fish and other seafood is weakly regulated in many parts of the world, if at all. ...The downward spiral has been hastened by habitat destruction, spread of invasive species, climate warming, acidification, pollution with toxins, and eutrophication from excess nutrient runoff.
... The numbers of larger food and sports species, such as tuna, swordfish, sharks, and larger groundfish ..., have fallen 90 percent since 1950. Cod, ...have declined by over 99 percent."

; "Not everyone claiming to be a conservationist agrees that biodiversity should be protected intact. A small but growing minority believe that humanity has already changed the living world beyond repair. ...
[...] It has been my impression that those most uncaring and prone to be dismissive of the wildlands and the magnificent biodiversity these lands still shelter are quite often the same people who have had the least personal experience with either. I think it relevant to quote... Alexander Humboldt on this... 'The most dangerous worldview is the worldview of those who have not viewed the world.' "
Wilson, Edward O.
(from) The Half-Earth. Our Planet's Fight for Life (2016 : p. 37,38 ; 67; 71,79.)

"News for today will be the movies for tomorrow"
Arthur Lee

"... It is often said that the human brain is the most complex system known to us in the universe. That is incorrect. The most complex is the individual natural ecosystem, and the collectivity of ecosystems comprising Earth's species-level biodiversity. Each species of plant, animal, fungus, and microorganism is guided by sophisticated decision devices. Each is intricately programmed in its own way to pass with precision through its respective life cycle." ;

"... History without the wildlands is no history at all."
Wilson (2016, On above,) - p. 206; 211.

"Look, a tiny baby-aeroplane, flyin' high in the sky."
Hunch-Muscle Jones

"... Other notable findings of the Report [IPBES - Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services] include:

...More than a third of the world's land surface and nearly 75 percent of freshwater resources are now devoted to crop or livestock production.
...agricultural crop production has increased by about 300 percent since 1970, raw timber harvest has risen by 45 percent and approximately 60 billion tons of renewable and nonrenewable resources...extracted globally every year... nearly doubled since 1980.
Land degradation has reduced the productivity of 23 percent of the global land surface, ...global crops are at risk of pollinator loss and 100-300 million people are at increased risk of floods and hurricanes...
In 2015, 33 percent of marine stocks were being harvested at unsustainable levels; ...
Urban areas have more than doubled since 1990.
Plastic pollution has increased tenfold since 1980, ...
...[The 'varia' of 'wastes', having from...] produced more than 400 ocean 'dead zones, totalling more than 245,000 Km2...
Negative trends in nature will continue to 2050 and beyond in all of the policy scenarios...

...a key element of more sustainable future policies is the evolution of global financial and economic systems to build a global sustainable economy, steering away from the current limited paradigm of economic growth."
Strange Sounds
- article by 29.5.2019: "Environmental degradation and Species decline is deadly serious: Nature's dangerous decline 'unprecented' and species extinction rates 'accelerating' " ; (Italics - added on this by us ;bold - as on the article.)

"Reading always beneficial."
Jörn Donner

"The ecological effects of this regional deforestation were profound, extending even to the climate itself. Although clearing changed little or nothing about the larger atmospheric movements of the wind, clouds or rain, it brought substantial changes at ground level in the way ecological communities experienced atmospheric phenomena. Microclimates, hydrology, and soil mechanics were all altered by the clearing process. It is difficult to quantify these changes with any precision, given the data are available to us: ...
Most New England naturalists agreed by the 1790s that deforestation and agricultural cultivation had the effect of warming and drying the soil, making the surface land hotter in summer and colder in winter. Temperatures in general fluctuated more widely without the moderating effects of the forest canopy to shade the ground and protect it from the winds. ..." ; "... If seasons were defined as much by an ecosystem's cycle of biological rhythms as by the movement of winds and storms, then on one special but important sense destroying the forest changed the very seasons themselves."
(Cronon, William) ; Changes in the Land (1983 ; 122, 123.)

"... Moving away from traditional accounts of Puritanism as the exceptional origin point for US culture, in the past decade scholars have offered a more nuanced portrait of the nation's religious landscape and worked to better situate that landscape in a global frame. Such work has been deeply intertwined with scholarship addressing the parameters of secularism and its complex relationships with (rather than simple opposition to) religion. It has explored the many division within American Protestantism, the role of Catholicism and Judaism in the hemisphere, the United States' complex and varied engagements with Islam, and the fraught relationships between slavery and religion. ...issues as diverse as evangelism, trade policies, national expansion, and scientific endeavor. ..." ; "...As Stephanie Kirk and Sarah Rivett's work [ie: Religious Transformations in the Early Modern Americas (2014)] has shown, the western hemisphere operated as both a site of religious desire in the colonial era, as sects competed for dominance within it, and as a space of religious change, as European colonists adapted to meet the demands of a 'New World'. ... From the earliest Spanish incursions into the region to later voyages by the English, European colonial efforts were couched in religious rhetoric and often configured as efforts to spread Christianity - Catholic or Protestant - to the furthest corners of the earth. ... [survival, of] first Protestantism... then Puritanism... [was] depicted as the engine driving settlers across the Atlantic, while the conversion of Native populations was offered to as the force that kept them in the Americas once they arrived. This rhetoric of religious imperative persisted even as settler colonists engaged in genocidal conflicts over land and introduced African slavery into the hemisphere. The notion that American settlement marked the fulfillment of a divine order, in other words, justified all manner of colonial horrors.
... The gap between intent and interpretation, Guyatt demonstrates [Providence and the invention of the United States, 1607-1876 (2007)], has produced a structure in which atrocities could be justified by recourse to providential history. This is especially clear in the context of Indian Removal and genocide, as well as New World slavery. ..." (Fenton) : Old Canaan in a New World. Native Americans and the Lost Tribes of Israel [2020]; p. 12-13; 13-14.

"De Coincidentia Oppositorum"
Nicolaus Cusanus
(as claimed by biographer)

"Scientists estimate the contaminated area will not be safe for 24,000 years, give or take a thousand."
; ...sentence/lines of the Guardian-article by Kim Wilsher, [...16.09.19...] on the Chernobyl-miniseries (and, on it's 'concealments' not always adequate from revealed...)

"In Cooper's novel, bee hunting establishes a colonial geometry that both requires and produces the disappearance of Native peoples. ...
[...]
...Bees and Native peoples alike exist in Cooper's text at the vanishing point, forever receding into distance, only to be further chased by those laying claim to their dwellings. ..."
; "The honeybee is not indigenous to the Americas. There is archeological evidence [that, the honeybee]...is recent addition to the western hemisphere, having arrived with settler colonists in the seventeenth century. ...
Bees from England thrived in North America, probably because they were already accustomed to cold and shifting temperatures, especially after weeks at sea [I slightly wonder how reliable this last claim is (,meaning the last sentence)...While I find no else to criticize about this - in the ecological literatures it's common described a historical 'issue'; The described changes on the N.American 'landscape' btw, ca, 1600-1900, and cultural 'thematics' which followed, or 'accompied' that process.] The American landscape provided an excellent supply of food and shelter for bees: there were ample opportunities to feed on local flora, and new swarms could make homes in the hollow trees that were ubiquitous in the continent's vast forestlands. In these favorable conditions the honeybee acclimated quickly and spread throughout the hemisphere. Honey became the popular sweetener not only for colonists but also among existing populations. ... The honeybee thus had a sudden and lasting impact on both the physical and the social landscapes of the Americas.
...bee and its hive long have stood as potent symbols for human modes of social order and sovereignty. ... Charles Butler's 1609 work, The feminine monarchie, a paean to the late Queen Elisabeth I, describes bees as living 'under the government of one Monarch, of whom above al [sic] things they have principal care and respect, loving, reverencing and obeying her in al things.'
The queen was not the only appealing bee in the period: ... the drone ... stood as a sign for everythig from beggars to sick people to, eventually, colonists. The drones forced exit from the hive at the beginning of winter (a sentence of death by exile) seemed a harsh but necessary warning to unproductive members of society. [Etc...]" - Fenton [2020] (p. 142, 143 ; 145-7.)

"Industrial infrastructure can be taken away in any moment given and people should be capable to steal parts of it to keep machines rolling in the ruins of destroyed society."
Lee Felsenstein

"Federal and tribal government blood rules such as 'blood quantum' have helped to constitute unique formations of the Indian and the tribe for more than a century. Where the federal policy project of the nineteenth century was to detribalize, what has happened in effect is a rearticulated tribalization of Native American in blood fractions and through bloodlines. A key mechanism meant to dilute Indians out of existence has reconfigured them and, in the particular form of lineal descent, propagates them. If the material properties of blood - the red fluid itself - are no longer legitimate for the study of race, symbolic blood remains very much at play in twenty-first-century sociopolitical formations of the Indian. ...

For much of human history, actual and symbolic blood permeated discussions about and experiences in the social and political realms. ... Blood was let flow for medical and religious reasons, in tortureous executions in some lands and eras, in sacrifices in others. Nonhuman animals were butchered and hung in the open, and their blood was drunk raw or cooked. In what is today western Europe, during the rise of the medical sciences, there were live human dissections of criminals sentenced to death. Menstruating women, considered both taboo and powerful, preoccupied people around the world. ... menstural blood also nourished. It represented fecundity and has been used as fertilizer. Blood signified moral and physical purity and social solidarity. The color and condition of blood preoccupied the minds of thinkers and represented the essence of life and personhood. Some believed it to be 'the seat of the soul.' ...

Against a backdrop in which blood signifies contamination and purity, ... race emerged as a tool for the state and for science to categorize and trade in human bodies and body parts. Blood types illustrate the point. When ABO blood types were uncovered, in 1900, they were investigated by scientists as indicative of race. ...Nearly all populations exhibit all three blood types, A, B, and O, but proportions of each blood type within different populations differ, sometimes dramatically. ...

...Marks writes that research that attempted to track race to blood group neglected 'the fact that blood' is a metaphor for heredity, not heredity itself."
; (Tallbear) : Native American DNA. Tribal Belonging and the False Promise of the Genetic Science (2013) ; p. 47-8 (italics, Tallbear's)

"...Natural resources, including both black bodies and labor and Native American land and resources, constituted important forms of property in earlier centuries that drove nation-state's civilizing project. In our twenty-first century 'knowledge society,' ... ... Both DNA and the knowledge produced of it constitute important forms of property today and drive the current civilizing project. ..." ;
"... Both law and the biosciences then confront the same fundamental question; what constitutes the 'members of the same group' for the purpose of understanding the transfer of properties? In law one must determine who is a group member in order to determine who inherits material property. In the biosciences, the order of cause and effect is reversed. Who inherits biological property determines who is a group member.

Paralleling white-supremacist law and presaging twenty-first-century biotechnoscientific claims, nineteenth- and early twentieth-century anthropological theories - Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution being exemplary - facilitated anthropologists' claiming as their inheritance (and the inheritance of the nation) Native American material and cultural patrimony. ... Thus, the 'institutions, arts, inventions and practical experience' of the indians formed 'part of the human record,' and as peoples the Indians possessed 'a high and special value reaching far beyond the Indian race itself.' The (white) human sciences needed to study american indian in order to progress and, as Morgan argued, in order to 'recover some portion of the lost history of our own race.'
[...]
In addition to aiding claims to Native American patrimony, the (potential) absorbtion of 'red' into the white body affected another key shift in U.S. history. ...it helped to consolidate the black/white national binary, ... Indeed, Native American race [, as a concept or 'signifier'; or, such as the 'defining for' in the text cited; 'race category of "red" '] was largely neglected in seminal twentieth-century U.S. racial-formation analyses, ... Understanding the consolidation of the black-white binary is critical for understanding histories of race and power in the United States. But then are the relationships between red and white, and red and black, for that matter. ..."
;
"...'genetic articulations of indigeneity' rest on assumptions of certain forms of physical and social death. And those assumptions contradict the analyses and work of indigenous peoples who view their presence as peoples, cultures, land stewards, and sometimes governmental entities as still vital. ... In indigenous peoples' articulations, that distinctiviness is much more than biological, and it is not a marker of inevitable defeat. ... It is unsurprising then, that indigenous critics of human genome diversity research resist terms that objectify indigenes as historical-biological curiosities whose raw material must be captured and studied for posterity before they most certainly vanish. DNA sequences - like baskets, bones, pots, and ceremonial objects - become artifacts of soon-to-be-extinct populations. Such a disconnection between genetic and indigenous articulations of indigeneity is not easily bridged." ; (Talbear; p. 136; 137-8. ; 150-1.)

"...Actions which appeared to be childish, most of them were exhibitions of bravado, not unlike humming a jazztune while walking into a gathering of a Ku Klux Klan."
Maya Angelou

"...It is a strange fact, characteristic of the incomplete state of our present knowledge, that totally opposing conclusion are drawn about prehistoric conditions on our planet, depending on whether the problem is approached from the biological or geophysical view-point." ;
" Since it was previously taken for granted that the continental blocks - whether above sea level or inundated - have retained their mutual positions unchanged through the history of the planet, one could only have assumed that the postulated land bridges existed in the form of intermediate continents, ...The well-known palaeontological reconstructions arose on the basis of such assumptions, one example of them, for the Carboniferous, is given in Figure 2. [below...]

This assumption of sunken intermediate continents was in fact the most obvious so long as one based one's stand on the theory of the contraction or shrinkage of the earth, a viewpoint we shall have to examine more closely in what follows. The theory first appeared in Europe. ...
[...]
It is probably no accident that the permanence theory has it's most numerous adherents in America: geology developed late there - thus simultaneously with geophysics - and this necessarily led to more rapid and complete adaption by geology of the results advanced by its sister science than in Europe. There was absolutely no temptation to make the contraction theory, which contradicts geophysics, one of the basic assumptions. It was quite otherwise in Europe, where geology already had a long period of development behind it before geophysics had produced its first results, and had, without benefit of geophysics, already arrived at an overall view of the earth's evolution in the form of contraction theory. It is quite understandable that it is difficult for many European scientists to free themselves completely from this tradition and that they view the results of geophysics with a mistrust that never completely fades.

However, where does the truth lie? ... There clearly remains but one possibility: there must be a hidden error in the assumptions alleged to be obvious."
(Alfred Wegener) : The Origin of Continents and Oceans - on 1929 publ. ed (Quots. are via it's 1966 repr. : p. 5; 8-9, 16-7 .)

"Practice is a technique, aiming to force body in different repetitive tasks that have been ordered to happen on variety of levels."
Michel Foucault
(Surveiller et Punir. Transl. here WG)

" We are perhaps too ready to believe that, because colonisation by force is no longer a real danger, the substance and tendencies of empire have therefore ceased entirely to exist. This book deals with the relationship between size and power, and with the penalties and paradoxes of the pursuit of global dominance, not just for those encroached upon and invaded, but also for the invaders themselves, the warriors who so easily became captives in one fashion or another. It would be nice to believe that such issues could be safely consigned to the realm of history. It would also be unwise."
Colley, Linda : Captives. Britain, Empire and the World 1600-1850 (2002; on 'Introduction', p. 19-20.)

"...Paradoxically, piracy was often co-opted and exonerated as a tolerated abuse, even though at its high point in the 1690s and 1710s, it posed a major threat to mercantile shipping on the principal British trade routes to the West Indies and India. Pirates posed crucial challenges to law enforcement by preying on merchant shipping and escaping punitive action. On the other hand, state-sponsored privateering expeditions that were issued 'letters of marque' encouraged the seizure and destruction of competitive merchant shipping by other European countries. ... , pirates were in the dangerous and profitable position of opportunistically playing various legal and political minefields to their advantage. The issuance of frequent pardons and royal proclamations, as piratical activity could not always be stopped by force, also presented unique occasions when blanket absolutions could be obtained for previous piratical acts.
... A number of illegal and violent maritine activities, such as buccaneering, privateering, and wrecking, existed alongside piracy. ... Buccaneers were vigilante settlers and only occasional seafarers who acted violently on their own initiative in ways that enhanced the colonial presence of the British. Like Sir Henry Morgan, governor of Jamaica, a noted buccaneer who sacked Panama, they were frequently rewarded for their prescient services after the fact. Privateers operated against rival shipping with governmental approval through secret letters of marque... Of course, as in the 1701 case of the trial of the Captain Kidd, a privateer turned pirate, this could embarrass the state considerably. ...Pirates, however, ...formed a renegade subculture recruited from insubordinate elements of the seafaring milieu and struck out for themselves in remarkable fashion, to the extent that historians have speculated that they were remnants of the radical elements from the English Revolution. Piracy was especially significant as a virtualizing activity on the colonial periphery. Some aspects of piracy represent a proletarian, anticapitalist challenge to the bourgeois economic and political institutions that Defoe supported. ... "
; (However...) "Piratical discourse should be treated with some caution, as its relation to piracy as a historical practice is still somewhat unclear. Although Defoe's General History of the Pyrates has become an ur-text for studies of piracy, its imaginative power derives from a deliberate confusion of real and fictional pirates. Piratical articles often revealed a collectivist origin behind the fraternal contract. ..."
(Aravamudan, Srinivas) ; Tropicopolitans. Colonialism and Agency, 1688-1804 (1999; p. 82-3; 84.)

"If, ..., we are to trace shifting attitudes in Britain towards Islam in the Mediterranean (and anywhere else), we need to look beyond the standard and formulaic language of denunciation, suggestive though it can sometimes be. Contemporary reactions must be explored more broadly...
, for after 1600 they multiplied rapidly.

One of the paradoxes of Barbary captive-taking was that it not only exacarbated pre-existing hostility to Islam, but also increased the volume and variety of information available about it in Britain, and transformed both the extent and complexity of Muslim-British contacts. ... this same decade, the 1630s also saw the establishment of the first ever chairs in Arabic at Oxford and Cambridge Universities, in part so that officials and interpreters could be trained up to deal with Barbary and the Ottoman empire in the future. ... The 1640s saw...also the first publication of the Qur'an in English...
This went through several editions before being entirely superseded in 1734, when the London-based orientalist George Sale (himself ' half a Mussulman' in Edward Gibbon's later opinion) produced a new and remarkable version of the Qur'an. ...
[...] There was also an element of awe involved, which never entirely went away. By the seventeenth century, the great Islamic empires together probably contained between one third and one quarter of the world's population, and sprawled across the globe on a geographical scale that dwarfed western Europe as a whole, never mind the England..."
;
"[The imperial city of Meknès, 'in Moroco today'] ...was a project roughly contemporaneous with the buildings of Versailles by Louis XIV of France, and it was inspired by a comparable regal hubris and territorial ambition. The sultan's palace at Meknès was simply the 'largest he had ever seen', reported an envoy dispatched to redeem Britain's Moroccan captives in the 1720s. ... Set against this..., Versailles was unduly compact; while William III's extensions to Hampton court near London would have seemed almost toy-like in comparison.

This indeed, was a crucial point. To the extent that Islamic societies did appear different to Britons at this early stage, it could still be because they seemed bigger, stronger or richer."
(Colley); Captives (p. 105-106; 110.)

"As in the aftermath of Pequot war, trade centers that New Englanders already dominate or wished to enter became the destinations of Indian captives. Despite the prohibitions on New England Indians issued in Barbados and Jamaica, owners ... found buyers there, especially for small lots that formed part of the constant traffic between the two regions. [...]

Iberia, North Africa, and the Portuguese Wine islands formed another node of trade and slavery. The Wampanoag, Pocasset, and Christian Indians condemned in the 1675 summer campaign were among the first shipped abroad into slavery. Plymouth and Massachusetts consigned the 187 captives aboard captain Thomas Spragg's vessel Sampson to be sold at Cadiz, a port on the Atlantic side of the southernmost tip of Spain. ..."
, "A polyglot town where English, Dutch, and French merchants maintained trading houses, Cadiz had been regional center of the slave trade since 1300. Traditionally its slave markets included Africans and South Asians, as well as 'Loros,' or 'Browns,' a group that included 'Berbericos' (Muslim captives from the Barbary states and elsewhere in North Africa), Indians from the Americas, and people of other ethnicities from southern and eastern Europe and the Ottoman Empire. Religion was the main dividing line between slave and free peoples, although phenotype - that is, racial appearance - began to carry increasing weigth. European renegades who had converted to Islam while captive could be enslaved. Dark-skinned Europeans could be at risk of illegal enslavement by privateers, although English officials did apparently free the occasional Greek or Spanish slave who could prove European and Christian affiliations. ... The New England Indians' enslavement met with little surprise or legal challenge in a place where ethnicity and color did not define slave status. ..."
;
"Madagascar was part of the East India Company's monopoly territory, but the company had not yet exploited it. Instead, the island offered captains a chance to buy slaves while evading national slave trade monopolies, such as the one held by the Royal Africa Company. About twenty-five English or English-American ships traded there between 1675 to 1692. Madagascars muslim rulers also welcomed trade with North Africa, with the Dutch from bases in South Africa, Mauritius and Java, and with the Portuguese in Goa and West Africa, sending approximately six thousand slaves per year into these and other markets. English and American ships generally headed to Barbados to sell their human cargo after stopping at Madagascar. In addition to Malagasy slaves, Madagascar markets included captives from Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Mozambique, and North Africa, all of whom could be purchased much more cheaply than slaves in West Africa. Muskets and ammunition provided the main currency in exchange.

Other New England Indians entered Atlantic slave markets via Fayal, one of the Azores, a chain of volcanic islands that together with the Madeira and the canaries are often called the Wine Islands or Western Islands. ..."
(Newell) ; Brethren by Nature. New England Indians, Colonists, and the Origins of American Slavery (2015 ; p. 175, 176-7; 180.)

"Equiano's most important precursor was the Defoe... A general affiliation to Defoe was noticed as early as 1808 by Abbé Grégoire in his fascinating tract, De la littérature des nègres. Reinflecting in racial terms a picaresque trope from Robinson Crusoe, Equiano says, 'my life and fortune have been extremely checkered, and my adventures various' (2:254). Equiano echoes Crusoe's solitary penitence: 'How strange a Chequer-Work of Providence is the Life of Man! and by what secret differing Springs are the Affections hurry'd about as differing Circumstances present! ...for I whose only Affliction was, that I seem'd banished from human Society, that I was alone, circumscrib'd to what I call silent Life.' ... It is remarkable that the last six chapters of the autobiography each end with Equiano fulfilling different shape-shifting fantasies: as a naval captain, a parson, an Arctic explorer, an evangelical poet, a colonizing missionary, and as a colonial projector. These additions to Equiano's curriculum vitae jostle with a list of other qualifications, including shipboard powder monkey, domestic servant, trader, accountant, barber, labor organizer, abolitionist activist, and Parliamentary lobbyist.

Equiano's conscious imitation of Defoe is clear enough, even as he slyly complicates the racial metaphor by averring that his life 'was written by one who was unwilling as unable to adorn the plainness of truth by the colouring of imagination' (2: 254). ...

...In his...listing of the conventions of slave narrative, James Olney points out that an allusion to a 'plain, unvarnished tale' was one of the most enduring critical reflexes when slave narratives were reviewed or introduced by amanuenses, even if Othello was not alluded to by the teller. ...

In the manner of Oroonoko, and Othello before him, the voiced African's royal antecedents come to the forefront alongside the narrative of Christianization. It is this aspect, of voicing African royalty, that makes up the other half or a peculiar bourgeois-aristocratic composite. Othello took his 'life and being from men of royal siege,' and Oroonoko was an anomalous royal slave. The cliché of the royal black captive recurs incessantly in British literary representation from Oroonoko to Rasselas. " ; (Aravamudan) - 1999 (; p. 249, 250-1.)

; "No attempt has been made to create heroes or heroines, or to appeal to the imagination or the heart." (William Wells Brown, Boston, May, 1880.)
(on Preface for My Southern Home,
or, The South and it's People.)

"Ethics[...] can have no science. What it says does not add to our knowledge in any sense. But it is a document of a tendency in the human mind which I personally cannot help respecting deeply and would not for my life ridicule it"
Ludwig Wittgenstein

"To all those who wish to talk about man[...] who, on the other hand, refer all knowledge back to the truths of man himself[...] who refuse to mythologize without demystifying, who refuse to think without immediately thinking that it is man who is thinking, to all these warped and twisted forms of reflection we can answer only with a philosophical laugh - which means, to a certain extent, a silent one."
Michel Foucault
(Order of Things)

"Pay. No Pay? ´O´ Bay"
WG

"In the alteration between news of pollution and unemployment, one can study today how these two scenarios replace and subvert one another, [...] Here it is as if there was a performance of a mixture of Marx and Macbeth, or the collective bargaining talks in the public sector and Goethe's of 'sorcerer's apprentice'.'"
Ulrich Beck
(Reflexive Modernization. Politics, Tradition and Aesthetics in the modern Social Order)

"[...]
Operating on stock exchanges became a matter of dark dealing and of dark fibre. ... A 2015 report by the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) estimated that dark pool trading accounted for one-fifth of all trades in stocks that also traded on the public exchanges - a figure that doesn't account for many other popular forms of financial instrument. ...Initially advertised as places to trade securely, many dark pool operators have been censured for quietly inviting in the same high-frequency traders their clients were trying to avoid - either to provided liquidity to the market, or for their own profit. ...
The combination of high-frequency trading and dark pools is just one way in which financial systems have been rendered obscure, and thus ever more unequal. ..."

;
"Technology is in fact a key driver of inequality across many sectors. The relentless progress of automation - from supermarket checkouts to trading algorithms, factory robots to self-driving cars - increasingly threatens human employment across the board. There is no safety net for those whose skills are rendered obsolete by machines; and even those who programme the machines are not immune. As the capabilities of machines increase, more and more professions are under attack, with artificial intelligence augmenting the process. ... The complacent of the Right against communism - that we'll all have to buy our goods from a single state supplier - has been supplanted by the necessity of buyin everything from Amazon. And one of the keys to this augmented inequality is the opacity of technological systems themselves.
[...]
The reason Amazon workers need hand-held devices to navigate around the warehouse is because it is otherwise impenetrable to humans. Humans would expect goods to be stored in human-type ways: the books over here, DVDs over there, racks of stationary to the left, and so on. But to a rational machine intelligence, such an arrangement is deeply inefficient. Consumers don't order goods alphabetically or by type; ... As a result, Amazon employs a logistics technique called 'chaotic storage' - chaotic, that is, from a human point of view. By locating products by need and association rather than by type, it's possible to construct much shorter paths between items. ... Arranging the world from the perspective of the machine renders it computationally efficient, but makes it completely incomprehensible to humans. And moreover, it accelerates oppression.
[...] Reducing workers to meat algorithms, useful only for their ability to move and follow orders, makes them easier to hire, fire, and abuse. Workers who go where their wrist-mounted terminal tells them to don't even need to understand the local language, and they don't need an education. Both of these factors, together with the atomisation produced by technological augmentation, also prevent effective organization. ..."
(James Bridle) : New Dark Age. Technology and the End of the Future [2018: 108-9 ; 113, 114-6.]

"Don't believe in riches,
but you should see where I live."
U2/Bono
(God, part II)

"...I will not undertake to explain; sure I am, that whoever knows Rome, will not condemn this ébauche of it."
(Hester Piozzi) : Observations and Reflections. Made in the course of a Journey Through France, Italy, and Germany, 1788.

"What a story and how they fight
Let's gamble and guess who will win.
[...] Information – in between"
Accept : T.V. War (- 86)

"In white suprematist capitalist patriarchy, black males and white females are uniquely positioned to compete with one another for the favors white 'daddies' in power can extend to them. If the individuals from these groups should fail to understand either their connection to one another or their position in relation to white patriarchy, they are bombarded by mass-media images within the pedagogy of popular culture that constantly remind them that their chances of receiving rewards from the patriarchal mainstream and their hopes for salvation within the existing social structure are greatly enhanced when they learn how to 'do it for daddy'."
(bell hooks), from 'Doin it for daddy: black masculinity in the mainstream' - on Reel to Real. Race, sex and class at the movies (1996; p. 84)

"Scrupulous histories are always written (by man), not made."
MS Jones

"It's your world. Change it."
No Sweat-sneakers (advert text).

"BANANA (Build absolutely nothing anywhere near anything)."
- A term used by opponents refering to the(claimed ecopopulist) 1980's enviromentalism movements and community groups

"Instead of 'climate change' the preferred terms are 'climate emergency, crisis or breakdown' and 'global heating' is favoured over 'global warming', although the original terms are not banned.
' We want to ensure that we are being scientifically precise, ...
The phrase 'climate change', for example sounds rather passive and gentle when what scientists are talking about is a catastrophe for humanity.' "
(Guardian, 17.5.2019) on 'Why guardian is changing the language it uses about the environment'
- Exceptionally...We make note about this aspect, because,
it's from a greatest importance: (the) Language, terms do matter.

[...And, by-the-way: I disagree on that other change-of-term: Global warming should be preferred to the Global heating, simply 'cause it, by now, gives a lot better idea about it, on about the whole phenomena. (Those moderations, alterations and lies 'around' the issue, in during period for few decades time, past.) ...Personally changed even for using, when necessary, the'-hell' addix too. (It, sort of, catches from more 'layers' on this Warming/Climate-'issue.' ;W-G.]

"The need for accumulating (stuff) is one of the first symptoms of the death in individual life as well as in the society."
Walter Benjamin
(Das Passagen Werk. [Der Sammler] - Transl. here WG)

"...the probability of truly catastrophic cyber-attack, like a meltdown of the world's financial system or a broad-based attack on electric grid, is certainly not negligible. An attack of this magnitude will likely remain the province of professional intelligence services for some time to come. ...
And, of course, the possibility of cyberwarfare involving nuclear power plants was vividly on display in the case of the so-called Stuxnet worm, revealed in 2010 to have attacked the Iranian uranium-enrichment program by speeding up specific centrifuge models, and in other attacks of a similar nature dubbed 'Olympic games,', both reportedly launched by the United States and Israel.

While the highest-profile cybersecurity incidents of recent years have generally been state-to-state affairs, the power to conduct low- to medium-grade attacks and exploitation on a wide scale has clearly migrated to actors far below the level of sovereign states. The most famous example is the hacker group known as Anonymous, whose diffuse and largely uncoordinated membership has launched attacks on a range of targets - from Sony, to companies that refused to host WikiLeaks, to government vehicles, to the Church of Scientology. But it is not the only example. ..."
; The Future of Violence. Robots and germs, hackers and drones. (2015; B.Wittes - G.Blum ; p. 23-4.)

"For most things there's explanation:
Nice, Neat and Wrong."
H. L. Mencken

"It is abundantly clear that increased consumption and economic growth from within the existing paradigms will harm the environment. This is a recipe for disaster of unprecedented magnitude."
Ryan King
(War, Waste, and Moneylenders: factoring social and economic instability into ecological catastrophe and the decline of western civilization - Article at Mongabay.com)

"...Evolving more recently, so that no one would mistake a human for our predecessors of even a couple of million years back, seems like a virtue, as if we improved ourselves while other organisms stuck with the same old styles their parents wore.
Regardless of the shaky ground on which that impression lies, we don't even win the prize for most recent evolution; in fact, lose by a wide margin. Strictly speaking, according to the textbook definition... , many of the most rapidly evolving species, and hence those with the most recent changes, are not primates but pathogens, the disease-causing organisms like viruses and bacteria. Because of their rapid generation times, viruses can produce offspring in short order, which means that viral gene frequencies can become altered in a fraction of the time it would take to do the same thing in a population of humans, zebras, or any other vertebrate.
...evolving quickly is not necessarily a good thing. Often the impetus of rapid evolution in nonhuman organisms is a strong and novel selective agent: a crop is sprayed with a new insecticide, or a new disease is introduced to a population by a few individuals who stray into its boundaries. Those who are resistant, sometimes an extremely tiny minority, survive and reproduce, while the others perish. These events are not confined to crops, or even to nonhumans. Some estimates of death rates from the medieval out-break of bubonic plague called the Black Death in Europe have gone as high as 95 percent."
; "...According to the old conventional wisdom, Neandertals were those brutish hairy characters that lost out in evolution to the more cunning and - not coincidentially - more attractive Homo Sapiens, who went to make better tools, develop language and generally evolve into, well, us. But ever since the 2008 finding of complex stone tools made by Neanderthals, ...the 2010 discovery by Svante Pääbo and his colleagues that 1-4 percent of the genome of non-Africans today seems to have come from Neanderthals, all parties have been hastily revising their stories."
; "The suspicion that humans might not be evolving may stem from the misconception, ...that evolution is progressing toward a goal. A related fallacy is that all of life has been aimed at the production of humans, the pinnacle of evolution. ...Humans are no more of an end point to evolution than they are its most recent product.

...But to many people, ...that we are evolving because, our genes have changed, often through random forces, is unsatisfying. What they really want to know is whether natural selection, the remaining evolutionary mechanism, is still in force.
Here, too, the answer is yes."
(Zuk, Marlene) ; Paleofantasy. What Evolution Really tells us about Sex, Diet and How we Live (2013 : p. 15-6. ; 34-5. ; 253.)

"I do not say the story is true, for I did not witness
the happenings which it portrays, but the fact that in the telling of it to you I have given fictitious names for the principal characters quite sufficiently evidences the sincerity of my own belief that it MAY be true. [...and follows...] the story as I painstakingly pieced it out from these several various agencies."
E.R.Burroughs
(Tarzan of the Apes ; 1912)

"The question that the tension between these divergent new strands of environmentalism raises, then, is whether and how it might be possible to move environmentalism beyond the stereotypical narrative of the decline of nature without turning it into progress boosterism. What affirmative visions of the future can the environmentalist movement offer, visions that are neither returns to an imagined pastoral past nor nightmare of future devastation meant to serve as 'cautionary tales' ?..."

; "...Environmentalists currently face the challenge of reenvisioning conservation in terms that enable the imagination not so much of the end of species as of their future. It may be interesting ... one of the first critical works to engage questions of ecology and literary form, Joseph Meeker's The Comedy of Survival [1974] ... argued that tragedy, ... has an inherently anthropocentric bias. ...taken as a suggestion that might shed light on certain cultural contexts rather than as a general principle, Meeker's claim helps to explain the persuasive force of extinction stories in which the charismatic animal, in a loose sense, comes to replace the human of high social standing who undergoes a tragic fall. It thereby also raises the question whether a comic narrative about species extinction might be possible."
; Heise, Ursula - Imagining Extinction: The Cultural Meanings of Endangered Species (2016: p. 12; 50-1.)

"[...] Look into the truth that is still. Look into the land of the prophet. Look past the living streets of Boston. Look, finally, into the eyes of the Beacon Street Union."
Robert Pomerene
(The Eyes of the Beacon Street Union)

"A 2017 study in Australia, home to some of the world's high-tech farming, found that 'wheat productivity has flatlined as a direct result of climatic change.' ...In June 2018, researchers found that a two-degree Celsius rise in temperature - which, recall, is what the Paris accords are now aiming for - could cut U.S. corn yields by 18 percent." ;
"...The paper [...by 2017(?)], in the journal Environmental Research, said that rising carbon dioxide levels, by speeding plant growth, seem to have reduced the amount of protein in basic staple crops, a finding so startling that, for many years, agronomists had overlooked hints that it was happening. ...In the developing world, where people rely on plants for their protein, that means huge reductions in nutrition: India alone could lose 5 percent of the protein in its total diet, putting 53 million people at new risk for protein deficiency. ... 'The idea that food becomes less nutritious was a surprise,' said one researcher. 'Its not intuitive.' But I think we should continue to expect surprises. We are completely altering the biophysical conditions that underpin our food system. And not just ours. People don't depend on goldenrod, for instance, but bees do. When scientists looked at samples of goldenrod in the Smithsonian that date back to 1842, they found that the protein content of its pollen had 'declined by a third since the industrial revolution - and the change closely tracks with the rise of carbon dioxide.'

Bees help crops, obviously, so thats scary news. ... But [Aug, 2018, (?)] ...new study found something as frightening: crop pests were thriving in the new heat. ... Even if we hit the UN target of limiting temperature rise to two degrees Celsius, pests should cut wheat yields by 46 percent, corn by 31 percent, and rice by 19 percent. ...Even fossilized plants from fifty million years ago make the point: 'Plant damage from insects correlated with the rising and falling temperatures, reaching a maximum during the warmest periods." ;

"... Scientists have even theorized that AIs following their own impulses might explain why we haven't found other civilizations out in space. Forget asteroids and supervolcanoes, says Bostrom- ...But what if there is some technology 'that (a) virtually all sufficiently advanced civilizations eventually discover and (b) it's discovery leads almost universally to existential disaster'? That is to say, perhaps the reason we don't hear from the other civilizations is because interstellar space is dotted not with sentient life but with orbiting piles of paper clips.

No one, I think, has a particularly good answer for this set of practical challenges. ...
Still,... Practical problems are by definition theoretically soluble - that's why we call them 'problems.' For the moment, lets assume that we won't create Frankenstein's monsters and that we will make sure that all people have equal access to the fertility lab. ...
And then let's ask a more metaphysical, and maybe more important question: What does that do to the human game? What it does, I think, is begin to rob it of meaning."
; (McKibben) - Falter (2018; p 36, 38-9. ; 161-2.)

"There should be a word for when you commit a treason against an entire planet.
In July 1977, one of Exxon's senior scientists, ...addressed many of the company's top leaders. Speaking at the oil giant's New York City headquarters, he flipped through slide after slide showing some of the earliest research under way on what was then called the greenhouse effect. ...

Fossil fuel corporations had worried at least a little about climate change for a long time. As early as 1959, at a symposium called 'Energy and man', ..., the physicist Edward Teller told the industry's most important executives, 'Carbon dioxide has a strange property. It transmits visible light but it absorbs the infrared radiation which is emitted from the earth.' The temperature, Teller predicted, would rise, and when it did, ' there is a possibility that the icecaps will start melting and the levelof the oceans will begin to rise.' ..."
; "We know that Exxon executives took these warnings seriously. Internal documents show that the company (and other oil giants) built their new oil drilling platforms with higher decks to compensate for the sea level rise they now knew was coming. In the Arctic, a team assigned to investigate the effects or warming concluded that 'global warming can only help lower exploration and development costs' in the Beaufort Sea. ..., the team predicted, drilling season in the Arctic would lenghten from two months to as much as five months, which is in fact what happened.

It wasn't just Exxon that knew. In the autumn of 2018 new documents emerged that Shell scientists had predicted in the late 1980s that carbon dioxide levels could double as early as 2030, and predicting an increase in 'runoff, destructive floods, and inundation of low-lying farmland.' All in all, Shell's experts said, 'the changes may be the greatest in the recorded history.' Take a minute to think through the implications of these exposes. By 1988, when James Hanson made global warming a public issue, the oil companies knew that he and the other researchers were right. They were, in fact, using Hansen's NASA climate models to figure out how low their drilling costs in the Arctic would eventually fall. So, imagine what would have happened if they had merely told the truth. ..."
; (McKibben, 2018; p. 72-3, 74-5.)

"The reasons are clear."
Investing in Development. A practical Plan to Achieve the Millenium Development Goals. United nations Development Programme (2005)

"Urban multispecies justice can also productively inflect planning, architecture, design. ... , city authorities in a time of biodiversity loss find themselves facing the quite different challenge of how to make visible the nonhuman inhabitants of urban spaces and architectural structures in such a way that they enhance rather than harm biodiversity. How can we plan traffic flows in such a way that they accommodate not just cars but also the movements of animals? How can we design buildings so that they become not death traps for birds but habitat for insects, reptiles, birds, and bats? Which rodents should we plan to include and exclude, in what numbers, and for what reasons? If we assume we will never get rid of rats, for instance... - how might we design sewers, gardens, and waste disposal procedures in such a way that the rats' behaviours become useful rather than harmful? How do we ensure that increased urban biodiversity does not increase health risks for the poor? By proposing multispecies justice as a framework for considering such questions, I am not suggesting that these questions will be easy to answer or that there will not be disagreement about them. ... But I am suggesting that the values, cultural perceptions, emotions, and traditions that inflect our perceptions and interactions with nonhuman species always have to be an explicit part of conversations about conservation, and that thinking about the construction of new, functional multispecies habitats may be a more productive and democratic goal to invest our energies than the attempt to recreate the habitats of the past. "
; Heise (2016; p. 236-7.)

"If it was for luck, the luck had no if at all."
(Writing on the wall at MSW)

"...Large Blue butterfly populations are thus not a scalable effect of the butterflies' DNA. They are nonscalable sites of interspecies encounter. This is a problem for the modern synthesis, because population genetics was from the early twentieth century at the core of evolution without history. ...

Reintroducing history into evolutionary thinking has already begun at other biological scales. The cell, once an emblem of replicable units, turns out to be the historical product of symbiosis among free-living bacteria. Even DNA turns out to have more history in its amino-acid sequences than once thought. Human DNA is part virus, viral encounters mark historical moments in making us human. Genome research has taken up the challenge of identifying encounter in the making of DNA. Population science cannot avoid history for much longer.

Fungi are ideal guides. Fungi have always been recalcitrant to the iron cage of self-replication. Like bacteria, some are given to exchanging genes in nonreproductive encounters ('horizontal gene transfer'); many also seem averse to keeping their genetic material sorted out as 'individuals' and 'species,' not to speak of 'populations.' When researchers studied the fruiting bodies of what they thought of as a species, the expensive Tibetan 'caterpillar fungus,' they found many species entangled together. ..."
(Tsing, Anna) : The Mushroom at the end of the World. On the possibility of life in Capitalist Ruins (2015; p. 142-3.)

;
"The story of landscape is both easy and hard to tell. Sometimes it relaxes readers into somnolence, making us think we are not learning anything new. This is a result of the unfortunate wall we have built between concepts and stories. We can see this, for example, in the gap between environmental history and science studies. Science studies scholars, unpracticed in reading concepts through stories, don't bother with environmental history. ... Distilling general principles, theorists expect that others will fill in the particulars - but 'filling in' is never so simple. This is an intellectual apparatus that shores up the wall between concepts and stories, thus, indeed, draining the significance of the sensitivive science studies scholars try to define. ...

Telling stories of the landscape requires getting to know the inhabitants of the landscape, human and not human. This is not easy, and it makes sense to me use all the learning practices I can think of, including our combined forms of mindfulness, myths and tales, livelihood practices, archives, scientific reports and experiments. ..." ; (Tsing) (; 2015: p. 158-9.)

"It's as simple as reducing packaging and moving towards alternative, biodegradable materials and recycling."
Dr (Mike) James

"... Since the wealthy would be able to afford the procedure more often, and since any beneficial genetic modifications made to an embryo would be transmitted to all of that person's offspring, linkages between class and genetics would ineluctably grow from one generation to the next, no matter how small the disparity in access might be. Consider the effect this could have on the socioeconomic fabric of society. If you think our world is unequal now, just imagine it stratified along both socioeconomic and genetic lines. Envision a future where people with more money live healthier and longer lives thanks to their privileged sets of genes. It's the stuff of science fiction, but if germline editing becomes routine, this fiction could become reality.
Germline editing may inadvertently transscribe our societies' financial inequality into our genetic code - but it may also create a different kind of injustice. As disability-rights advocates have pointed out, using gene editing to 'fix' things like deafness or obesity could create a less inclusive society, one that pressures everyone to be the same - and perhaps even encourages more discrimination against differently abled people - instead of celebrating our natural differences. ... While some disease-causing gene mutations produce defective or abnormal proteins on a biochemical level, the individuals that live with disease are certainly not defective or abnormal, and they might live perfectly happy lives and not feel any need for gene repair." ;

"...Given the deplorable history humans have when it comes to programs aimed at improving our gene species' pool, perhaps it's not surprising that CRISPR's potential to endow individuals with healthier genes earns it comparisons to these sad chapters in our past.

But while it's certainly attentive-grabbing to equate gene editing with these dark precendents, the comparison doesn't hold up to scrutiny. Technically, the use of CRISPR in embryos to combat human disease would be an eugenic practice, but so is preimplantation genetic diagnosis, ultrasound technology, prenatal vitamins, and even a mother's abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy. That's because eugenic, as it was originally defined, means 'well-born' and so could apply to any action intended to lead to the birth of a healthy child. Our current, looser interpretation of the term reflects beliefs and practices that emerged in the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century and that were aimed at improving the genetic qualities of the entire population by encouraging breeding between people with desirable characteristics and discouraging or preventing reproduction by people who were deemed undesirable."
; Doudna, J. - Sternberg, S.: A Crack in Creation. The New Power to Control Evolution (2017; p. 232-3, 233-4.)
[...By the way; From selecting just this part of the text, compels us (,necessarily) for adding slight remark: Acc my opinion, the 'abstinence from alcohol during pregnancy' can't be identified in the same w. those other mentioned modern-day technologies. (Some that appear keenly eugenistic.) ...Because from, practically obviously: That abstinence being merely just some common sense.
; ...Also, we'd probably, otherways find it for quite as logical including into same 'historical eugenisms', as well, fx, any (imaginable) prehistoric 'momma' smoking cannabis and practising some herbal medicinery to oneself. - I mean, there's difference between a 'targeted' effect and 'co-effect'. Quite as notable, indeed, then is that the words often carry the meaning and contents beyond their most apparent interpretations from. (Consequently, at least what comes for the social context of this, we actually can't exclude the noted more notorious chapters for human eugenistic practices, of the past. At least, that shall remain present at some level of a 'connotation'.) ; Quite as recognizable, from this example, also that the line 'in between' easily gets...from 'blurred'.]

"If you wanna know a secret, you got to promise not to tell.
...If you want to see an angel, you got to find it where it fell."
Ozark Mountain Daredevils ('If you wanna get to heaven')

"The [degrowth-] scenario only becomes feasible through a process of democratisation whereby the interests of the majority of humanity, including future generations, will begin guiding the behaviour of the elites. When this happens [...] the advantages of sustainable living will appear as an attractive option." ; on Sustainable Futures - Replacing Growth Imperative and Hierarchies with Sustainable ways (ed. Ulvila-Paananen)

"Our understanding of the Earth we inhabit is undergoing a radical change. [...]

This new conception of the Earth System is inconsistent with the understanding of a nature victimized and colonized by humans that has emerged since the 1960s. It is an understanding captured in phrases from the 1990s like 'the end of the nature,' 'nothing but us' and 'the Earth's cry for rescue,' and morphing into more recent renderings like 'a humanized Earth,' 'the kind of nature we wish to have,' 'Nature no longer exists apart from humanity,' and 'It is our choice what happens here,' Whether the mood is one of lament or triumph, in all of these expressions nature is our victim or servant.

Yet Earth System science now tells us that, rather than dying, nature as the Earth System has in fact come alive or (perhaps a better metaphor) is waking from its slumber. It's true that wherever we look we see human influence, but at the same time we see stirring an 'angry,' 'ornery,' 'vengeful' Earth that is more detached from us than it has been for 10,000 years. Contrary to the comforting expectation that in the Anthropocene we can have 'the kind of nature we wish for have,' as we enter the new epoch we will meet an Earth that is further and further from the Earth we might want. And against the belief that 'the world we will inhabit is the one we have made,' the world we will have to live with is the Earth we have turned against us.

In other words, ... This all follows from the primary fact that Anthropocene is a rupture, whereas all of these views about the death of nature and so on do not recognize that a rupture has occurred but write as if there is continuity, a continuous process of human colonization going back thousands of years, albeit one that has intensified in recent decade." ; "...Nature is no longer (as Pope Francis writes) 'a magnificent book in which God speaks to us and grants us a glimpse of his infinite beauty and goodness', but a grim report in which scientists speak to us and grant us a glimpse of disrupted natural patterns and a chaotic climate. Or perhaps it is more accurate to say that it is both, a sublime Earth that presents itself to us as beautiful when becalmed and terrifying when enraged, an intimate planet and an alien one, Mother and Other."
(Hamilton, Clive) ; Defiant Earth. The Fate of Humans in the Anthropocene (2017 ; 47-8, 48-9.)
[...Much as I agree on large part that previous (,that Hamilton), finding it lot less argumentable that a humanity would appear had made to itself for so much lasting, distinguishable, 'significant' imprint on an Earthly history - Even when considering that geostratigraphic 'markings' from that then, already, are to so apparent.
After all, at least such a claim, it then must also owe itself to as much for the faults in the conception - Some generated by this 'present' science, faults that I think logical trace for the histories 'till well recent, in that science, esp. Or, to the histories how that came for emergence to a 'dominative view' - and therefore (,at least partly) responsible to the caused present harm. ...I don't either find it for any 'existential defeatism' if one would, fx, little plays w. that (nowadays often remarked) enthreatening scenario about a future of the Earth 'devoid of humans'. Present-day problems considering, only seems perfectly sensical imagine smght like. And if we think it somehow necessary take in uses the name for such period, Anthropocene, ...feels it quite as logical imagine that such period ultimately would have to have it's end too. (Another 200 thousand years; only 10 000 years; a hundred years...)

; Likewise, I'm not at all so sure that it to correct estimate, when it stated (that Hamilton, p 115.): "If in a hundred million years' time an alien civilization writes the history of the Universe, the Earth will be known as the Planet of the Humans." (Sounds all too much for plainest 'science-faiths', on my any finding...) ]

"It's a perverse company you work for
They build the past
It just can't last
It's obsolete by design"
Buffy Sainte-Marie
(Coincidence and Likely Stories)

"...The National Academy of Sciences estimates that between 1,700 and and 1,850 billion tons of carbon is trapped in the permafrost, which is more carbon than is present in the Earth's atmosphere and all vegetation combined. But Max Holmes, who studies the permafrost's carbon contents, tells me the deposits are little close to 1,500 billion tons. ..."
; "...Holmes says, 'It is something I worry about. I wouldn't use the term 'doomsday', but I certainly imagine carbon from permafrost making it a whole lot harder for us to get a handle on stuff. I mean, right now, humans are putting 9 billion tons of carbon into the atmosphere each year, mainly from fossil fuel combustion, secondarily from tropical deforestation. Both of those things, if we really put our mind to it, we could stop or slow. But with the permafrost, once it starts thawing, it's not directly under our control, and I think that's quite likely to start happening."
;
"Gene drive [ital. added] may sound like a solid solution to wiping out vector-borne diseases and even some invasive species, but it could have serious adverse effects. For starters, once a gene is driven into population, its effects could be hard to or even impossible to reverse. What if the gene that is programmed to be inherited with almost absolute certainty somehow spread beyond its bounds, wiping out gene pools that it wasn't meant to?
[Stewart Brand]...Referring to the birds of the Hawaiian archipelago that were rendered extinct by avian malaria, he tells me that bringing those birds back now might require intervention beyond the techniques used to get them back, creating an entirely new crop of ethical issues. 'Well, you're mucking around with the genes of these animals anyway, ' he tells me, 'and if you can bring back the Hawaiian 'ô'ô and we can tweak it so that it's not suspectible to avian malaria, is that okay?' ...If it were up him, he would 'tweak the damn birds,' but he recognizes that the uncertainties about unintended effects require a great deal of research before the technique is used."
(Britt Wray) ; Rise of the Necrofauna. The Science, Ethics, and Risks of De-Extinction. (2019; p. 114-5, 116.; 220-1.)

"All voting is a sort of gaming, like the checkers or
backgammon, with a slight moral tinge to it,
playing with right and wrong, with moral
questions; and betting naturally accompanies it."
Thoreau
(On the Duty of Civil Disobedience
- Orig. titled Resistance to Civil Government)

"[Wray - Asking V. Dooren]: What exactly do you mean by saying that we can keep 'faith with the dead' ?

"[Van Dooren]: Keeping faith with an extinct animal is about not resurrecting them; it's about making the difficult choice to learn from their extinction to mourn... and as a result change the way that we live. It is the attempt to not rush to overcome death and instead prevent it from happening again. Given the current context, as we're letting endangered species go extinct, resurrecting them doesn't represent the beginning of a new ethical relationship with them. It could just begin another phase of extinction for them." (; Wray, 2019 ; p. 243-4.)

“From at least 220 million years ago, the ancestors of all living mammals exploited the darkness. This has been named 'the nocturnal bottleneck' – a rather negative-sounding name for something quite extraordinary. Some scientists suggest this mammal night-time activity pattern could have lasted the entire Mesozoic, but there is no way to know for sure how varied their activity patterns really were; some species may have returned to being active during the day. In the modern world most mammals are still at their most active at night. ... [; Although - this also makes me wonder 'bout...that there too is several exhibiting the life-styles 'in-between'...The Squirrel at least seems be, principally, daily-active of course. Yet, fx the hares – and apparently resultant the Fox(es), perhaps, from following their main prey – seem be active both at day, and night. (Although by the day clearly less...) - More generally, acc. the Wohlleben reasons to that are (at least partly) due because from a vast human activity – during by day. ; Anycase, both good reasons for to restrain of the further, (nowadays constant) increase in a human constructed night-time light...] [...]

Mammalian hearing is also a super-sense. There are species that detect sound at super-high and low frequencies, from the tiny conversation of rodents and pinpoint moth-detection of bats, to belly rumbles between savannah elephants and the ocean-spanning songs of lonely whales. None of this would be possible without the refinement of the mammal ear, a process we now know could only take place thanks to the miniaturisation of our Triassic ancestors.”,

“Perhaps the most intriguing venomous mammal alive today is the Solenodon. This creature can grow to nearly half a metre (22in) from nose to tail-tip, and looks like a shrew on steroids. It has a coat ranging from almost black to hay-yellow... They only live on the Islands of Cuba and Hispaniola, and represent one of the oldest branches of the modern placental mammals still alive today, having diverged from the rest around 70 million years ago in the Cretaceous. Exactly when they diverged, and how they reached the only two islands they now call home, is still a matter of debate. They may have been carried there across the sea on a raft of vegetation, or reached it when the islands were connected to the mainland. ...
[...]
If they manage to survive being hunted, we think of small mammals as living fast and dying young. ... But recent research suggests this wasn't the case for the very first mammals.” : (Elsa Panciroli) ; Beasts Before Us : The Untold Story of Mammal Origins and Evolution (2020; p. 164-5, 168-9.)

"Insects were the evolutionary Wright brothers, and... Birds and bats are the only powered flyers among modern tetrapods. ...the origin of bats remains a mystery. The first bat fossils are about 52 million years old; they were already able to echolocate and were 100 per cent batty in form. Hopefully one day someone will find a proto-bat, and the mystery of their evolution will become clear." - (Panciroli) ; (footnote, on p.217.) ...Indeed. - Or, at least a (very) quick glance on a net for that, seems affirm (to me) that still 'by this day' (20.11.21) was no newer 'evidence' discovered(...perhaps). ; Acc. Wikip. (on bats flight, ao...) there's that : "...A 2020 study proposed that flight in bats might have originated independently at least three times..." ; And, acc. the Smithsonian-article, on a present year (...'app.') : "...of the better-preserved specimens...scientists know that the first bats couldn't echolocate [?]." ; Whatever the case (, specifically from to that) - No question, a following (on it) araises more my interest, fromafter these few 'glances' only: "...bones of...[some] earliest know bats are...as thin as a human hair. The only reason we know about these bats is that they lived around lakes that favored exceptional preservation,..." ; So...indeed interesting.

"...With the number of days on Earth over 35 Celsius (95 Fahrenheit) expected to triple in the coming decades, hyperthermia [ie; overheating from the body - in direct contrast to a (currently) more familiar opposite term, hypothermia] , is a real danger not just to humans, but to all animals.", "...A study published in 2020 looking at the distribution of mammals since the 1970s found that declines in range correlated with large body mass, increased air temperature, loss of habitat and high density of humans. ..."
; "Habitat destruction is the most insidious driver for extinction. [italics to these added - by us.] ...Our use of land for agriculture is the major driver of biodiversity collapse, as we try to feed 7.8 billion people and more each year. Around 70 per cent of that agriculture is related to meat production, which also gobbles vast volumes of water and grain. This is part of the reason that becoming vegetarian...one of most powerful ways an individual can act to save the world. Around 60 per cent of all mammals alive today are kept by humans for food. There are over 1.4 billion cows, 1.8 billion sheep and goats and 980 million pigs, which alongside humans account for 34 per cent of all mammals on Earth. Our pet cats total 600 million, our dogs 470 million. Wild mammals, meanwhile, now represent only 4 per cent of all mammals alive today." ; "We are a walking disaster taxon. ..."; (Panciroli ; p. 293, 294; 295, 296; 297.)

"The knowledge of an effect depends on,
and involves,
the knowledge of the cause."
Baruch Spinoza (Ethics)
- Cited via Phemister (2006), The Rationalists. Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz.

"... This thoroughness is what makes gene drives so powerful - and so alarming. It's been estimated that, had a fruit fly escaped the San Diego lab during the first gene drive experiments, it would have spread genes encoding CRISPR, along with the yellow-body trait, to between 20 and 50 percent of all fruit flies worldwide.
Scientists pursuing CRISPR gene drives have been outspoken about the need to carefully weigh the risks before conducting further experiments and about the importance of developing guidelines that ensure future research proceeds safely. Perhaps the most obvious safeguard to prevent accidentally unleashing a gene drive into the world is stringent containment, such as physical barriers separating organisms from the environment and ecological barriers between the animal's habitable range and the geographical location of the laboratory. ...scientists have proposed a variety of strategies that could theoretically inactivate gene drives that run amok. One of these is the so-called reversal drive, a gene drive that essentially functions as an antidote by overwriting any changes in the genome created by the original gene drive.
Even with the most cautious experimental design and planning, we can't predict all of the environmental effects that a gene drive might have, and we can't completely eliminate the possibility of a gene drive getting out of control and disrupting an ecosystems's delicate balance. ...

There's also no way to guarantee that this incredibly powerful tool won't wind up in the hands of people who have no compunction about using gene drives to cause harm - and who may, indeed, be attracted to them for exactly that purpose. The ETC group, a bio tech watchdog organization, worries that gene drives - what they call 'gene bombs' - could be militarized and weaponized to target the human microbiome or major food sources." (; Doudna - Sternberg, 2017 ; 151-2. [emphz added].)

"There are great, frowning precipices and much falling water, and the Nature seems have sometime held here her carnival."
-Memorandum by Abraham Van Helsing
(From Bram Stoker's Dracula, 1891)

"There's no greater a feeling."
- Crow-Goddess
From Sorceress, by Michael Scott (2009)

"... Another prominent African American leader before the Civil War, Martin R. Delany, struggled even more than Douglas to find his political footing after the war. Like Brown, Delany went South, but his vision to reconstruct the South met with considerable resistance. ... '... Without realising it he took a class position that soon put him at odds with large number of blacks.' Later, Delany would campaign for southern Democrats, unaware that 'being Democrat meant even more being pro-Confederate and pro-planter in the low country; it meant being a scab as well.' Delany met with angry crowds of blacks who 'beat their drums and refused to listen to what they called a damned nigger Democrat,' hardly the title Delany had worked for when he spoke years earlier of a nation within a nation." ;
"It is, indeed, difficult to locate a stable center by which African American history and identity can be located in the last few decades of the nineteenth century. It was a time of extensive mobility and new modes of white supremacist containment, a time when people found themselves or placed themselves in significant new locales, ... Many African Americans who were prominent leaders before the Civil War found themselves, like Douglas and Delany, facing the challenge of a new political landscape and undefined public roles. ...African Americans were reminded again and again that they lived in a culture characterized by 'terror, organized and random.' Perhaps the most pressingly continuous narrative connecting past to present was the reappearancce of systemic slavery and racial oppression in new forms, and this time without a clear center, legalized slavery, for rallying the cooperation of white allies. When the Supreme Court's ruling in Unites States v. Stanley helped to facilitate the proliferation of Jim Crow laws, Douglas observed, 'It is the old spirit of slavery, and nothing else.' Many others agreed, and some, like Brown, realized this spirit would haunt any attempt to represent black life and thought."
- From 'Introduction' (John Ernest; 2011 ed.)
at William Wells Brown's My Southern Home,
or, The South and it's People (xxxix-xl ; xli.)

"So when I hear scientists say, 'The data speak for themselves', I cringe. Data never speak. And data generally and most often are politically and socially inflected."
(From a blog-post/writing viewed in passing...)

"...that's about (estimated) 160 000 litres oil
consumed in the world on each second..."
- Excert from a BBC-Document,
(emphasis added)

"It was inevitable that these issues would come up in cabinet discussions. Churchill's ministers had met on numerous occasions to review various aspects of their ongoing war in Kenya and specifically addressed issues related to detention without trial and forced labor. In one meeting in February of 1954, for example, the cabinet minutes recorded that Churchill and his men realized, 'This course [i.e., detention without trial and forced labor] had been recommended despite the fact that it was thought to involve a technical breach of the Forced Labour Convention of 1930 and of the Convention of Human Rights adopted by Council of Europe. ' They then went on to recommend finding legal-appearing means for circumventing the constraints of these treaties. Nearly a year later Churchill's cabinet would discuss the public relations problems caused by the blanket amnesty, ultimately agreeing to it despite its implications.

That insiders in both official and unofficial circles knew about British crimes in Kenya was an open secret, as a 1953 row between Churchill and Lady Mountbatten would illustrate. ...

As charge after charge was leveled at the colonial government, neither of the colonial secretaries nor Governor Baring nor Churchill nor his successors Anthony Eden and Harold MacMillan ever wavered from their course. ...But there were alternatives. In retrospekt, the most obvious was immediate decolonization. At any point Britain's prime minister and colonial secretary could have put an end to the violence by pulling out of the colony altogether and granting Kenya its independence. ...Officials in the British colonial government also believed they were fighting a moral war for Western civilization over the forces of dark savagery. There would be no contemplation of an imperial retreat from Kenya before Mau Mau had been crushed. In their minds, the colony had to be rendered governable, if only to protect the long-term British interests. Yet, paradoxically, Britain's very presence in Kenya and the brutality of its forces were the real root of the turmoil. Withdrawing was never considered, though, at least not until the end of the Emergency when Mau Mau had been destroyed and with it much of the Kikuyu population. Even then, there were colonial officials, particularly in Kenya, who believed the colony would remain part of the Empire for at least another generation."

"There are demographic figures. The British colonial government undertook a census of the Africans in Kenya in 1948 and 1962, years on either side of the Emergency. The population figures reveal that the growth rate of the Kikuyu was notably below that of the neighbouring Kamba, Luo, and Luhya populations, something that should not have been the case. ...adjusted using growth rates comparable to other Africans, we find that somewhere between 130,000 and 300,000 Kikuyu are unaccounted for. I believe the lower growth rate was likely to two factors: actual deaths and a slower birth rate due lower female fertility. ...malnourishment, disease, miscarriage, the absence of regular male partners, and the psychological stress resulting from war trauma, ...at the very least it is safe to assume that the official figure of some eleven thousand Mau Mau killed is implausible given all that has been uncovered." ;
"...The version of history for which I found little corroborating evidence is that which depicts camps as a benign system, and colonial officials, camp commandants, and guards as paternalistic reformers. In the official written record as well as in later interviews the testimonies of British colonial agents are littered with omissions, half-truths, and lies. ..."
(Elkins, Carolyn) : Britain's Gulag. The Brutal end of Empire in Kenya. (2005 ; p. 304-5., 366 ; 374.)

"There is questions that demand an answer and there is answers that don't grant much weight on question."
(Aphorism from/via W.I.T.C.H.)

"We are all censors at heart. If I don't tell her the internet surely will." - Suzanne Moore
(From column at Guardian)

"Though the song of the nightingale is admittedly impressive, I personally think that you cannot better the song of a blackbird on an early spring morning." (; p. 215, fn no 53.)
...If ever havin had the luck for hearing blackbird sing, one might readily agree - It sounds, indeed, very peculiar, is even exceptional. (...from any other birds.) ; Besides, the males let one surprisingly close, at least those adapted for 'urbanized' land. ; 'Though, noticing those bird to have quite plenty sounds and melodies from, I'm not sure if the bird even uses just those same 'tunes' in during the night-time.

; "There is a fascinating website, farmsubsidy.org, which tells you exactly how much subcidy every 'farmer' in the EU gets each year. You'll be perplexed to hear that the sugar producers Tate & Lyle are the biggest UK recipient, having received no less than £594,270,084 of 'farming subsidy' over the last fifteen years (yes, that is the correct number of digits). They don't actually do any farming whatsoever - they simply buy sugar cane from tropical countries and process it into refined sugar. We also give similar astronomic sums to companies who grow and process suger beet, a crop that is grown in intensive monocultures with the application of many pesticides, all to produce a substance that is fundamentally bad for us, ... Perhaps this is not the wisest expenditure of the taxpayers' money." (; p. 216, fn no 55.)
- From (Goulson, Dave) : Bee Quest. In search of Rare Bees. (2017 - pgns at citates.)

"Scientists once tried to build a sealed living world - nicknamed Biosphere 2 - from scratch in a big greenhouse in the Arizona desert. They failed."
Mark Lynas
(Six Degrees. Our future on a hotter planet)

"Knepp is a wonderful example of what can happen if we just stop. Stop doing anything at all - stop trying to conserve, stop trying to interfere, stop trying to manage - just let the nature catch up, absorb the changes that went before, and then do its own thing. Who knows what will happen next at Knepp, what new species will arrive? What will it look like in a year, a decade, a hundred years? The truth is that we really don't know, we cannot anticipate - and although I am a scientist, and it is my job to seek to understand and predict these things, I rather like that." ; (Goulson 2017 ; p. 219.)

"Efficiency could reduce consumption, but humanity has a poor track record of doing so."
Rex Weyler
(Why De-Growth? - A post on Deep Green-blog)

"The fruits do not yield their true flavor to the purchaser of them, nor to him who raises them for the market. There is but one way to obtain it, yet few take that way [...] It is a vulgar error suppose that you have tasted huckleberries who never plucked them. A huckleberry never reaches Boston; they have not been known there since they grew on the three hills."
Thoreau
(Walden, or Life in the Woods, 1852)

"Demi-Fools, carried away by the revolution that is changing everything in France, began twenty years ago to allow that women are capable of something. But they must give themselves up to occupations becoming their sex: educate flowers, make friendships with the birds, and pick up plants. These are called innocent amusements.
...
All such reasoning can be reduced to this: a man likes to be able to say of his slave: 'Shes too big a fool to be a knave.'"

; "...Nevertheless love is only a passion in so far as it makes one forget one's self-love. Thus they do not completely know love, these women, who like Léonore, ask of it the pleasures of pride. Unconsciously, they are on the same level as the prosaic man, the object of their contempt, who in love seeks love plus vanity. And they too, they want love and pride; but love goes with the flaming cheeks; [...] is the proudest of all despots; [...] will be all or nothing." - Stendhal ; On Love [De L'Amour]
(Chpt 55, 'Objections to the Education of Women'
; Chpt 59, footnote no 1.)

"When at strange places it's better keep your own books along."
(From Tintenblut by Cornelia Funke)

"...It was decided that a squadron of twelve Hawker Hurricanes could indeed be spared - a generous gesture on the face of it, given the possible imminent pressure on the Western Front, but not entirely. ...These aircraft were not a gift, however, they were sold - under protest from the Air Staff - at an eye-watering £9,000 apiece. ...

...[later]Chamberlain was remembering [that] with advantage. The Finns bought, and were to buy, almost everything. And, further, like the deliberations on intervention itself, which was now at the forefront of British foreign policy, there was absolutely no sense of urgency involved in supply, a matter that had already vexed Gripenberg hugely. This was not aid, it was, in effect, business. ...
The Hurricane squadron, uncomfortably decorated with their hakaristi markings, were prepared and sent in convoy in late February. They would arrive in theatre in the very last few days of the war."

; "Given that the political-military model for the Red Army was essentially industrial - the Red Army as a great khaki factory - some allowance was now made for the essential difference between an industrial worker and a soldier, or a factory manager and an officer - in effect upgrading the status of the soldier as opposed to the worker who was not risking his life. This would develop further after the war." ; (Edwards, Robert): White Death. Russia's War on Finland, 1939-40 (2006; p. 221-2, 231., italics Edwards'.)

"Late twentieth-century humans played dice as never before with the systems that support life."
Hughes, J. Donald
- An Environmental History of the World. Humankind's Changing role in the Community of Life (2001 - emphz, added.)

"..., very intense radioactivity with long-lived isotopes had been allowed to accumulate beneath the cointainment, and the continued operation of the facility did not make economic sense. On the basis of the preliminary data, the cost of the cleanup was estimated at $40 million. [fn., 'The cleanup at Chernobyl cost 8 billion rubles'] The reactor was shut down for a long time. A commission was set up to inquire into the causes of the accident." ...Such as noted - the referred accident (,on preced.) not later one at Chernobyl - But of the US Three Mile Island, on 28.3.1979.
;
"The reader may find it useful to know that the only way to control nuclear reactor is by controlling the proportion of slow neutrons, designated by the Greek letter [here simply: b](beta). The nuclear safety rules stipulate that the power of nuclear reactor may be safely increased at a rate of 0.0065 effective b per second. Once the proportion of slow neutrons rises to 0.5 b, a prompt neutron power surge begins."
;
"...The radiometer ran 500 roentgens per hour. As they opened the door, they felt a surge of heat from below; it was carrying radioactive gas, ionized neutrons and gamma rays. No one was wearing a respirator, nor was helicopter protected underneath by lead plating. This was added later, after hundreds of tons of sand had already been dumped. The crew looked out of the open door and, staring down into the nuclear volcano and aiming with the naked eye, dropped the bag. And countless bags thereafter. There was no other way to do it.
...At an altitude of 360 feet (110 m) radioactivity rose to 1,800 roentgens per hour after the bags had been dropped. The pilots were taken ill in the air.
... All of that ['fission fragments and radioactive ash from burnt graphite'] ended up in people's lungs. Uranium and plutonium salts had to be flushed from the blood of these heroes for several months, in fact, they had to have their blood replaced several times. "
;
"I should like to finish this chronicle by quoting a distinguished Soviet scientist, a member of the Soviet Academy of Medical Science and a major specialist on leukemia, Andrei Ivanovich Vorobyov. Here are his comments on the Chernobyl tragedy:
'[citate:] You can imagine what would happen to the planet if nuclear power stations were bombed, even with conventional warheads, with no nuclear charges. The mere thought of mankind existing in such a mutilated state is surely intolerable to any civilized person. It seems to me that after this accident mankind must abandon its medieval mentality.
...' "
; (Medvedev, Grigori) : The Truth About Chernobyl (1991[1989] ; p. 15; 60; 194; 266-7. - ...Medvedev's book seems, now from read, quite much reflect impressions, or say, the felt anxieties from soon after that tragedy. (And the state of the world, by then. How incomprehensible was the general global shock, how it've felt by the timing. The text seems dated to 1987, almost exactly the year after accident. However, year of publication seems by -89.)
; But simpliest, most in the description feels still well knowings worth. (Like the remark that resulted could've lead even for worse disasters, had the operators not been able extinguish fires from the turbine hall and the devastation spread for other reactor units of the plant.) ; Or, on how devastatingly everywhere the radioactive contamination was soon found to spreading, fx; '...all those cars and other vehicles would have to be buried, because a month or two of operations in this area would suffice to fill the interior of each with as much as 5 roentgens per hour or even more' (p. 222.)

"Improvement makes straight roads, but the crooked roads (without improvement), are the roads of Genius."
William Blake
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell
- (Cited) via R.L.Stevenson's Roads (1873)

"Gorbatchev's first reaction was to ask how the explosion could have happened. 'After all, the scientists had always assured, the countrys leaders, that the reactor was absolutely safe,' he recalled. 'Academician Aleksandrov said, for example, that an RBMK reactor could be installed even on Red Square, since it was no more dangerous than a samovar.' "
;
"In the fall of 1987, ...

The first village in the Narodychi district that Yaroshinskaya visited...was under constant radioactive monitoring. The local school was closed when radiation levels in the building exceeded 1.5 rem per hour. But the authorities kept their construction program going, expecting people to keep living there. The workers...were tiring easily and developing headaches. They were paid supplements of thirty rubles per month, allegedly for better nutrition. The workers called it 'coffin money.' Neither they nor the locals could tell why a new kindergarten was being built in the radiation-affected village, where there were hardly any children. A new bathhouse was also going up, apparently to make it easier for the locals to cleanse themselves of radioactive dust.

Yaroshinskaya was appalled. ...The situation was the same in all of them [villages, in that region]: there was new construction, and radiation levels were being kept secrect, endangering the health of both the locals and the evacuees who were being resettled there from the exclusion zone. ...80 percent of the children in the region had enlarged thyroid glands - a sign of abnormally high levels of radiation exposure. ..."
;
"In September 1988, the month in which Adamovich's article was published, Yurii Shcherbak brought a small group of filmmakers to Narodychi , the subject of Yaroshinskaya's utmost concern. The documentary film produced with his help showed calves born without eyes and with other deformations caused by high radiation levels at local farms - in one case, levels 150 times those of the city of Kyiv. Over the course of the year after the accident, sixty-four deformed animals were born at that particular farm, compared to three during the previous five-year period. But the twenty-minute documentary would not be shown... ...The authorities were still doing their best to keep the truth under wraps, but their monopoly on information was crumbling.

In the late summer of 1988, ..."
; (Plokhy, Serhii) Chernobyl. History of a Tragedy (; p 121, 308-9, 311. )

"The factory farm , which allows ranchers to make sickly animals highly profitable through the use of antibiotics, other pharmaneuticals, and controlled confinement, has created new, sometimes monstrous creatures."
Jonathan Safran Foer
Eating Animals (2000s)

"International diplomats stonewalled and blocked Chernobyl research because leaders of the big nuclear powers had already exposed millions of peoples to dangerous radioactive isotopes during the Cold War in producing and testing nuclear weapons. Awakening to this fact in the 1990s, Americans and Europeans were taking their governments to court. In this global context, Chernobyl wasn't the largest nuclear emergency in human history. It was just a waving of red flag pointing to other disasters hidden by Cold War national security regimes."

; "Nadia's hunch was correct. Nuclear bomb target maps suggest that distance is the main factor in nuclear accidents, but radioactive fallout from the smoking reactor swept along in a patchwork fashion. Rain laced with fallout fell on April 27 on several regions of northern Ukraine and southern Belarus. The day before, these regions had normal background levels of contamination. Of the ...people who left Pripyat the day after the accident, most were resettled to two regions that registered levels of contamination greater than Pripyat by the time they got there.
An employee at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant, Nadia knew she had been dropped in a place extrem
ely ill-equipped to protect against radioactivity. ...
Nadia shot me a look. 'I decided we better get out of there.' ..."
; "...Citing a 1980 pollution law, Chekherev did something no one had done at the wool factory in Chernihiv. He issued a stop work order, shutting down the tannery and holding up the processing of 19,000 hides. He refused to let the cleaned skins leave the factory. ...
...Experts in Moscow had drawn up a plan that called for warehousing the hides for several months so that the most powerful , short-lived isotopes decayed and the processing the leather in extra baths of water of water and chromium. ...Radioactive isotopes can only be moved from one place to another, while they decay on their own schedule. The cleaner the leather emerged from the factory, the dirtier the water flowed from the factory's drainpipes."
;
"...It didn't take many curies of radioactivity in the soil for it to show up in the food chain. Scientists had known that for decades. ..."
;
"...The results were more than predictable. In Gomel and Mogilev provinces, meat and milk in 1987 were more radioactive than in 1986, hotter again in 1988. It took about fifteen curies per square kilometer for nearly all the milk be over permissible levels. Mushrooms, meat, and wild boar also become more, not less, contaminated in subsequent years. The same dynamic played out in Ukraine. Even in 'clean' areas, 30-90 percent of milk came in hotter than permissible. 'Despite restrictions,' a regulator wrote, 'most of this produce is consumed by the population. The rest is given over to the state for sale.' The too-radioactive food slipped into the food chain. It traveled widely to large cities and towns. Sometimes farmers in contaminated areas purchased clean food that was delivered to them but then sold their homemade radioactive produce in neighbouring communities where no one was checking for radiation. ...
...Why in 1990 were people still living in areas measuring over a hundred curies of cesium-137 per square kilometer? Why write up orders if lower-level managers had no choice but to disregard them?
There are several answers to these questions, none of them very satisfying. ... "
(Kate Brown) ; Manual for survival. A Chernobyl Guide to the Future. (; p. 5; 27; 95-6; 114; 115.)

"...Frodo learned now enough to content him,
indeed more than enough,
for it was not comfortable lore.
Tom's words laid bare the hearts of trees and their thoughts,
which were often dark and strange, and filled with a hatred
of things that go free upon the Earth, gnawing, biting, breaking, hacking, burning: destroyers and usurpers."
Tolkien
The Fellowship of the Ring

"One road was paved with gold,
one road is just a road."
Patti Smith
('My blakean year')

"Just as humanity did at the time
of our Agricultural Revolution,
the ants independently invented the town."
R.Dawkins
Ancestor's Tale (2004)
(The Leaf's Cutters tale)

"...From the particles, Lozytska deduced that the reactor did not blow up from a steam or chemical explosion, as Soviet authorities asserted. Rather, she determined there had been a localized nuclear blast in a thin layer of fissionable materials. Only a nuclear detonation would release the spectrum of radionuclides, she reasoned, that she found in the hot particles. Lozytska typed up her findings, but she could neither publish nor speak about them until the dissolution of the USSR in 1991. ...
[...] Still tracking the story in 2000, De Geer learned that Russian scientists in the town of Cherepovets, a thousand kilometers from the Chernobyl plant, had detecked Chernobyl-issued xenon isotopes in the days following the accident. That evidence astounded him. It showed a mysterious deviation from the known path of fallout. De Geer calculated that only a jet of radioactive gases ascending three kilometers into the air could have delivered xenon isotopes as far as Cheropovets. No steam explosion could send gases that high. De Geer computed that a nuclear explosion occurred in a part of the reactor where a two-meter thick steel floor had vaporized in heat so tremendous that only a nuclear explosion could generate it. De Geer published his article in November 2017, resolving a dispute that had quietly played out for decades. ..."

; "Looking back on it now, it is clear that Soviet officials staged the Kyiv conference on Chernobyl health effects to drum support for a change of course. They were growing weary of the Chernobyl accident. ...At the Kyiv meeting, public officials presented their results to an international audience who they hoped would endorse their view that the Chernobyl chapter had closed.
[...]
Most of the American delegates to the Kyiv conference depended on funds from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), which was in charge of producing the American nuclear arsenal. At the time, worrisom reports had leaked out about how DOE scientists had exposed thousands of people in secret experiments during the first decades of the Cold War. Lusbaugh supervised a clinic at the Oak Ridge Associated Universities, where researchers covertly placed radioactive cesium and cobalt in the walls of hotel-like rooms and irradiated over two hundred patients who were suffering from leukemia, lymphoma, arthritis, and other ailments. After patients died, Lusbaugh carefully autopsied them. Lusbaugh was not alone. Curious about the properties of radiation, American scientists during the Cold War sprayed neighborhoods with deadly radioactive material, injected and fed Americans radioactive substances, and zapped prisoners with neutron rays. They carried out human radiation experiments with nearly every kind of American: whites, blacks, Latinos, children, pregnant women, patients, wards of hospitals, prisoners, students, scientists and soldiers. The researchers functioned behind a wall of secrecy and with generous public funding. ...
In the mid-seventies, the secrecy, funding and power began to deteriorate. Victims requested the release of records and sued for reparations. ...

[...] The career trajectories of the foreign scientists at the Kyiv conference suggested that they would not ask uncomfortable questions or raise objections. Though there is no reason to doubt the sincerity of their scientific opinions, these men had a pointed interest, given their past and the tarnished legacies of the agencies they represented, in endorsing the view that radioactivity in any but high doses causes no harm. For the officials who had carefully curated the image of nuclear safety, the conference was an opportunity arising at an especially tense moment. If Soviet scientists could prove that large-scale exposures to 'low' doses of Chernobyl radiation harmed only a few dozen firemen, then they could show that even the worst nuclear accident in human history had no effect on human health. And if that were true, then the fallout from nuclear testing, the weeping radioactive waste from bomb factories, the civilian reactors that daily emitted radioactivity, the widespread use of radiation in medical treatments, and the exposed bodies of workers, patients, and innocent bystanders in secret medical tests could be forgotten. ..."
;

"...Sixty-six nuclear accidents occurred in Ukraine alone in the year after Chernobyl blew. More nuclear mishaps transpired after the Soviet Union collapsed, including the fires in the Red Forest in 2017.
Calling Chernobyl an 'accident' is a broom that sweeps away the larger story. Conceiving the events that contaminated the Pripyat Marshes as discrete occurrences blurs the fact that they are connected. Instead of an accident, Chernobyl might better be conceived of as an acceleration on a time line of destruction or as an exclamation point in a chain of toxic exposures that restricted the landscape, bodies, and politics. ..."
; (Brown) - p. 147-8; 149-150, 151, 152-3. ; 142.

"... In part because of the tremendous physical computing power and human expertise that resulted from nuclear weapons research, informatics development in the U.S. Human Genome Project began under the auspices of GenBank at the U.S. National Laboratories at Los Alamos, New Mexico. It was there also that the expertise and machines existed that built the matrix for the flourishing of artificial-life research at the nearby Santa Fe Institute.
A database is an information structure. Computer programs are the habitats of information structures, and an organism's genome is a kind of nature park among databases. Just as racial hygiene and eugenics were committed to science and progress, and populationist doctrines of the human universals were unambiguously on the side of development and future, the genome is allied with all that is up-to-the-minute. Yet something peculiar happened to the stable, family-loving, Mendelian gene when it passed into a database, where it has more in common with LANDSAT photographs, Geographical Information Systems, international seed banks, and the World Bank than with T. H. Morgan's fruit flies at Columbia University in the 1910s or UNESCO's populations in the 1950s. Banking and mapping seem to be the name of the genetic game at a accelerating pace since the 1970s, in the corporatization of biology to make it fit for the New World Order, Inc. If the modern synthesis, ideologically speaking, tended to make everyone his brother's keeper, then, in its version of kin selection and inclusive fitness maximization strategies, the sociobiological synthesis runs to making everyone his or her sibling's banker.
Biotechnology in the service of corporate profit is a revolutionary force for remaking the inhabitants of planet Earth, from viruses and bacteria right up the now repudiated chain of being to Homo sapiens and beyond. ..."
;
"...Pursuing the symptomatic logic of this essay, my technique is resolute overreading. I know no better strategy to deal with the vermin-infested normality of rational discourse. Just state the obvious. Say what should not be said.
Du Pont's wonderful advertisement for OncoMouse [tm], the first patented animal in the world, in Science magazine in 1989-90 provides my first text. OncoMouse[tm] contains a cancer-causing bit of DNA, called an oncogene, derived from the genome of another creature and implanted by means of genetic engineering techniques. A model for breast cancer research, the redesigned rodent is like a machine tool in the workshops for the production of knowledge. OncoMouse[tm] is transgenic animal, whose scene of evolution is the laboratory. ...For that very reason, the mouse has been at the center of controversy since its production. ...What interests me here, however, are the stories that are crusted like barnacles onto the striking advertising image."
(Donna Haraway) - 'Universal Donors in a Vampire Culture; It's all in the Family: Biological kinship categories in the Twentieth-Century United States', on
Uncommon Ground. Toward Reinventing Nature (1995 ; p. 349; 356. - italics: Haraway's.)

"(The) Genius loci... is."
M-S jones)

"These standardised reports were unlike anything I've ever seen. One chart showed that in hard-hit regions of Gomel Province, the populations had dropped in half between 1985 and 1987. Poof, in one region 15,000 people had voluntarily relocated. That was bad, but what sent a chill down my spine was the text under the chart: 'As apparent from thetable above, considerable demographic and migratory changes in the structure of the population have not occurred in Krasnopole Region.'
What? How could the author determine there were no demographic changes when 50 percent of the residents were gone? I suppose the bureaucrats who filed that report never imagined it would be read. I found more documents that also unhitched facts from conclusions. An analysis of cerebral-vascular and neurological health in contaminated areas showed a tripling of illness between 1985 and 1988, but then, as if no count had ever been taken, the official concluded they had found 'no essential changes or a significant increase.'
[...]
Sovok is a lovingy derisive word for an unreflectingly loyal Soviet citizen, bound by ideology and lacking independent thought and action. It describes bureaucrats aimlessly filing contradictory documents between long coffee breaks, somnambulists going through motions. ..."
; "Seeking to calm the unruly public, Soviet minister of Health Evgeny Chanov called for backup. He asked the World Health Organization (WHO) to send a delegation of 'foreign experts' to assess the 350 mSv safe lifetime dose. Wasting no time, WHO officials put together a commission of physicists - not physicians - who were already on record minimizing the Chernobyl accident. ... [...]
After their whistle-stop tour, the WHO consultants came to the conclusion that any association between the reported rise in noncancerous diseases and Chernobyl fallout was a mistake of 'scientists who are not well versed in radiation.' They suggested instead that health problems were due to 'psychological factors and stress.' They wrote that 350 mSv 'would present only s small risk to health, comparable with other risks to human life.' Using as a baseline the findings of the Life Span Study of Japanese bomb survivors, ...The WHO consultants were proposing a threshold ten to fifteen times higher than the recommendation of IAEA and the International Committee for Radiation Protection.
[...]
The world's leading health agency's hasty assessment greatly disappointed Soviet green parties, citizens' groups and activists. The World Health Organization report was also an embarrassment for international science. ...",

"After Hiroshima, American propagandists glossed over the deaths and acute radiation illness suffered by Japanese bomb survivors. Soon after the war ended, Hollywood distributors sent MGM films Madame Curie to occupied Japan, a biopic about the first scientist to distill radium. The film shows the Curies in their ramshackle lab at the moment of discovery. In a soft-focus shot, Pierre Curie looks at the empty space behind Marie's shoulder and evokes the limitless metaphysical horizon. 'If we can prove the secret of this new element, then we can look into the secret of life.'
In 1953, ...President Dwight Eisenhower unveiled the 'Atoms for Peace' program, dedicated to using nuclear power for medicine and to generate electricity 'too cheap to meter'. ...
Soviet leaders gamely joined the race with Americans. In 1954, engineers plugged in the world's first nuclear power generating reactor in Obninsk, a closed city near Moscow. The reactor produced all of five megawatts for grid, but the propaganda value of juxtaposing the peaceful Soviet atom against the martial American A-bomb was immeasurable. ...
[...]
For Americans, selling the idea of nuclear power in Japan was not seamless. In 1954, the wind shifted during the Bravo test of a hydrogen bomb in the Bikini atoll and contaminated a Japanese fishing vessel, the Lucky Dragon, with a thick coating of black fallout. By the time the vessel reached port, the crew was suffering from radiation poisoning. Japanese panciked on learning that Lucky Dragon's radiation catch was making its way through the fish market. A few months later the antinuclear film Godzilla hit Japanese theaters. Nine million Japanese paid to see the sci-fi horror film depicting a deep-sea, prehistoric monster wakened by oceanic nuclear tests. The confused and angry beast pulverinized Japanese cities with his radiactive breath. As protests erupted in Japan against nuclear testing, Japanese and American leaders quickly settled in closed-door meetings on a deal to transfer U.S. nuclear designs and fission products to Japan. Among Japanese leaders, who were eager to secure an independent power source form industrial expansion, the choice between the two competing visions of nuclear power - that of Madame Curie and Godzilla- was easy. The antidote to nuclear fear was the beacon of nuclear power.
...The UN International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) started as a relatively toothless branch of international governance. It had no power to inspect or control the bomb-producing superpowers and could only regulate countries seeking to build nuclear reactors. ...",
"...Officers, especially, in nuclear navies, where sailors live in close proximity to submarine reactors, requently refer to 'hormesis,' the idea that exposure to radiation in small doses has favorable biological effects. Scientists tried for decades to prove this notion in studies. They poured lots of money into the endeavor to no avail.
The debate between scientists promoting hormesis and geneticists' warning that no dose is safe echoed in 1989 more loudly than ever before. ..."
;(Brown) - p. 184-5 ; 211-2, 218-220, 223.

"I'm a Duck. The Duck I am.
Da-da Da-Da, Duck.
(The Duck I am.)"
(W-G.)

"The Earth is loaded with plants and, nothing impedes their free development."
Alexander von Humboldt
(On Personal Narrative... ; 1799-1804).

"Of all the stops on the nuclear weapons assembly line, plutonium production is the dirtiest. Each kilogram of final product generates hundreds of thousands of gallons radioactive waste. In four decades of operation, the Hanaford plutonium plant near Richland and Mayak plant next to Ozersk each issued at least 200 million curies of radioactivity - twice what Chernobyl emitted - into the surrounding environment. The plants left behind hundreds of square miles of uninhabitable territory, contaminated rivers, spoiled fields and forests, and thousands of people claiming to be sick from the plants' radioactive effluence.
... Ozersk and Richland were government owned and managed by corporate bosses. Richland was unusual on the American landscape because it had no private property, no free market or local self-government. Ozersk was one of ten nuclear cities in the Soviet Union that existed secretly, off the map, behind fencing; every resident required a special pass to live there. Strangely, residents appeared to like these restrictive arrangements. ..."
;
"...Histories subdivided into 'science,' 'environment,' 'culture,' and 'architecture' also fail to unwrap the larger story of how scientific research, cultural currents, urbanization trends, territorial zoning, policy, and finance created the landscapes we call home at the same time they produced warheads, missiles, and defense budgets increasingly impossible to shoulder.
The nuclear weapons complexes created militarized landscapes that blossomed far beyond the immediate territories of the plutonium plants. In the American case, Tri-Cities boosters lobbied for and won highways, bridges, dams, schools, housing, and farm subsidies to ensure national security and self-sufficiency. These allocations also provided financial security for citizens who felt increasingly entitled as a result of Cold War promises of universal affluence. Across the militarized American terrain rolled multiple wars: the war on poverty, the war on drugs, the war on cancer, and the war on terror. ...
Taken as complex, the militarized landscape also helped produce health epidemics. In the United States from 1950 to 2001, the overall age-adjusted incidence of cancer increased by 85 percent. Childhood cancer, once a medical rarity, has become the most common disease killer of American children. Cancer rates are just the end of a continuum of American health problems that include diabetes, heart disease, asthma and obesity. These socio-cultural-economic problems written on the body are also etched across American communities, one-quarter of which are within four miles of a Superfund site filled with plastics, chemical solvents, pesticides, nuclear waste, and all the other unwanted detritus of consuming societies. This is the house plutonium built.
Russia scores no better. From 1960 to 1985, cancer rates in the Societ Union grew from 115 to 150 per 100,000 people. ..."
; Kate Brown : Plutopia. Nuclear Families, Atomic Cities, and the Great Soviet and American Plutonium Disasters, 2013 - p. 3-4 ('Introduction') ; 337.

"When politics, bereft of relevant stories, cannot connect with the lives of those it claims to represent, it contributes to the dominant condition of our age: alienation.
Alienation means many things. ..." ;

" 'Altering human nature' may sound frightening, in view of developments in the twentieth century. But all political movements, consciously or otherwise, attempt this. As Margaret Thatcher, who instinctively understood such matters, explained, 'Economics are the method; the object is to change the heart and soul.' What she was talking about, though she did not express it in these terms, was shifting people along their value spectrum. The likely impact of her policies was to promote extrinsic values at the expense of intrinsic values. The likely impact of the fellowship societies established in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was to draw people in the other direction.
There were similar initiatives in 'Red Vienna' after the First World War, in Spain before and during the Civil War, in the United States in the first half of the twentieth century, and among contemporary or recent movements such as Occupy, the Movimento Sem Tierra in Brazil, the Zapatistas in Mexico, Nuit Debord in France, the Indignados and Podemos in Spain, and the People's Science Movement in the Indian state of Kerala.
[...] It is striking, reviewing this history, to see that even organizations now viewed as highly statist understood the importance of reviving community life. ..."
(Monbiot) ; Out of the Wreckage. A New Politics for an Age of Crisis (2017; p. 54; 73-4.)

"Politicians indulge in the same sophistry about the love of liberty as philosophers about the state of nature. They judge, by what they see, of very different things, which they have not seen; and attribute to a man natural propensity to servitude, because the slaves within their observation are seen to bear the yoke with patience; they fail to reflect that it is with liberty as with innocence and virtue, the value is known only to those who possess them, and the taste for them is forfeited when they are forfeited themselves."
Rousseau
(Discourse on Inequality ; 1754).

"Some places have gone further: a neighbourhood in Suwon, a city in South Korea, widened the pavements, created 'pocket parks', then banned cars for a month. The local authority handed out bicycles and electric scooters (and taught people how to ride them). Cafes and restaurants spilled into the streets, and people began to connect in ways that were impossible before. Though cars were allowed back after the experiment, the community's attitude towards them had changed: the speed limit was cut by half, reducing the number of vehicles passing through, and street parking was restricted. The district now organizes a car-free day every month."
;

"Here is an example of a fair political funding system. Every party or independent candidate would be entitled to charge the same small fee for membership (independents would be encouraged to form a supporters' club) - perhaps $20, £20, or its equivalent in other currencies. ...Any other political funding of parties or candidates, whether spent by the parties and candidates themselves or by others on their behalf, would be illegal. ...The funding of referendums is even simpler: the state should provide an equal amount for those campaigning on each side of the question.

This issue has been supremely complicated in the United States by perverse judicial rulings: a constitutional amendment would be requited to negate them. ...

The cost of the current system is the destruction of democracy in anything but the name: financial crises, caused by the ability of the financial sector to buy its way our of democratic constraints; the environmental crisis, exacerbated by the political power that destructive industries have purchased; the wages crisis and the collapse of working conditions, caused by the freedom to exploit that employers have purchased; and innnumerable bad, destructive and irrational policies, arising from the generalised corruption of politics, as well as the rise of an extremist anti-politics in response to a broken and unresponsive system. In other words, it runs into many billions. It runs beyond billions, into costs that money alone cannot represent."
(Monbiot) ; p. 78, 145-6. (Italics added, on above.)

"These, however, were all slight matters
to a man who had escaped
from Durham's fertilizer mill."
Upton Sinclair
(The Jungle ; 1906)

"...their mouths fringed with nails so they resembled steel-toothed carnivores..."
Ray Bradbury
(Martian Chronicles / The Silver Locust ; 1953).

"It is generally believed, outside Germany, that the entire judicial system of the country collapsed without a struggle after Hitler's takeover. This was not so, partly because any long-established, organically developed legal system has tremendous staying power and partly, of course, because the very character of such a system, based as it is upon justice and impartiality - the exact opposite of tyranny - offers passive resistance at the very least.

In 1935, I learned...
[...]
...that the pictures did not represent the true conditions on Wedemeyer's estate, [that] I had known all along; but I must admit that I was rather startled to find that they had been taken on an estate ran by Reichsbauernfuehrer - the top Nazi official in charge of peasant affairs. "

; ...Schlabrendorff's post-war book also contains some Appendices. Those have selections of the writings of Hitler's pre y. -33 adversies (mostly are, from prior to that year.). Among them is Ernst Niekisch' y. -32 written essay ('Hitler -A German Catastrophe'), ...of which the following passages:
" 'The measure of confidence enjoyed by Hitler is unprecedented. He has not yet performed any deed which would show him worthy of such trust; instead, it is given to him blindly. He is a past master in the art of making people believe in him, without first having had to answer the question about his ability and qualifications. ' [under sub-titling as 'On Hitlers secret of political success']

'The National Socialist movement has become a monstrous credit structure, but up to now nothing has come of it. Credit has accumulated in vast amounts, but not a single creative task has been accomplished...'
'National Socialism belongs in this category, it is the most daring structure of credit fraud that has ever been erected on political ground...' [...under subtitling: 'On the future of the National Socialist movement']"
(Shlabrendorff, Fabian von):
The Secret War Against Hitler (publ. 1965), p. 60-1, and; 370, 372(Niekisch)
[; Can't avoid from the mention...that this 'selection' was added purely due because it of closely seemed like some 'mirror-image' of the present reality. Perhaps, from only superficially, but...]

"...The Belarussians had an IBM computer with a registry of individual doses of over 100,000 people, including evacuees, liquidators, and 34,000 children. The foreigners asked for the registry once, twice, many times. They were put off.
And then something strange happened. Soon after the first IAEA [ie; International Atomic Energy Comission] scientists began arriving in the summer of 1990, 'hooligans' broke into the offices of the Institute of Radiation Medicine in Minsk. In what looked like professional job, the thieves knocked out a security guard with a blow to the head, took his keys, stole two computers and a pile of floppy disks, and sped off in a waiting car. The computer files contained the data on radiation exposure for 134,000 Belarussians. ...
..., the only database of its kind in the world, was never recovered. And that wasn't the only incident. ..."
;

"...The World Health Organization, overtaken by infighting, proved a disappointing leader in the crowded Chernobyl field. In 2003, WHO scientist Keith Baverstock attempted to put together an international Chernobyl Research Board to try again to ask open-ended questions on Chernobyl health impacts. Gonzalez preempted Baverstock's initiative by creating the Chernobyl Forum, an umbrella organization representing seven UN agencies, with the IAEA again at the helm. Instead of a major investigation of health effects, the Chernobyl Forum reviewed investigations in Western literature - most of them repetitive examinations of pediatric thyroid cancer - and issued a 'comprihensive report' that ran in the same well-worn track of earlier IAEA/UNSCEAR [UN Scientific Committee on the Effects of Radiation] reports of 1987, 1988, 1996, 2001 and 2002. With an insistent repetition, the Chernobyl Forum blamed the rise of health problems on psychological trauma and called estimates of fatalities in the thousands 'exaggerated and incorrect'.
Fred Mettler, the author of the 1991 IAEA assessment ...also took charge of the Chernobyl Forum report published in 2006. Mettler was arguably the single most influential voice in producing judgements of Chernobyl-related health damage that are today cited in the media as fact (fifty-four fatalities and six thousand cases of childhood thyroid cancers). ..." ; "...Lost in the risk estimate's wonderful magic trick of making dozens of other harmful radioactive elements disappear are the bodies that ingested them and an accounting of how they fared. I too wanted to believe in the charts, to dissolve into them and make those sick kids in the contaminated regions go away."

"For Westerners, Soviet medicine was like the bloodless, late socialist economy, which was like Soviet hotels and Soviet restaurants. They were bad and poorly organized with incompetent and corrupt stuff. Soviet science long had a poor reputation abroad. Western commentators often focused on Trofim Lysenko, a Stalin-era geneticist who rejected evolutionary science and argued that plants and animals acquired characteristics in their lifetimes that could be passed on to their offspring. Historians judged that Lysenko slandered famed Russian geneticists to climb to the top of the scientific hierarchy. ...

Historian Hiroshi Ishikawa argues that Soviet science was not entirely undone by the politics of Lysenko. Geneticists who were purged from biology moved into physics departments in the early fifties where colleagues welcomed them as they puzzled over questions of radiation and health. Rather than view the genes, as geneticists did in the west, as impervious to ecological influence, Soviet scientists influenced by Lysenko's ideas came to understand intergenerational transfer of induced genetic abnormalities caused by environmental factors. With this science, Soviets gained a sensitivity to exposures to radioactivity and other toxins. They grew critical of Western risk estimates about radioactive fallout. ..." ; "...The period of nuclear testing qualifies as the most unhinged, suicidal chapter in human history. In the name of 'peace' and 'deterrence,' military leaders waged global nuclear war.
The damage of a half century of nuclear bomb testing appears to have left a perceptiple footprint on human health. Rates of thyroid cancer in the United States tripled between 1974 and 2013, and better detection did not account for all the increases. ..."
; Brown (Manual for Survival) - p. 234; 259, 262., - 273; 311.

"Digital democracy is no magic wand. It risks empowering one group...at the expense of others. It is vulnerable to hacking by money and undemocratic power.",
"The most obvious application of digital technologies is to provide us with the information we need to make intelligent political choices. When we vote, or participate in any other way, we should do so as informed and thoughtful citizens, rather than arriving at the polling station in a haze of ignorance and confusion and stabbing our pencils at a name we vaguely recognize while muttering, 'They're all as bad as each other.'"
;
"The people of Switzerland vote in around ten referendums a year, clustered into three or four polling days. Some of these are initiated by the parliament, some by citizens. Any law passed by parliament can be challenged by the people. If, within one hundred days, someone can furnish 50,000 signatures from people opposed to the law, the gorvernment is obliged to put the question to the country. These referendums are binding: if the people vote against it, the law is struck down. ...
...
It is true that some Swiss referendums have approved illiberal measures, such as a ban on the construction of new minarets. Other immoderate proposals, however, such as the expulsion of foreign criminals and an attempt to ban samesex couples from marrying, have been rejected, whilein 2016 a law granting asylum seekers free legal assistance was approved. ...
Rather than fostering extremism, the system tends to encourage caution (sometimes excessive caution) among political parties: they hesitate to introduce disruptive laws for fear of triggering a referendum. While direct democracy might limit innovation by governments, it stimulates innovation by citizens. ..."
(Monbiot) ; p. 156, 157. ; 152-3.

"Meanwhile, because semi-skilled jobs will become automated, leaving only high- and low-paid ones, global inequality will rise by 40 per cent. By 2060, countries such as Sweden will have the levels of inequality currently seen in the USA: think Gary, Indiana in the suburbs of Stockholm. There is also the very real risk that climate change will begin to destroy capital, coastal land and agriculture, shaving up to 2.5 per cent off world GDP, and 6 per cent in south-east Asia.
But the bleakest part of the OECD report lies not in what it projects but what it assumes: a rapid rise in productivity due to information technology. Three-quarters of all the growth to 2060 is expected to come from increased productivity.
However, that assumption is, as the report states euphemistically, 'high compared with recent history'.

In fact... ,there is no certainty at all that the information revolution of the past twenty years will turn into the kind of growth and productivity that can be measured in market terms. In that case there is substantial risk that the meagre 3 per cent annual growth projected by the OECD over the next fifty years will be closer to 0.75.

Then there is the migration problem. ..."

; "In addition, capitalist planning and modelling are typically unaccountable: by the time a major infrastructure project starts delivering results, ten or twenty years after its impact was first predicted, there is no person or organization still around to draw conclusions. Thus, most economic modelling under market capitalism is actually close to speculation.",

"[...] We would ask our supercomputer lateral questions: do young men get depressed because the Nike brand dies? Does the global sports industry suffer because Nike marketing spend is gone? Does quality decline when there is no brand value to maintain in the production process? And what would the climate impact be? To promote its brand, Nike has worked hard to reduce carbon emissions. We might decide keeping the price of Nike trainers high [...on preceding paragraph, given as '$190 and their production price...likely to be lower than $20'] is a good thing. Or not.

This, ...is what a postcapitalist state would use petaflop-level computing for. ..."
(Mason, Paul) : Postcapitalism (2015 - p. 28 ; 271,272.)
[...Indeed, one often quite astonishes from what a major advantage of some brand producing decent quality jogging shoes, hyped upward to ridiculous and unreal of its market-price - Meanwhile, practically all the medium-cost 'competitors' turning out inferior and non-endurable alternatives to, and, w. a near same production cost. For the consumer and environment (ecology, 'climates'...) the current form of the 'market' is actually just...some absurd, hideous 'jest'. Think about it.]
;

"...The Soviet gulag contained 1.4 million prisoners, about 200,000 of whom were killed each year. At least 6 million Jews were murdered in the Nazi concentration camps, and an estimated 3.3 million Russian prisoners of war died in German camps between 1941 and 1945. The Spanish war itself accounted for maybe 350,000 dead.

The scale of death during the Second World War makes it difficult to comprehend. So its impact on the politics and the sociology of the working class has been the subject of a horrified silence. But let us puncture it. The majority of the Jews killed in East Europe were from politicized working-class communities. Many were adherents either of pro-Soviet, left Zionist parties or the anti-Zionist Bund. The Holocaust wiped out an entire political tradition in the global labour movement in the space of three years.
In Spain, the unions, co-ops and militias of the left were destroyed by mass murder - and their traditions suppressed until the 1970s. Meanwhile, in Russia the working-class political underground was exterminated by the gulag and executions.
[...]
...Where workers' uprisings threatened the Allied plans - as they did both in Warsaw and Turin in 1944 - generals simply halted the military advance until the Wehrmacht had done its job. After that, the communist parties stepped in to limit all action to the restoration of democracy only.
There was no repeat of 1917-21. ..."
;
"Neoliberalism was designed and implemented by visionary politicians: Pinochet in Chile; Thatcher and her ultra-conservative circle in Britain; Reagan and the Cold Warriors who brought him to power. They'd faced massive resistance from organized labour and they'd had enough. In response, these pioneers of neoliberalism drew a conclusion that has shaped our age: that a modern economy cannot coexist with an organized working class. Consequently, they resolved to smash labour's collective bargaining power, traditions and social cohesion completely.

Unions had come under attack before - but always from paternalist politicians who had proffered the lesser of two evils: in place of militancy, they'd encouraged a 'good' workforce, defined by moderate socialism, unions run by agents of the state. ...
The neoliberals sought something different: atomization. Because today's generation sees only the outcome of neoliberalism, it is easy to miss the fact that this goal - the destruction of labour's bargaining power - was the essence of the entire project: it was means to all the other ends. Neoliberalism's guiding principle is not free markets, nor fiscal discipline, nor sound money, nor privatization and offshoring - not even globalization. All these things were byproducts or weapons of its main endeavour: to remove organized labour from the equation.

Not all the industrialized countries followed the same path, nor at the same pace. ..."
(Mason),2015: p. 196-7 ['The massacre of Illusions'] ; 91-2 ['The Attack on Labour']

"If the submission demanded be founded on justice - there is no appealing to a higher power - for God is Justice itself. Let us then, as children of the same parent, if not bastardized by
being the younger born, reason together, and learn to submit to the authority of reason - when her voice is distinctly heard. But, if it be proved, that this throne of prerogative only rests on a chaotic mass of prejudices, that have no inherent principle of order to keep them together, or on an elephant, tortoise, or even the mighty shoulders of a son of the earth, they may escape, who ..."
Wollstonecraft
(A Vindication of the Rights of Woman ; 1792)

6/13/20

Gardening, Summer 2020, pt I - The calamity den(s)...and a few good hen

“...The outbreaks have so far been confined to localized areas and lasted just hours, but they are increasing in frequency and intensity, say the authors. The study appears this week in the journal Science Advances.

[...]

Analyzing data from weather stations from 1979 to 2017, the authors found that extreme heat/humidity combinations doubled over the study period. Repeated incidents appeared in much of India, Bangladesh and Pakistan, northwestern Australia, and along the coasts of the Red and Mexico's Gulf of California. The highest, potentially fatal, readings, were spotted 14 times in the cities of Dhahran/Damman, Saudi Arabia; Doha, Qatar, and Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates, which have combined populations of over 3 million. Parts of southeast Asia, southern China, subtropical Africa and the Caribbean were also hit.

The southeastern United States saw extreme conditions dozens of times, mainly near the Gulf Coast in east Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama and the Florida Panhandle. ...” ; [on Phys - 2020 may ]

;

(Photo), beside right - Nettles...are natural plants here. So nowadays I tend for to leave some them unweeded, from growing in the garden. (These photographed around the April, maybe the first week.) Some species of day-time butterflies favor them. Some people believe in the very nutrient contents from the netttles leaves - It's nowadays also, already to some time, been available in a various ingredients from the 'natural apothecary'-stylish health shops, and as an ingredient on number of herbal product.

“The Kremlin had been quite successful at keeping previous large nuclear accidents under wraps, remaining silent about radioactive pollution and the dangers it posed to Soviet citizens and the rest of the world. That was the case with an accident that took place in 1957 in the closed city of Ozersk in the Urals, better known to the Soviet leadership under the code name Cheliabinsk-40 – the home of the first Soviet nuclear fuel plant producing weapons-grade plutonium. On September 29 of that year an underground nuclear waste tank had exploded, blasting a concrete cap weighing 160 tonnes from the top of the steel and concrete container and releasing 20 million curies of radioactivity into the atmosphere. The authorities had had to resettle 12,000 people, mostly from the twenty-three villages of the region that were considered no longer fit for habitation. The houses and agricultural equipment used by the former inhabitants were buried, and an exclusion zone was established in the areas that had suffered the most.

The Soviet leaders refused to release the information about the Ozersk explosion, thereby endangering the lives of hundreds of thousands of their own citizens, who went on with their daily routines not knowing how to minimize the risk caused by the accident. ... American military and civilian officials learned about the 1957 accident but...Both sides had a stake in keeping it under wraps so as not to frighten their citizens and make them reject the nuclear power as a source of cheap energy.

The Obersk accident led the Soviet authorities to develop a number of strategies that would be employed at Chernobyl thirty years later. The use of military conscripts to deal with the consequences of the nuclear explosion, decontamination techniques that included burying contaminated equipment and covering contaminated areas of the nuclear plant with concrete, mass resettlement of the population, the creation of an exclusion zone, and the handling of large number of patients with symptoms of acute radiation poisoning – all those strategies had first been employed in Ozersk. ...”

; (Plokhy), Chernobyl. History of a Tragedy. (Penguin books; p. 173-4; 185, 187.)

;

“Soviet physicists knew the RBMK reactor was hard to control and had a fatal flaw, the positive void coefficient. They had other reactor designs. Why did they use the unreliable RBMK, plugging in dozens of them across the USSR? They built RBMK reactors only in the USSR, not in Eastern Europe where they constructed safer, light water reactors. As the historian Sonja Schmidt pointed out, the RBMK was cheap to build on-site, easy to scale up, and 'uniquely Soviet,' a point of pride. The top-secret Politburo transcript reveals one more reason to deploy the RBMK.

At the Politburo meeting, Valery Legasov, a nuclear chemist, agreed with his colleagues' poor assessment of the Chernobyl reactor: 'The RBMK reactor does not meet international and domestic standards on several levels. ... The poor rating of the RBMK reactor has been known for fifteen years.' So why use the faulty reactor ? Legasov explained: 'We are carrying out the Zaslon mission, and the RBMK is more reliable for that project.'

The code word for Zaslon means 'screen' in Russian. ... Politburo transcript shows that before the Chernobyl accident Soviet leaders secretly were building their own missile defense system. In 1984, Reagan ordered that the long-mothballed Hanford Plutonium Plant in eastern Washington be dusted off and returned to production for the Star Wars project. In his cryptic comment, Legasov was alluding to the major advantage of the RBMK reactor over other designs. In addition to generating energy, the reactor could produce plutonium, the fissile material at the core of nuclear bombs. The more Soviet engineers ran 'peaceful' RBMK reactors, the more plutonium they could potentially stockpile for the 'screen.' There is no evidence of the Chernobyl fuel to produce [plutonium, etc] ...

In deciding to prosecute a few operators rather than designers and industry bosses as scapegoats for the accident and in resolving to continue to operate accident-prone RBMK reactors, Politburo leaders took a vote for secrecy because there was no other way to justify these decisions other than by covering up these basic facts. ... When the truths of Chernobyl came to light three years later, the load of public skepticism and doubt would speed downhill like a runaway truck, knocking out Gorbatchev and his administration with it.” (Brown), Manual for Survival. The Chernobyl Guide to the Future (Allen Lane; p. 53-5; italics, Browns)

; “On February 16, 1989, ...the Rukh program ... included an extensive section on ecological issues, with special attention on Chernobyl disaster and its consequences. ... The Rukh program called for the shutdown of the Chernobyl nuclear plant and of all the other RBMK reactors in Ukraine; a halt to the construction of new nuclear power plants in Ukraine, no matter what reactor type they were designed to use; medical examination for entire population of Kyiv and other regions adjacent to Chernobyl power plant; and rehabilitation measures for those adversely affected by the disaster.

The Rukh program was published in time for the first semi-free elections to take place in the Soviet Union since the Revolution of 1917. ...

Throughout the Soviet Union, the leaders of the new awakened civil society, distressed by economic hardship but encouraged by Gorbatchev's political reforms, turned to eco-activism. It soon took on the features of eco-nationalism, ... In Lithuania, controversy emerged on the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant, which ran on Chernobyl-type reactors. In September 1988, Sajudis, the Lithuanian popular front, ... mobilized close to 20,000 people to form a human 'Ring of Life' around the Ignalina plant. The plant was perceived as not only an ecological but also a cultural threat to the Lithuanian nation: like the Chernobyl plant, it was staffed largely by Russians and representatives of other nonindigenous peoples. In Armenia, a December 1988 earthquake triggered mass protest leading to the closure of the Metsamor Nuclear Power Plant, which was built in an area of high seismicity only 36 kilometers from the capital of the republic, Yerevan.” (Plokhy; p. 304-5.)

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'...The fact that at least one million species are at risk of extinction.' ; ...The Spring-period got on relative late (June, for now...) until I bothered returning to these writes of mine.

Guess'...I've for been to slight lazy from turn on my (these) doings. Thenagain, not much else was originally to be said on this, the most part on it meant concern my this season's cultivates. Also, as for usual was the case from this early, here; Even my last year's garden sowings weren't yet of flowering. 'Though some those tend now emerging for...

; Therefore, this 'section' now combines of a fewsome examples to observed species on their 'natural' environments, plus the fewsome more words on the global nuclear doomsday-'pasts' – Whether or not we'd think it for most actuelt an issue by presently, or not. (The fact about, being it from unavoidably remains only more actuelt, at this present world.) And, even if I'm also for little hesitating to say anything further on that subject, by now. – We've, perhaps, already for a bit too repeated returned on that lately. Well, in any aspects to think it's an...issue of importance.

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Pic (photo) : ...maybe from some time by the late Spring this year - early of May, perhaps?. ; ...The 'Queen Bumble' that I spotted had flown in my garden greenhouse. (Lookin' for flowers, mostly in vain, since actually weren't anything so early growing in my benches.) ; ...Lookin from the books I noted it must've appeared the queen. (Due that was a large one, and by this early 'on the move'.) Of the species my best guess - almost no other alternatives - the 'identification' of the species was to Bombus terrestris. ; However, must from slight correct my earlier remarking that maybe (about) 2/3, or at least half from our domestic bumbles would by 'regular years' now from appear visit my gardens - In fact the major parts to the seen bees are some of the commonest ones, such as this. Or, for maybe few other 'standard' ones, most often seen and easier recognizable, must from containing mostly to the B.lapidarius, and B.hypnorum. ...Which must be some for the commonest ones, along w. the variety from those often very resemblant lookin's yellow-striped bumbles (In their several separate species) ; ...Or, then it's quite as interesting to recognize: Fx, that the one species I earlier had for pics on this blog appears been of formerly relative common, now maybe only 'regular' (not rare or endangered) species here. But, the pic I had was taken on one 'low-grass' field not so close-by - And I've actually not ever 'spotted' that species on this urban 'gardenhood' of mine. (The species must've been, either, B.veteranus. - or, then it might've appeared B.sylvarum. For both seem for appear species adapted more keenly for the 'old-time' environments, woods and 'country-side', sort of. ; The.sylvarum seems also to have an Eng name, quite descriptive of that aspect, too - For that's the Knapweed carder-bee. ...and then of that it's fx said that fx been at UK for '...common until the midst 20th century.' - but now later seen of had been declining '...across it's European range'.) ; ...So you sort of notice, also, that there's limits from how 'comprihensive' one's gardening can be noted of of 'support' or serve as some 'substitute' to an original ecology.

...Anyway, due that (fx acc Goulson, such as I read) the B.terrestris being some to commonest species of bumble that cultivated in uses of pollination at commercial greenhouses - And from that it's, in several places of world, actually having naturalized and seen of become a somewhat problematic - due from it so effectively can spread on the surrounding natural environment(s). ; ...Not from noted to any such 'trouble-maker' here - But it's then to somewhat interesting of discovering that on here too, it's also a very recent 'arrival' for bumble-species. The local 'data-base' mentions that B.terrestris was discovered (/and, later gotten noticed for the increase and spread by the southern coastal areas here) from only after the 1990 (, 'about'). From the noted reasons, it would appear, those being the said uses from those for pollinating agents in the commercial 'farming', and apparently, then also because from the warmed climates. So, while it's now presently a 'regularity', that would as well (perhaps) trace itself for the fact it being, for the 'bumble', largely a generalist.
Was still from a nice sighting, despite any of these notices.
; ...Actually, just recently 'spotted' also some of it's 'sisters' on my Lilacs (Syringa, here right now from flowering). Didn't have the camera along for pics, but that was slight more darker by it's main coloration, and, perhaps for even more of a 'robust' specimen - So I assumed that for a queen then, too. (But for some other species.) Otherways, despite that it's already quite warm, the garden is most part rather devoid of bumble-bees. In fact, I'm not usual seeing from so many at this early Summers. Wonderin from whether they're not so plenty after that latest (very) weak winter (...?). Or whether it's just from that, by presently, it been from to (relative) windy...

But first - a few remarks on my last winter skiis – as the usual, by this time of the year, fromafter our winter season's ending.

; The season/winter period didn't prove to quite so frustrating than one would easily assume of the noted serious lack in the snow here - On this last winter. (For, as one might have read from news and the weather-reports – this last winter certainly was the worst I can remember what comes to any snowy-conditions. Unhappily. Never before having for experienced even a resemblant winter here, not on any year before. (Situation was for acknowledged already early as Jan. - as I now notice from had bookmarked this weather-report page. Well, apparently wasn't exactly that page I was seekin' to this – But no matter, seems from cover that timing, the snowless winter.) ; ...That said, reminded me that by the latest worst year 'in record' it was, I guess, the 2015-6, when also was considerably little of snows. But even then, I recall, we at least enjoyed the 'tolerable' skiing conditions for a weeks time, by the mid-winter.)

Yet, the more notably, on this year (winter) – On a natural 'country' here latitudes, on here then wasn't anything to ski on – Not even on during the Feb. (Which usually is the coldest and for occasional snowiest Month.) Only those boring constant wetted rains from, and, 'occasioned' some often melting shorter snow-pours.

You did't exactly need any firmer confirmation from that the global warming's advancing.

However, despite the said conditions, I actually did ski for amount from the 'decent' 575 km's this year. (Between the periods from 6^th of Jan to until the 23^rd by March.) ; In essence, the few times I was already on 'tracks' at that January were merely during it's earlier coldest week. And, still even during the Feb it was pretty snowless until the middle of Month – Actually I might been on skis during that March the most part from what for counted.)

; ...The obvious contradiction (,you maybe recognize) at the above said, becomes easily explained:

Due for reasons described, there practically was no cross-country, at all, by this year. I finally 'distanced' that mentioned amount kilometers (Or, from a slight bit more/less, 'suppose, by exactly...). But it was almost all on the shorter 'built' track here. (Plus a few trips to adjacent regions winter sport-centers – Where situation wasn't to any considerable manner better.) ; Like I must have said on the very before post, to me that lack of snows did felt like having lost from smght 'integral' and inherent to my very identity. Guess many people might've felt quite similarly. 'Though not so many perhaps would bother concern themselves on that, by this much...

All in all, obviously, the difference still was for quite apparent for anyone that does the cross-country. Now only hoping that we're still for to have some better winters during any for to subsequent following years...As the 'climatic' estimate, 'prediction' either doesn't promise any sort recognizable 'turn' from the better. More from an opposite. Unless one now takes the route by some 'migratory' species, and changes locations to further distances north.

But that much on that. Wrote down just for some reminders.

(I also remember, fx, of having had during this latest season a conversation 'bout how we used from - only by a few years ago – from to curse these constant near/little over zero-temperatures and their resulted unpleasant 'wetty-snows' for the skiing surface. But for now, during that Jan.-Feb. - I was merely hoping it would at least to a some brief time turn to an 'actual' winter. But it didn't, on this Winter.)

; And yet, nevertheless; Despite my any remarks, I was still pretty thankful of those artificial 'tracks' and routes. From permitting me to keep on w. my hobby, sport...

...To be honest, I don't also at all understand the people who choose to talk about the 'adaptation' and some adjustment for this (man-made) climatic change. When you are loosing the 'natural' weatheric conditions, it predicts/realises to be in scope from (always) a bigger loss than what can be 'regained' by a few 'saved' harvests - Or what one recognizes gained in some otherways 'engineered' solutions now created as the (temporary) 'adaptations'. How they would show in the light of the big Question: That constant warming. From briefest expressed; Now losing Winter - In that you are also actually loosing something at an invaluable, un-rediscoverable, 'connection to'. And, that can't be 'bought back'. – No matter how much one would've from wish from.

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Pic (below) ; '...Pearls on swingin, the bells on ringin...' - from Lee's ('et al' - Ditko?),
Dr Strange-story "Eye of the Beholder" (; on mag Dec 38/1979.) - Night time, at the night club named Hells Bells

; ...Having to...'express' (that) it makes me litte doubtful is it from too 'proper' to have at this (particular) chapter these the now encontained 'amusing' comics selections, and, the nature photos. - From after finding for how serious the aspects discussed at this in general are. (What it contains, representing, for a bit discusses...)
Thenagain...won't choose to think that it'd to be for us any very good motive to write 'these stories' just in a (very) serious-minded 'view-points, foremost at what to our...remarked from, about. ; At least w. the recognization that any-one sometimes 'needs a break', every once in a while. So, a slight 'apologize' of these 'contradictions' - But not at all because of some remorse. (But of, some 'courtesy'.)

...In spite of on above said: Having have to also notice that the overall warming (warmed winters mostly here latitudes) haven't exactly realised, in my eyes, from solely to w. a negative consequence. So far, that means. Such as on all environmental change, some species suffer – and some apparently do benefit. At least if you consider some short term changes. Some that's by usual the more easily observable.

I've to this Spring-season recognized there in my urbanhoods, as well as elsewhere 'nearby' (the woods, esp), the more of the songbirds than at any former year. Even more apparently, seen for this Spring the more plentier small offspring of those. Both in numbers and, I suppose, as well the different species than from before. Of course (, I guess) it would've representing only the local condition – Birds in general don't appear recognized of their any remarkable numbers to some similar increase. Or, so one at least would conclude on viewing the 'official data', etc... ; However, I can't also think for that (aspect) any other explanation than the said mild seasons during our latest winter. By regular 'standard' the birds that can overwinter here 'ranges' are of the selective few species from – But, apparently, the more of these might've perhaps now chosen from stayed here past the winter. So - I suppose - many of them, perhaps, also were now having their chicklings by somewhat earlier. Or, maybe them more from the ones that'd arrived by earlier. (As I think not for seen much those, by any comparable periods just to this early.)

It's also some fact, that even of the most 'regular' ones here a larger procentual 'average' (maybe from 40 to 80 per cent) yearly born tends from perish during their first few years. After that the survival 'rate' in any yearly 'generation' from the more significantly, rises. But by now, w. the less cold spells and otherways less 'inhospitable' winter temperatures, the amount from those to survive last winter must've in numbers been well above usual 'average'. Leading to also more from the newborns, this Spring.

Of course, has to say: Not being any bird's specialist, can't say to appear any too sure on my findings to that.

Of the alternative reasons for, I could also imagine that – maybe – it due for the reason that more species of bird nowadays havgin become adapted on the(se) urban habitats of mine. And so you'd perhaps now see more from the chicklings too. (And also more of a variety by these days.) The forest uses, along w. the forestry's Nature 'scavenging' methods aren't of to so much changed for the better, by the lately. (But perhaps some of the more typical forest-species also now may have gotten here slight more 'urbanized', from resultively. Cant' say.) Difficult to 'confirm' for me, as my findings mainly are based on an aspect that I only recognized of seeing several more to those now. Also some that I just don't personally recognize by species. Maybe it's only having gotten somewhat more to walks on Nature to this early. More constantly than for usually.

; ...Yet another “explanation”, that I could think for, being the reduction in the overall uses by chemical pesticides: Along w. (that) the now for some years said advanced 'favoring' in the more organic farming methods, there now perhaps are also the more insects. - And the local birds too may indeed having increased in numbers then. This isn't any 'plain suburbia', as there are also agricultural fields and the more forested environments, also situating to quite near. (Like must've said by priorly before...) ; (Addit; Thenagain...that issue about the 'amount' by insects from increasing, due of the warming, ain't not at all quite so straightforward than of this kind 'assumption' you'd easily be lead for think. Such as earlier here and on this writing, by somewhat, is for remarked. ...You could easily, fx, pay attention at the increased numbers by honey bees, cultivated w. the purpose from some crops pollination, and then also visiting your garden flowers - And of not recognize that in the actual domestic insect 'fauna' there was the constant loss occurring...)

Yet (anyway)...I still think that this unusual warm winter period seems for the likeliest cause to the enjoyed multitude (early) song-birds. Even if my other remarked assumptions would for be correct, them wouldn't exactly explain why I've noticed of seen the so many separate species. Numbers of some that I couldn't by first look easily identify. ; Also it would/could then seem for the most typical 'sign', some to often mentioned relating to this current climatic 'shift'.

Of course, would from feel to a pretty logical consequence: Birds, w. wings, appear as well the more adjustive to move their ranges of appearance – Perhaps they then are also now the more 'rapid' for arrive, and hence there were noticeably, resultant the more early new 'breeds' too. (Meaning that, it might've also resulted of that for late Spring-cold: From the trees having not so much coverage, leafs, still recently – The more of the small bird could be seen, as well. Maybe that better visibility the more reliable explanation...)

Besides, it's as well nowadays often remarked to some new mammalian species, occasioned or to more 'semi-permanent', arrivals and/or 'visitors' for here being discovered. ; But not to this anything from the Golden Jackals, wild boars, or – perhaps? - invasive frog-species from noted of the 'arrival'. Be those possibilities or only for some random 'chance' cases resultsnt of their more frequent occurrences...

...Comes for mind also, that I've also the more often now recognized of had seen hawks too. Some larger and (mostly) the smaller. (From distance usually, of course.) A fewsome notices of eagles too ('though, not by here region.) ; And lately, I even observed a raven on an edge of one natural forested forested spot. Which certainly was for pretty much a surprise sighting on here 'ranges'. It seemed for a pretty impressive, large black bird. (A 'messenger' of some kind...?)

Pic (beside) : ...Also that from Manara's X-Women comics-album. This time the speak-bubble contents are just excluded...not of replaced (w. anything.)

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“...Armed by the United States during the cold war, Turkey set up the largest armed forces in Europe, and the second largest in NATO after the United States. In a reckless gamble the United States in 1961 stationed even nuclear missiles in Turkey targeting the Soviet Union. When Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev a year later copied the reckless strategy and stationed nuclear missiles in Cuba targeting the United States, the Cuban Missile Crisis ensued and pushed the world to the brink of nuclear war. President Kennedy resolved the crisis peacefully by promising to remove the Jupiter missiles from turkey in return for Krushchev's promise to remove his nuclear missiles from Cuba.”

; (Ganser) : NATO's Secret Armies: Operation Gladio and Terrorism in Western Europe ; ...of the chpt 17 in a vers online available, at Google-books. (Routledge/ Frank Cass, 2005.)

...On the past, presently high costs of the “option” ; On his book Upheaval. How Nations Cope with Crisis and Change (Allen Lane/Penguin) Diamond makes the more extensive nuclear-energies 'favorable' argument than for a 'standard' most tend appear be. (On the book, btw the p. 383-91.) Or at least it for the wider look for a nuclear (/'atomic age') past than is more regular at what usual one more often now sees to any 'compacted' story 'bout the nuclear retaliatorial and confrontatorial pasts.

(...W. the 'confrontation', meaning that history by a two “global” blocks in during those renown latter decades of a 20^th century. Most often goes nowadays known as the 'cold war'-era; Yet, they equally often nowadays also stress that the 'cold war' wasn't actually not cold at all, but more open some, w. the violent wars and 'territorial battles' in any places for the 'conflict zones' – Any where the US and Sovjet-blocks aimed for to increase their own influence, power from. Also, having encontained the mainteined strategies by both 'blocks' for purposefully benefitting themselves of the natural resources at those areas in question. ; Or, it of course also relates to the simultaneous/preceded purposes to independencing in the former colonies, smght that was to stubbornly objected by the former (European) colonial powers. The oils, the rare minerals, plus other established cheap sources for the 'valuable material', as well as some other motives behind the noted said negative developments – during the “cold war”, amongst some it's many negative 'side-effects' from.)

And indeed, for having originated in that same cold war-era, during that confrontation by the Sovjets and the US-lead 'coalition', the nuclear-ends can be said to probably remain still the most dangerous 'caveat' on humanity, by this 21^st century. (Even considering all the present concern from the global impact of the fossil fuels, the emissions 'build-up'. That also so, because the former mentioned having of represented itself as the described threat now for near to 75 years – So, it seems of had enshadowed the humanity's general futures and seek instead from 'anything better', by now to well past half-century's time.)

Without goin' for any wider histories, or from referencing on those, it then also fits here fx shortly remarking of that renown Cuban 'missile crisis', in the y. 1962. (...But, for that reminded; have also a look on a citation right above this section, as well.) ; The period commonly is noted the years when a global nuclear-doom (-war) said of been the closer than ever before that, also than everafter. ; ...Diamond then discusses on to that historical timing as the most exemplary case for a scenario where - among few other 'scenarios' to 'that sort' - an '...escalating series of miscalculations of rival government's response' could've alarmingly and irreversibly (such as we know, still could) led for the use from nuclear weapons against peoples, the second time in human history. Quite obviously, the likeliest result thenafter also would meant the practical destructing of all else life on Earth, too.

I also think to this from apparent, that nowadays, before all present talk on that global warming/climate 'change' (or 'climate shifts', that somehow here sounding like a term more descriptive) – any divide between the favorers for the nuclear(-energy) “option” and it's opponents used for to be lot more clear. Quite simply, because all that present, recent decades talk on the Climates seems made the nuclear 'option' for the less feared one – on it's “peaceful” uses, obviously – from the global climate problem becoming the increasingly more of an urgent aspect. But, also obviously, the whole scope of the nuclear-energy seems along that gotten to ever more obscure – It, sort of, not similarly exists at the 'centrum' for all environmental debate. Which, feels a bit uneasing. Also, that recognition, it leaves me a quite peculiar impressions about.

[Addit ;] ...In the conclusive chapter(s) of that Plutopia (2013-book. ; on btw pages 319-38. ), last one aptly named 'Futures', Brown seems somewhat discuss these noted 'connections' - Which feels useful for to mention at this 'reminder'. (Although on that she doesn't of course quite so directly 'point-out' from that 'fateful' and inhuman bond in the nuclear "renaissainces" and it's only recent pasts. - As I do at this, of considering that noted connection btw the "peaceful-", and a warring 'nuclear-businesses'. (Book fx has a brief informative chapter named 'Nuclear Glassnost', on the Russia's post-Sovjet developments, of 1990s-.) ; ...And in more generally also to cons these recent histories, or present, the book proves for a more rewarding than probably anything I could add on this. Soforth...after reading it, thought for a few quots more added on this write. - But possibly we now have not the chances - this text also having, did enlenghten for "over the haul", already quite much in this few pages, originally meant for 'compact'...

More so, as we've also already noted before, there actually ain't any self-evident manner how for separate the militaristic and 'peaceful' forms of production in the so called nuclear 'option'.

...And, for one other related aspect: There were in the obscured 'early days' from a nuclear energy-”form”, to so many obscurities and secrecies around that 'production' (in general), the arms-race and militaristic competition even to the levels that – probably – from all cases to the early 'failures' and accidents, there still ain't uncovered all to the most unbiased informations from, about. (Of the time the knowledges still, perhaps, not ain't for 'all from' it's 'completeness' still being around.) ; ...Or, by nowadays perhaps are, quite a lot. For at least about the early history, like on what at above said, of that 'fatal connection', fx the formerly referred other book by Kate Brown's (Plutopia. Nuclear families, atomic cities, and the great Soviet and American Plutonium Disasters. ; 2013. ), seems to make the most comprihensive discussion I've for come by, cons this. ...On that. (And on other issues from.) The health issues, -'histories', esp,ao...
[Addit]; ...Just for some example (not meant to too directly related on anything by this writing, or these few pages), on it one fx reads of that clean-up from that US plutonium-producing facility - Hanaford - of past those cold war years, till as far as 1990s, when it's 'contract' and production seems from finally seems from ended. Happily or unhappily - at least from the noted decontamination costs, and, not only from that. ('Unhappily', thinkin what seems noted of the mentioned discoveries and finds, one would fx think... ; And this briefer reference only, only fx representing the US's part, of from these "yesterdays" to the country's nuclear warring-histories, the production pasts.) So, reads on that fx; "The uncharted nature of the assignment compounded the technological problems. Auditors realised that the site held three times more plutonium than originally reported." ; Also, (that continues w.) "Workers came across surprising discoveries such as a buried train car loaded with the contaminated carcasses of lab animals, a storage room of dirty baby diapers, and soil so radioactive it could kill on contact." (And also, continues w.) "In the nineties, Hanaford contractors ran through scores of billions of dollars only to admit that they needed twice as much money and time. ..."(; p. 294 - italics were added by me.)

(...No more said, or pointed from - for I only recently even become any better aware 'bout the said Hanaford factory's former existence. ; ...To these reads, actually that Ozersk felt not near so 'obscured' chapter on these pasts - at least I have a vague idea having read 'bout sime lot to that by formerly, time-to-time. But, perhaps surprisingly, not nearly anything for the same level of cons that US-'comparable'.)
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...From those nuclear 'pasts', only to it's early endangerements, earlier also read (of a one other book) that during those decades of an armaments (and, when it was from constant assumed only how soon that feared IIIrd world war would for break up), by the 1950s to 1960s mostly, U.S. army planes fx had some closer 30-40 accidents where nuclear bombs carrying planes did crash. Either right after their taking off from airports. (Which, did represent the most common case-examples, prob. Several cases where then a relative 'safe' emergency-landings taken on a same base.) Or, alternatively then, cases where there were accidents at their landing on arrival to the destination bases. - Or, sometimes the same in the 'midst' from their flights. (...Accidents w. the varying severity. Ranging ftom the total crash-landings to the said 'quite successfull' emergency-landings on a same take-off airport.) And some cases, which were noted of been the far more devastating. (For example, a few cases where the whole plane crashed, within it's pieces and the carried materials from 'scattered' for areas 'wide over'.)

; As from acc the general safety regulations none of the bombs carried weren't ever tuned on (to detonating), there were not further 'accidental' nuclear-explosions. - But fx, in many those occasions, cases the carried nuclear bombs could've been from completely lost. ; So, fx from one singular accident I recall to having read, that in the circumstances; '...the pilot, the plane, or the bomb' were never to be discovered'.

(Addit) ; ...Don't know whether the british media, ie "Russia's 'slow-motion Chernobyl' at sea", would necessary appear the foremost comprihensive source on informations on Sovjet/Russian nuclear histories and accidents; But at least that then seems inform that (finally) there now is decided from effort to lifting up some those sunken nuclear submarines. (Which still remaining to the continuing threat, at the bottom from the several arctic seas.) - And, no question about, to the more catastrophic realities 'prospecting' is the articles' concluding, it stating that w. the current rate of building more nuclear-powered 'vessels'; "...there could be as many as 114 nuclear reactors in operation in the Arctic by 2035, almost twice as many as today."

Also; ...On another source that I did only come to view fromafter writing the most parts this post seems have a 'catalog' [...??, anycase at Atomic Archive ; on https://www.atomicarchive.com/almanac/broken-arrows/index.html] from the disappeared and (in some cases still later) unlocated nuclear carriers, from the past years - the accidentally 'lost' planes and submarines w. weapons. A typical 'accidental incident', or, just one entry on that list for the examples:

" Date: March 10, 1956

Location: Exact Location Unknown

Carrying two nuclear capsules on a nonstop flight from MacDill Air Force Base near Tampa, Florida to an overseas base, a B-47 was reported missing. It failed to make contact with a tanker over the Mediterranean for a second refueling. No trace was ever found of the plane."

(Not all of the cases, though, feat the accidents, crashes or 'wreckages' where nuclear devices were from completely lost.)

Consequently, by now, it (all that history) might be realistic a reminder that accidents more rarely 'ring the bells', of priorly (beforehand).

- Not on that paranoid 1950s, nor any later known cases from. Anycase the whole of it, post world-war era, there (smght) recognizable in all the former 1950s cold-war paranoia. Smght in it that seems known of had 'captivated' and kept the recovering populaces, along w. their 'leadership', in a sort futuristic 'atomic faith' and determination. ; Something which we now presently see from it's total devoid even in anything to any realistic logic, for which the whole of the futures (were) estimated 'expendable', even. – Even from all the modern 'threats', by that realisation 'bout how wide-spread was then that strive for endangering of 'all of a human-kind', in the early arms-race period, you can't also avoid of that (rather common, standard) thought 'bout: ...Some 'suicidal tendencies' in humanity ? Such as is the often presented, (and simplifying) Freudian post-conclusion to all in that 1950s?

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Anyway...to return for that Diamond. ; Also on his book presents, along w. a discussion on climatic aspects (little later on pages), some views that seem relate only to the more regular, 'standard notice'.

; Fx, for such I find the claim that after a Chernobyl-accident the peoples global opinions largely 'shifted' to oppese the nuclear energy (and, that then led on a halting of it's developing, nuclear 'renewal') – Esp. so, in the Americas, such as one familiar for history of accidents might know, of remember. ; ...Nevertheless, I also then kind from recall read that during for somewhat few years later (2000s), that, along w. Bush's governance from strongly backing and putting on effect it's (globally) climate-disastrous fossil energies favorable politics - There as well was the extensions 'admitted' on an operational life-times for the then existant american nuclear plants. ; However, we've also remarked of that priorly – In which the view-point, simply, was about (the) similarly to the airplanes, that on during their 'take off' (and when landing) are more 'prone' to accident (Or from any 'emergency' taking place.). Also then, the nuclear plants seem of recognized to the more vulnerable for accidents any times during their begins of the uses – And, then the closer the ends by their operational time periods. (Tend from become, by 'average', for the more risky.) ; Of generally, relative few from the world's nuclear plants seem to had "ended" in this manner - Since not so many have reached the 40, 60 y., their original 'operational age' so far.) Probably(/perhaps?), there is more numbers in some that'd, 'during the years', got closed due because of the safety reasons...'ao' reasons. (Don't know 'bout...won't actually bother to 'dig up' the relevant information cons that...so my guess, only.)

But by anycase, it's quite resemblant than what would concern roughly any technical 'device' – their potential for malfunctions and 'fails' always becomes the greater just at the begins and 'shutting down', on early and latter part the maintained time of use.

(beside) - Some Ants, photographed at some of the earliest warmer days to this Spring. - Maybe around by mid/-early from an April. ; ...Actually, those were seen for warming at the sun rays, over a some black (hard plastic) tube, left in the one wooded spot here I was walking on. (And well, little 'investigating'.) The tube lead for the ant-hill, and guess, them were then on 'walks' too, makin' a sort of a 'ant-road' over that, such as ants often have - they actually form paths or 'roads' like humans. The ant-hill was certainly the largest I've from seen at anyplace on here to any 'semi-woods', some at the 'midst' my these "near-by's". ; ...But that made me then think about what the difference at the uses from that 'material' - which was generally an unecological, not decomposing, not in any practical time-scales 'renewable' at least. The ants used it to 'warming' themselves (or whatever that early activity, 'road' meant for - But as a typical sign from some former human 'activity', it represented itself merely as some extra rubbish, having been left or forgotten in the midst of that small wood.
(You perhaps got the view-point: Some say, that the H.Sapiens being for the most stupid of species. I often agree, but the claim can also give some 'inspire' for this kind contemplations...Whom actually, at the final 'instance', appears the more adaptive: 'Man' or an...Ant ?.)
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“Reason that we did this job is because it was an organic necessity.”

(Oppenheimer) – on (some) speech, can't exactly remember for when...

- Perhaps that claim/expressed given right after the infamous 1^st nuclear explosion in the World, by that y. 1945. (...suppose that it's correct origin? For, I didn't actually bother to look about that, by precisely.)

'The Merchant of Death' (phrase...) ; ...Doesn't mean that the en-lenghtened 'use-times' of the nuclear plants would've for automatically to predict their likehoods for any serious disaster – but in the world there at least used of be some 500 plants in operation (When I last glanced about, to a several years past), then you by some logic estimate that in many cases there must a large number the older ones too. And their risks certainly can't represent the decline in any 'risk factor', merely to represent some increase in that, the longer them to remain been or maintained at use.

(Photo) : Daphne (-mezereum) - A very poisonic natural plant..and so the kids are to usual 'early education' for serious forewarned from not to eat the Daphne's bright-red berries. (...Mezereum has some endangering toxic contents from. From eating those the 'effect' is said lead an aching, felt 'burnings' in the body's physical organs. Eating any larger amounts from cause a subsequent painful death.) ; However, such as often typical/occasional to the poisonic plant - It's flowers are for the most enchanting by their appeareance. Grows as a small shrub, or 'twig'. It takes some time for it's growth, but flowers emerge in some years(?) old shrubs when there's still (...usually) some snows in the ground, ie already on March.

Of course, also, when reading the particulars of that most famous accident (the Chernobyl-disaster) in the pasts, one can't quite avoid the impression that apparent (that) at 'Sovjet-system' of nuclear energy some for more serious flaws existed. And that'd, afterwards, can easily be read for had 'pre-set' the better known from major disasters, which was already there “in the making”. Similarly than any nuclear histories could be viewed, in cases from any accidents that seen take place - before and postafter that Chernobyl. ; Anyway, consequence then was the more serious accident – And now more renown than others usual seen as for some from it's 'comparables'.

; Reading, even a little on those histories of the Sovjet, one then can't also much escape of notion that the possibility to the more serious disaster in some from RBMK-reactor models would've been only a matter of some time. Such as then happened, after those innumerable plenty, several 'lesser' faults and smaller-scale disasters - Including that one on above noted above noted at, that Ozersk -57. (See of the quotations above, on begins. Also, again, Brown (2013-book) offers the plentyful 'backgrounds' on about accident's formerly for quite little known history. ao histories.) ...Interestingly, as some examples of a present public 'little known' – or perhaps from only to own inadequate reads prior this writing - I actually, formerly had assumed the noted Ozersk-case (the radioctive waste container 'spill'), and that Maiak-accident by same year meant the very same incident. ; But, in the more 'precise' look, fx acc the referred book (Plutopia, of 2013) it seems noted that in an only 'official' record of that (plutonium) plant at Maiak, there said been at least 3 separate major accidents, in some varying “severity” form. (Plus, all from it's even more vast environmental and human sufference, it's contamination histories maybe in some later 'page' covered at this, on this writing.... ; Matter-a-fact, probably I'd formerly confused that -57 accident to a -55 case, some prevented in the 'last-minute'.)

(Addit.) ; ...In fact, from now reading that, I notice that Brown seems provide on that an even more compact decscript., some that leaves not a place for any 'partial view'. (Or say, little room to any misinterpretating.) ...The paragraph begins w. noticing that in Chernobyl, post-accident, the Ukrainian 'liquidators' in area discovered that soon arriving 'specialists' had 'uncannily knowledgeable' to consequent actions in the cases from the radioactive accidents. And so (those specialists) ; "...They recommended burying cottages in pits, shaving away the top layers of soil, spreading fertilizer to stave off radioactive mimics of essential minerals, cutting down forests turned red from exposure, and rinsing streets with special chemicals devised for radioactive spills. How did they know so much? Most liquidators in Ukraine had no idea that Chernobyl was not the nation's first nuclear disaster or that, from a scientific perspective, there was little that was new in the Chernobyl cleanup. The emergency actions in Ukraine had all played out before in 1951, 1953, 1955, 1957, and 1967 in the Urals.
In other ways, too, Chernobyl repeated the experience of its progenitors in the military nuclear industry. The Chernobyl RBMK reactors were designed to produce both electric power and plutonium. The Chernobyl plant exploded because of problems that had plagued the Maiak plant for decades: irresponsible management, poorly trained workers, rushed and faulty designs, and procedures that emphasized the economy over safety. As in Ozersk, the sole whistle-blowers at the Chernobyl plant were KGB agents, who had wide powers to access classified records... [but, whose warnings of, ao, an 'alarming accident records' were 'largely ignored'] ... The compartmentalisation of information, the secrecy, the failure to inform the public of radiation dangers, the evacuations that occurred with critical delays, the deployment of expendable prisoners and soldiers on the most dangerous jobs, the failure to inform these 'jumpers' and other employees of ways to protect themselves, the unpredictability of radioactive fallout in concentrated hot spots outside the neat zones of concentric circles - all were eerie repetitions of the plutonium disasters of the previous four decades. The only new feature in 1986 was that the catastrophe occurred while the cameras were running." (Plutopia; p. 284-5)

So, pretty much that traces the 'story'. ('Also', and such as we already by priorly, oftenmost noted for), or how we on earlier these writing had for the remarked: Any militaristic use always tends to from considerably increase a risk from some majors accident happening. Or of worse.; [Addit:] ...And, such as we to these reads for the 'case histories' find rather quite 'confirmed - Only of the examples such as the Windscale (Britain); Or, from the Japan. (Where the early reactor-models I now seem notice said for the 'copied' of the US-military-based ones.) Or, along discussed renown 'case histories', the numerous accidents in the Sovjets (In those infamous RBMK-reactors, prob. mostly). And if you'd then think that finding to some 'relief for', in some reasons, from some/any overt 'optimistical estimate based only on these fewsomes in the nuclear-energy historics...

...That noted, yet, having to also notice: Despite that the Three Mile Island-accident (the reactor meltdown, U.S. Harrisburg, in the 1970s), apparently, ain't said to had caused any human deaths (At least not 'directly' such as is said.) – American citizens then probably, consequently, nowadays would think themselves to only had some luck in that during the 'Reaganesque' 1980s, the similarly war-devoted, nuclear arms-race investing government(s) didn't realise some disasters of just as similar scope in an american soils. (...In some resulted 'once and for all' polluting of the crop-fields, the human healths, ...plus then that always guarded nuclear public-'facade' gotten for permanent 'contaminated'. If the latter mentioned even then possible, given all of a public distrust from 'engathered' with the years)

(...Ao, as it being also readable only on that little what at above quotatations – on above quoted from that Brown (,on the 2015-book) also seems it contain a mention that during Reagan's administration it was from ordered the '...long-mothballed Hanford Plutonium Plant' of to restart it's production again. During those same 'warring' years, by the same 1980s. (...Of these later reads learned that about it's 'dismanting', it was 'announced' already by during the Johnson years, late 1960s) ; Or, it seems said of began in some more 'minor level' already by the latter years from Carter's presidency (Such as I now also seem to read about.)

; ...Smght more close to our present timing, perhaps - (Diamond) then as well remarks that 'since 1945' there having been (only) '...two known events...[where] accidents at nuclear power stations did kill people [...from directly, that should read. ...'plus',] 'the large but uncertain' numbers those who died 'subsequently of the radiation' released in those two accidents. (;p. 403, italics added by me.)'; The two mentioned cases that Chernobyl-accident, by 1986 as we would know. And the Fukushima-reactor accident(s) in Japan (For which the year 2011 is given.)
And maybe so.

...Although, that latter one also leaves me little uncertain of the year, or 'specifics' for the some sayings in that remark. ; Reading anything to the nuclear (industry's) histories, you soon, fx, learn to recognize that usually the given figure to any reactor-accident's victims tends hide the larger numbers aspects that are left devoid the mentioned. - ...Since I also kind of recall for read, by formerly, when I first did slight observe these 'histories', that the Tokaimura-accident said lead for deaths of at least two from plant's employees. (In the facility constructed for the nuclear waste 'post-processing' purposes. That one also in Japan, by the y. -99) ; ...And that even without going for anything to more specific on the mentions of the potential 'less direct' consequences; The increases, often discussed many cases cons the noted cancers subsequent some radiation-related accident/'leaks', plus the other similarly connected diseases, and plus then still even more of a variety cases where it could've resulted to, is (maybe, often) left to only speculative issue for whether the released contaminations might've increased any possibilities from the long term illnesses, since them usual are noted for become discovered only by the 'after-years'. Etc...

; The whole from that (often downscaled) figure of the ('direct') victims from nuclear pollution, which so often is for 'drawn' aforth. (...for a side-mention: on that 'count', one learns some plenty, also fx reading from that Brown (2013), btw p. 178-188. Or, cons the more lots at that on about those Sovjet-pasts, esp the polluting from that Techa-river, in Ural, etc... ; Or, also cons that Lake Karachay) ; ( From cons the victims to the nuclear accidents, the fewsome counted in that long lived 'official figure' from - it being a bit like...If I'd to say that because to the remains of a vulcano-explosion in the Pompey (79? A.D.) only so-and-so many victims have been to present ages of discovered - in form from those famous 'ash-moulds', under rained vulcanic 'layers' having covered them and left the empty 'spaces' in the midst, in place victims bodies – Then, apparently (?) that volcano erupting did kill only from 'so-and-so many'.)

And there's other obvious reasons why the Chernobyl-accident became, and remains, the crucial 'turning point' in the global alarm about the nuclear safety. (Hence those many 'cover-ups' and efforts for hiding it's 'left-after', made by the nuclear industry.) ; ...Of that view-point, for reminded, one needs only fx cite to thise the few followed (briefer) passages of that Plokhy (of pages 210; 224). For, ao, fromafter then in the soon 'after-days' of the accident it was fx 'found necessary' that:

“...Legasov was allowed to install his water filters, while Velikhov could go ahead with freezing the ground under the reactors and constructing a concrete platform there. The latter was an enormous undertaking. They began drilling around the reactor and pumping liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 100 degrees Celsius below zero into the tunnels. It was calculated that 25 tonnes of liquid nitrogen per day would be required to keep the earth around the reactor frozen and the reactor cool. It was anybody's guess whether that would work. The reactor kept heating up and erupting with clouds of radioactive dust, releasing close to 7 million curies into the atmosphere on May 4. Those clouds carried the radiation all over Europe.” ;

“The scientists were worried that the use of heavy machinery could make the reactor building's foundation shift and possibly crack, releasing radioactive substances from the reactor's core into the earth and affecting groundwaters. The miners were therefore forbidden to use any heavy equipment. They had to dig virtually with their bare hands and push carts full of soil out of the tunnel, also by hand. And dig and push they did. ...”

(Also, like nowadays better known, the amount of the people estimated gotten exposed to radiation, w. the resultant damages of health and various health concern resultant is usually estimated w. the varying figure from the 'several thousands' to a several hundred thousands.)

“... Yet in the five years immediately following the 1986 accident, Ukrainian officials and scientists confirmed the national cancer rate increase of well over 5 percent in adults and 90 percent in the regions children.“ ;

“...For their part, the United Nations and some prominent Chernobyl disaster scholars continue to discount as mistaken or Radiophobic ...claims of additional, short-term, direct deaths due to accident-attributable trauma or radiation sickness not counted in the official tallies of the accident's death toll.” ; From some web-source (Not wrote down on which – Might have been on a Wikipedian-entry for the accident's health consequences...)

; ...From (somewhat) contrastively for our former remarks, p-o-w's - One would also think it at least a level quite reliable an 'argument' that the several countries have now, to some times, used their nuclear energy-plants without similar (devastating) fails. (Or at least not of any similar major accidents suffered.) So on that book (Upheaval, p. 404) Diamond seems quite correct write that: 'France has generated most of its national electricity requirements from nuclear reactors for many decades without an accident. ... South Korea, Taiwan, Finland, and many other countries also generated much electricity...without significant accidents.' ; (But, also then remember some remarks to our former most previous few posts. ...Fx that one w. the reference on that French 'near' nuclear disaster/accident taken places, by the year 1999.)

; Yet, also, like as well we've noted earlier before, the 'clean up' always was the biggest issue that the nuclear industry never wanted for taken on it's energy-calculation. (...The costs, the unnerving possibility of those negative health effects, plus all the social concerns – Or, cons the people's felt distrust whether there's any reliability on a (said) safetyness of formerly polluted sites – As the possibility about the contaminating particles w. radioactive 'remains' always would 'remain'. ; Subsequently, constantly some of former nuclear bomb test-sites seem, fx, often seen their renewed de-contamination operations during the decades following. – Not either much anything that'd arise any 'trust' on about what often made the 'officially' told “truth”.)

...And basically the same concerning the often debated figures, stats and claims by level from severity in any accidents, or the major 'faults' in reactors (During the nuclear reactors past uses suffered.) A few areas in the modern technology, histories, that'd would contain so much a disputed claim and – for apparent – intentioned 'uncertainties' around, about.

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Yet to mention that I don't exactly, in a straight-forward manner reject any techs and, well, some “progressive” views about it's any 'benefits'. (While I don't believe it for, anyhow from 'benefitting' on the human kind, in general - Not as such...) - So, Here, fx the entry I lately glanced, from on (some) newssing for perhaps latest(?) at the fusion-research. (On a built 'experimental'-reactor, fusion plant named Tokamak.) - But oh! (?), ...that article wouldn't now seem to be 'around and easily discoverable' to us. So, then after a brief look did notice this, ('Uk hatches plan to build world's first fusion power plant') Which probably, would from have the 'most', the basic essential cons the issue. (Of the present plan and the 'situation' from, by now.

; ...I recall of had by earlier wrote, now to some years ago, that if a fusion-(energy reactor) were possible for 'invented', it would've basically solve all the vast numbers problem w. the nuclear power. (But also that it for being a possibility from more 'unlikelier' still.) ...Whether or not it (fusion-energy) would've be by someday actually become an 'operational' a solution (ie, actually practical and functional in the more wider uses) – By now looking the issue; The vast amounts that fx this seems to costed so far, onto it's present 'stage' from - One tends to have an impression that any actually functional fusion-plants wouldn't arrive in a time from to make some meaningful solution on the climatic 'problems'. ; ...In that above the planned years for a mentioned countries invested to the building from first usable (smaller) fusion-reactors to be completed would seem giving the timings of years 2040 (UK), and for 2035 (France).

(; ...Given the usual 'case histories', and the observed care of neglect in the former nuclear 'pasts' - plus the fact about it's usual habit to turn out for surprising 'costy' (,expensive) for the taxpayers, of course - Which at our writing on at this and elsewhere before so much from covered - the following 'side-mention' noted of an above link then don't so very much...from assure us, either; "Scientists hope that the smaller facility ...will prove cheaper. But it's reduced size could also bring problems, ...
...for spherical tokamaks there are many unknowns, she says. 'That means there is more risk, but on the flip side, it could also mean there is more to discover and perhaps more to optimize.") - 'Perhaps', whose to say, I therefore choose to leave any conclusions of the lastest to anyone's own making, by this case... (Indeed, it's now usual, of all that former 'experience' 'till present day, that a mention on that 'flip side', the one about the risk in connected w. the nuclear energies, 'any form' - Often it sufficient to horrifies people enough for them to most quickly from turning their attention elsewhere, for the 'next page'.)

And even...if it somehow did/would (the fusion, energy-plants turn out for the 'realizable', an alternative) : You then have the other obvious questions, the same ones than which usually are found to relating for most uses from almost any modern 'high-tech'. (When it to had arrived, or from gotten for 'commercialised'.) - Does that ever seem to result, or realising from to actually to benefit the 'poor and the deprived' (,of the world) ? In other words; even any recognition for the invents, these modern technological “wonders”, tends in the climatic issues to always returns for that same question of the global inequality. And to that (basis), one concludes that the actual modern clean energy-revolution, if for meaningful climatically, it's always more likely from to happen in the form of solutions and changes away off the former existant – that what from it's 'manifestations' was the centralised, and nowadays the multinational-owned, costly 'solutions'. (The past suppressive and mostly non-renewable sectors, in that meaning. Not of to excluding a mention of the millions and billions for that 'overhaul', and in the decontamination costs.) ; Some 're-emergence' of the actual energy-revolution being, besides, already for happening.

Additionally, there also then presently number human energy uses that fusion, if actually invented and practical wouldn't so neatly solve. At least in the transports. Besides, the preceded few selective looks on the horrifying and neglecting histories in beyond the present 'fission'-plants really don't exactly strenghten the assurances the 'fusion' would've to emerge of its (possible) 'begins' to some manner a more universal and less discriminating an energy-form.

But, cons this, I also eagerly admit not of having the very latest familiarity on anything 'bout, the fusions 'potentials' – or, say for it's 'current promise'. (Whatever it's actual 'worth'...)
I also mean, it's actually not the less astonishing nowadays to notice for what all else lot in a modern innovation there seems - during only few recent decades - for shown capable to 'reveal'. Such as fx on this. (...Another article on Nature. On about the atoms and techniques to their 'microscopic' observation.)

So let us then only say that the effectual uses, in any soon time, seem rather...unlikely.

Pic (right beside...) : ...from Valentina...'s adventures' (Crepax). Of a story by name "Anthropology", published by the y. -77. More precisely - such as I noted of that compilation to Crepax's works - of the fewsome pages to an 'after-story' the story, published only on some mag, to an additional separate closing for the story... ; Perhaps some of the Crepax's cleverast singular details, at his comic stories...

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; ...Such as we from formerly often been noting, the present problems, emerged from relating on the humanity's (global) energy-uses, it's exceeding any realistic 'limit', those don't seem to any manner 'solved' w. the further increasage of an energy produced. – Acc the former experience such seems only, merely, before functioned for to realising the more in emissions generated, the more 'piled up' at our already prevailent vast consumeristic GHS-'footprint'. Yearly and daily.

Below (Pic) : ...Also of the Lee-(Ditko's) Dr Strange. From mag Feb 33/1978, 'Through a Glass, Strangely' (A dream weaver-story. 'Adapted' in the phantasy comics 'dimensions', sort from... (But I wonder from whether that, the drawing, was based on - suppose' it - Rod Stewart-album ? Or, vice versa, ? Whichever the 'original source' - or, whatever else then was...)

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'Beyond fictions' – This present age.

; “Case histories and novels are 'fabulations' which translate or gesture towards the unspeakable in terms of human experience. In the post-Aushchwitz, post-Hiroshima age, the fabulators have kept the faith with remarkable resilience.

The career of H.G. Wells most vividly illustrates the twentieth century's abandoning faith in God and science and finally art. From the utopian vision of The World Set Free we may move to the coalescing of private fears and public chaos in The Shape of Things to Come (1933), where the 'sibylline' dreams of Dr Raven are at odds with his public confidence; or more personally to The Mind at the End of it's Tether (1945), written before Hiroshima but suffused with post-nuclear paralysis. To Wells it seemed that the human mind was now pursuing and contriving only 'endings and death' (30). He recognized, like so many other writers of the nuclear age, the lust for apocalypse:

We want to be in at the death of Man and to have a voice in his final replacement by the next Lord of Creation, even if, Oedipus-like, that successor's first act be parricide. (19)

Like the critics of Holocaust writing, Wells now felt that the fate of the Earth was beyond fiction. ...” (Dowling, -87) : Fictions of Nuclear Disaster (; p. 149.)

(It - the quote above - then continues w. the notice that he [Wells, ended from pessimistical, of the fictions possibilities for a...realistic descript, on it's capacity to "see", 'or say 'reveal' (smght) past the 20 century horrifications to the 'nuclear ends'], ...while of priorly [he] '...had shown...an ability to imagine a waste land of haunting power, ... ') ...Etc. (, the sentences continue.)

; But briefly - if I lastly think from the Climate-issue only – And I don't, “anymore”, so much view anything of these aspect that much in the view-point from some amount energies generated. (Or how them best generated by non-pollutive productions from.) Or, even of view how those emissions would get the best way for down-scaled. (While the both things having their utmost necessity, by obviously.)

Pic : Frog, seen amongst the several at their Springly swims on a flowing water (creek), this year. About...maybe it was April (/May, around by the 'labour-day' celebrations, possibly.) ...Likely the depicted a Common Frog, one from those only fewsome native amphibian species that do appear at here environments.

; It being actually from as well, or even more, a question about from the amount for the environments that are being for reserved. Not necessary all can be 'conserved' in their 'pristine' level. (Little exists that way even, anymore.) But in a state from what would benefit the actually health-supporting and 'tolerable', in times by these advancing future climates. It's about how those environments, their remains kept as much as possible still nearer to their 'natural balance'. Unlike from any other factors in the 'climatic calculation', the environments you simply can't replace from w. some other (man-made) 'variable' with. (Can't change the 'figures', as the environments actually change acc their own rate, logic.) ; Simply, for the humanity, it's most about finally recognizing what danger lies in exceeding those 'safe limits' – smght that is far nearer than used to be, previously was. Having considerable neared only by during a few latest decades. (And the needed actual change for certainly isn't achievable w. a more 'installed' nuclear plants.)

It's about taking notices of the present warning-signs. Also of the birds, beetles, frogs. (And of the increased 'battering heats', some that tell of the fastening climatic 'shift', during this nowadays rather well-renown 'sixth extinctions-age'.)
; And foremost it's about being open for an actual change.
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“...To drop a metaphor: history informs us that such things have been done or have occurred; but when we come to inquire into motives and characters, it is the most false and partial and unsatisfactory authority we refer to. Women are illustrious in history, not from what they have been in themselves, but generally in proportion to the mischief they have done or caused.” (Jameson, Anna), from Characteristics of Women, p. 1832 (;Vol I.)

Pic (beside) : ...Of that Meziéres-Christin early space comics-album, 'Bad Dreams'. ...The most classic one to the Laureline (-Valerian) story-plots. (Actually) the earliest one of those, from the y. -67.

(...So what comes for the general characteristics on about that nuclear-energy 'form'. ; Seems to me, that only these, few, observances shown from of the rather similar discovery than what we've noted by before. – Much in that, much the same way about, for how it appears to 'always' been. That looks...a lot like 'playing games w the God', and on the very edges of his/her own field. For/of how 'serious' you think the game, that depends solely of how long, you choose for to think, the luck by “your” very own can last...And that not from a very good foreboding as any calculation, obviously.)
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;

“The analysis, ...says intensive agriculture is the main driver of the declines, particularly the heavy use of pesticides.” ; “The 2.5 per cent rate of annual loss over the last 25-30 years is 'shocking' ...in 100 years you will have none.” ; Guardian - on 10.2.2020

;

“Water is an integral part of bioplanning. Not only is essential for plant life, but it is also necessary for the animal kingdom within a garden. Without it the gardener assumes the aspect of desert for many species. Water can take the form of a series of artisticially arranged shallow bowls with pebbless placed as small islands in the bowls, a birdbath, an artificial bog garden, a small water garden, or a running water feature of some kind. The latter is water in its ideal form. The sound of running water, splashing and gurgling with its amplified resonance, has a magical, pleasing, and relaxing quality to the human ear.

Ponds large and small in a north temperate climate add a dimension to gardening that is as filled with pleasure as it is astonishing. The numbers of common skimmers, most usually dragon flies, seen flying over the smallest surface of water is a visual treat taken for granted in North America but noticeably absent in an English garden due to the demise of so many species. Many birds flop down for private bathing, and many garter and various snakes take an elegant swim. ...Frogs of all kinds are attracted by the call of water.

A bird bath, however, is the most commin water feature in the garden. It should be placed near shrubbery... In times of drought or water restriction, a floater (a small piece of softwood) should be placed in the birdbath. The small insects, honey bees, wasps, butterflies, and many other beneficial insects will use this as a drinking fountain. If honey bees are closely watched drinking, their pumping mechanism can be observed. Bees, while pumping water, are intent on their business and completely ignore human inspection of their work habits. Bird baths should be kept clean and topped up with fresh water as needed.“

; “A bat house should be erected in an out-of-the-way place to entice bats into the garden, as these much maligned beneficial creatures may eat many times their own weight in mosquitoes and other predacious insects in an evening's hunt.

My friends don't even know this, but I wear the same jacket every day feeding the birds during cold winter months. I always use the same feeding call. Now the birds follow me when I cross country ski during the winter or work in the garden during the summer. One day my husband threw on his old jacket and was so impressed that the birds were so friendly around him. ...Some things are better unsaid.” (Beresford-Kroeger): Bioplanning a North Temperate Garden (Orig. p.1999 ; 2004 ed, p. 24-5; 27.)

; The Gardens I cared for...

'Hii-hiii...there ain't no other like me...' ; Well, not quite. Now we actually even have - Two plants of that species Anchusa officinalis, (ie Alkanet, or by other name, the Common Bugloss).

Reason for it's mention – and of that pic here – just from that in the latest season's post did present this species and praised for it's nice, blueish flowering in the garden. Can't now recall if mentioned about that it's 'base leafs' grow for the looks to like those of the thistles. (Them being rather large and even look little...'spiky', say.)

Photo(s): (above) - Hepatica - the photo, from some previous years (, ...'supposedly'.) The fewsome to those at garden were in flowering by the March-April...quite the similar as before. Almost like that lack from the snows during our latest winter wouldn't for so much prevented, or hindered them from that...Well, I have them in the quite good places. ; Now actually in plans for to have planted - of grown first, obviously - the more 'early Spring' natural native flowers... ; (below) pic - Alkanet (anchusa off.) - The seedling, that is about 3-4 weeks old in the pic. (Such as it was around by then mid-April, of so supposing of that timing...)

Such as is usual from native plants, it is not necessary add fertilizer on the seedlings during the pregrowing period. (That from, since it's a 'semi-native' species, such as to the Alkanet we might find...quite 'fitting' a descript.) ; Already by now (, by the late April, I notice it was...) that seems from fill it's container, almost - While there still (was...) at least a 1.5 Months until it can be planted out. ('Suppose I made the mistake to add some for it, during the last year– Yet, as you see, even without any fertilize the growth seems appear from just as effective.)

; ...But, as a matter a fact, now it being the June – And I then already planted that on the garden-bench. (About the late by May.)

And then; of that has to be mentioned also, the (surprising !) finding that also to this season...I only succeeded of grow only one plant of these. ; Seems that was just like during the previous summery season/Spring from my effort on them. - I carefully planted there a fewsome of the seeds (3-6 maybe), some I had left in the bag. But again: Only one plant actually emerged (!!, ?).

Anyhow – whatever the main reason to their 'scarcity' for germinating, indoors - from originally did select the species w. a purpose to add some more from native plant, on the 'midst' by my any others. Shall then see if I'm actually having from later of weed off some, perhaps resultant 'offspring' proves the more 'multiplying' in garden. (In case they then happen for turn to more frequent increases in the garden.) The plant emerged from quite large, takes quite much space and 'resources' of the area it covering. (Like any other larger perennial would.)

; Otherwise – like maybe was former prior said - it seems not need much any particular care in the garden The only necessities are some amounts the sunshine (ie, not on any very 'shady' place.) And (perhaps) a little, some 'standard' amount addit fertilizing. ; So only on the germination those seems presented some amount difficulty. But actually the ones that then emerged didn't take for very long – Maybe a few weeks from the seeds planted, and then pregrowing, indoors, from some couple Months. It could've been planted earlier, very well, but the growth is apparently better only when the Summer-warms arriving. (Onwards from June...)

...If on indoors planted; ...A fewsome to it's early leafs may 'dry out' in the room temperatures – But: It's quite quick for grow some new ones in replace those. And that growth 'developed' the more effective, the longer the days do emerge. ; In short, small plants tolerate easily some Springtime-heat (battery-heat), and also aren' very vulnerable for resulted drying. Of course, during that time it needs an occasional watering – Planting outdoors is best then 'timed' for around/after the begins by that June. (Can be planted earlier even, like noted.)

So, 'semi-native', they're also quite cold-tolerant. Quite old, long-ago 'arrived' plants on here, actually. Might've been 'carried' itself, seeds spread along the early nomads, 'farmers' by the late Iron-age. Or, by during an early 'middle-age'. (...'Supposin', :)

; The previous year sowed plant looks very impressive now, w. the several stems growing, all have numbers for it's loveliest small blue flowers. Also it is said to a favored plant to the bees too, etc.

The one planted by the last year is now almost in flowers (actually, like said, now flowers...), being among earliest to my Summery perennials.
(Might've been, due of that I quite plentyful watered the whole bench during a few latter weeks by May, when it was drier and any Spring-rains were in lacking. The plants at the lower level that bench, then, might've received the little less of water - But that might've actually been for just a sufficient, correct 'amount'... )

(Pic) : ...Some wood-borer decorations, that felt nice to photograph. (Sometimes often discoverable for under the bark at any piece for log of wood. These on the birch.)
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'Bloody Hot...' ; ...Not formerly described on my early writes this one for the season's new species (...suppose i not,) This large impressive specim belongs to clovers (it's Melilotus officinalis, Yellow Sweet Clover) – Noted for a perennial and not the biennial. Or at least making a one whose specim should be expectable to last a several years in the garden, in the spot them from planted.

Pic : Yellow Sweet Clovers. Some located at the garden greenhouse, at the 'sand-warmed' pregrowth-base such as can be seen. They're lookin' much smaller by that early (early May...?), of course - By now the one plant has a number separate stems (or the 'twigs' from) and supposin' it might start for blooms by any..weeks from now. Or perhaps closer for the July... (However, some reason to experiment planting them this way, was, originally of the aspect that on indoors - early sowed, already by Feb - the quick growth by some plants seemed to develop the stems rather thin. ...Thought that perhaps then it would've had led for to too 'weak' stems, when brought on outdoors by May/June. ; Anycase, from ultimately - After this 'process'; of the indoors to the garden greenhouse, and, then lastly removed on their 'final' spots - Some placed in gardens thenafter (early on June) seemed at first a bit suffered from that continuous removing - didn't take on the same 'pace' of growth to so very soon - but from the favorable weathers we've been having (20 to 25 C, max) them seem now from well 'recovering'. So of this 'method', said that it seemed quite practical in uses.
Although, obviously, to most flowers - at least from the more demanding seasonal some - to the more effective would probably been from if them sowed directly for the greenhouse 'spot' and that way saved the trouble to their continuous 'shifting'. ; However, fx the Sweet Clovers seem to need somewhat longer pregrowing period. So it perhaps don't turn out very succesfull planting them 'out' by, say, at May. But like noted, as clovers, they're a relative 'gregarious' growers...and easily adapted. (Did I mentioned in the 'mains' them should appear perennials ? - Can therefore now enjoy for those 'bee-tempters' to several Summer-times onwards from now...)

(Some other) specifics given that, it not tolerates the standing water for very long. And then; Preferably the 'calcareous or clay soils'. ; In the Full sunlight, if possible. - Or, in an 'ideal Summer' (on a 'good spot') the partial sunlight could do.
It's then also suggestive add some sand in the base, if a soil happens appear be any too 'thick'. Advice that I then followed...And for a place to the temporarily 'pregrowth', it seemed a good idea try the growing on greenhouse-base – An 'experiment' this picture now then shows. Inside the greenhouse, in a thinned soil it indeed seemed to grow very...gregariously. ; But I already also resultant discovered that from 'replanting' them don't continue in quite similar straightforward way for growths. – Due because that in the greenery the stems also seem get quite 'overgrown'. (Ie, they then need still now little 'adjusting-time' on a bit chillier and more demanding weatheric condition outside.) ...Nevertheless I think the 'effort' might actually aided their growth. In a few specim I planted in greenery, the roots simply grew faster in that warm. – So my these plants are, indeed, to quite well developed already by now. ...Suppose I'll keep one from those in the greenery, just to see of how soon that to develop flowers then.

; Matter-a-fact, did plant on their 'final spots' a fewsome these too, by now. The rest of (some not in greenhouse 'pregrown') I'll probably plant by until the mid-Summer. So, next that we'll see them – Should be on the flowering, then.

(Photo), beside left - Not of the Sweet Clovers (flowering) - But of Lathyrus Vernus flowers - Another nice 'cloverine' species in our natural flowers. (I've actually, a few occasions, tried to sowing those at the garden - but, in vain. All seeds failed germinate. From reason why - I haven't discovered.) ; L.Vernus - by it's common name Spring Pea or Spring Vetch, is the enchanting blooming flower on a boreal forest/mixed forest where the ground is suitable (and from relative 'low-fertile') ; ...Increasing only (or, mostly?) via their quite large seeds, them usually seen as 'scattered' singular specimens, here and there - But this year I also actually spotted 'a growth' where there was larger bunch. (At least...it contained, maybe about 6 to 8 flowers on the same spot. Perhaps some bird (or a squirrel?) had collected those and 'hidden' on the ground to a winter reserve, but left them un-touched. Or however, what for the best explanation...?)
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Then - for some good, practical advices: The below seen mini-greenhouse to the perennials pregrowth can turn out to the most useful acquisement.

Notesworth, it actually a necessity as a garden 'tool' for growing perennials. ; When germinated, or even directly in the sowing, the seedlings are kept there of 'protected' from (overt) colds, winds, and 'heavy rains'. Ie, from until they should be 'ready' for planted out. Plus, that it like any larger 'greenhouse', effectively maximises the available warmth, received sunlight. Box has the space for 8 pieces from standard 8x8 containers. (Maybe appears worth reminder that it wasn't very expensive. Sold for about ten or twenty euro, 'a piece'.) ; But, the quality on any mini-greenhouse available seems to vary considerable much. – If you acquire a cheaper one that sometimes sold in the regular markets, during Springs, the plastics tend appear of usually made of the lot worse material. Resultant, at least the cover of box then in a few years starts for fall in parts (Of the sunshine 'toasting' that material.) Also it leaves for consequent the unnecessary plastic waste-piece, and fragments scattered for around a garden... ; In a more quality one - like this – the base and cover are being from more hardened plastics. So it remains practically usable for decades. These boxes now also have the closeable 'ventilating'-hole.

Pic : ...Oenotheras (O.biennis), in their 'very earliest'. At this are, maybe, of just couple weeks after planting, midst April. ; On that mini-greenhouse for seedlings (, one on surrounding paragraphs described.) The lid/cover on it is actually not very well visible to see - on a pic it's placed below the base of that 'box'.

; ...Matter a fact, grew numbers to my last years Bee balm (Monardas) in this box too. (...Don't know if to those it was from any particular benefit - The Monarda's aren't from too cold-vulnerable. At least the ones I did grow separately seemed by ends of the Summers of had developed almost as well.) But the main easiness comes fx then in the aspect that one can now more practically move those small seedlings indoors/outdoors w. these greenhouse-'boxes', during when it's still too cold to keep 'em constant out. (March – April -'May', sometimes). Every manner practical an aid in these tasks. – Though I now actually decided not to need any more of these. As I've often before noted, I've only limited amount space on these gardens of mine, anymore. – W. a few boxes one easily takes care growing an amount seedlings - If one thinks, then somehow, from able find an adequate large spaces for...

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...Though', from my this years plants: The ones seen in that 'box' (photo, on above) actually appear to be the Biennials too – At least on here Fennoscandian seasonal conditions. (Or so it's said.) Them appear Oenothera biennis (ie; the Evening Primroses, or 'Evening Stars', by their other common name.) ; In the separate box(es) having this year a few Oxeyes too...

By now I actually have about 18 small of those too. But some of those I (again,) actually already planted in garden. (Since the weather been to relative warm.) ; In that (now older) picture, there's a one I actually replaced for the pic (one in the first 'row', down corner). Since it was from somewhat earlier planted – As you see it's leafs are already to more grown. In general their growth is...relative slow, takes still indoors to some time.

From cons it's ecology, the Wikip.-entry fx simply seems to recommend it 'Habitat, dry and sunny'. So guess'll try to find suitable place(s) like that – If I should find any such 'spots' left for planting in the garden ! Or, whether I then to this season can arrange any proper 'spot' from the sort, to their to 'strive and flourish'...

Primroses too are actually 'quite large', can reach to a height of as much as 80 cm. (And noticeable, on the above pic, from that the one in rounder container, some closest for the view...That actually was grown separately w. the sort small 'cover-vase' - So, it being recognizable how that, even in such small plants, can improve their early growth, on indoors too. Such as was in the prev post from little adverted.) ; Also, in case/possibility from weatheric conditions worsening, this season, finding them suitable protective places would appear of the majorest important. (I kind of recall, having noted those not very effective grow in cases the sunshines aren't for enough...So, to their seasonal flowering, first year, we're probably only having to rely on 'some luck'.)

...The plant, along many others, seems said brought for cultivation in the Europes as early as from 17^th century – Of the N.America. Such as many/several to my former presented “easily” sowed garden plants, too. Though', for the 'kitchen and medicinal herbs', and of some beneficial qualities in 'essential oil' (cont. 'fatty acid') at them, weren't recognized but only by later. Some 100 y. after from when it to earliest was brought in European gardens as an ornamental plant, it said from. (However, such as also usual is, seems it said that fx Cherokees, Iroquis and 'other native tribes' had used it for a 'food and medicinal crop', past the 'hundreds of years'.) ; Furthermore, acc the BNG; the Primrose (O.biennis) “...supplements are a popular herbal remedy taken to ease premenstrual tension. The leaves have been used as a remedy for diarhoea.” Also, the basal leaves only grow at the first year on plants.

'Cultivation', for briefest: (Apparently?) the small plant need some amount fertilizing, or by 'weekly' maybe is necessary. – Just like the cases for the most perennials is. ; The germination wasn't much any problem, in around March - I don't recall whether I used the 'warm-up base' to those – But some, I think, emerged even without that, on their own in some time. (10 to 20 days.) ; Like remarked, the primroses' have certain medicinal qualities, as a number of diseases have been recognized relieved by that 'essential oil' manufactured from.

; The flower also has most characteristic fragnance, recognizable 'in the air' at the evenings. (Obviously, from it's name - Or so it would seem to...) Another nice aspect that the blooms are said to tempt moths and other night-time butterflies. (Acc the local 'plant-database', the plant's 'corolla' only opens by evening and closes in the mornings – opposite to that, in the 'many other primroses' the flower is open only in bright sunshine. ; Corolla is that visible, 'principal' part on a flower, about that uppermost part.) It then also attracts '...different kinds of night butterflies such as hawk moths and bees too. Finches readily eat its and other primroses seeds too.' Well, what would be from the more nicer findings.

And by the way, didn't actually think for those potential insect night-time 'visitants' when chose from grow these.

; And well, we now shall see how they'll to do, from grow, actually...Whenever them then should/would to developed the flowers. - This season, or only by the year next. (But hope by the earlier.) The over-wintering might also emerge to little more 'tricky' than how it is w. the more usual perennial ones. Or maybe not, actually read that them in some (warmer) conditions, 'spots', at these localities here seem of found quite succeedingly to naturalize. At least for the fews years time, w. larger temporarily surviving groups from. So, maybe their overwintering in the garden then not near that much an un-likehood, not at all 'uncertain'...not anymore.

Photo, beside - Also of the bark for a log of wood - Photographed that due the small 'pecking holes' on it. - Or, so I at least thought them for be, made by the woodpecker. ; ...My supposing was, it had maybe 'tested' for whether the trunk from tree was adequate rottened for to make a nest on it. Or maybe from some other purpose from - Nevertheless the test proved probably unsuccesfull - the wood was actually tough and firm as any...hardwood? But like notable, this log too was of a birch. ; ...And if those then even appear represented the woodpecker's pecks.

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'Holly-hockneying'...

; ...And then I'm to this year also having some Holly-Hocks grown. They're from some 'standard' variety, 'The Watchman'. Belongs to, latin name of the 'genera', Alcea. This one to that commonest 'variety', Alcea rosae (ie, 'Common Hollyhock').
; ...Their precise relation, 'kinship' to the family of the Roses (rosaceae) isn't exactly too clear to me – But I have some (vague) premonition that them do belong at the same 'main', as the 'sub-family', than what are more known for those 'garden roses'. Yet, acc the Wikip., it seem said (that, Alcea) belong for the larger family of Malvaceae (,or 'mallows') 'family of flowering plants estimated to contain [so and so many...] ...species' (Many of those also by some economic importance, or, are known to contain many ornamental garden plants – such as are 'okra, cotton, cacao and durian', Or, in the malvaceae appear belong orders by 'Alcae, Malvas, Tilea'.) So I guess that 'relation' is then about the 'distant cousins', about same as of the horse and the zebra, or from the Common Finch and the Great Tit....At least both latter mentioned appear birds, such as these appear to belong on groups of plants at a same 'tribe'. – Acc to my understanding. But how complicated that by specifics to seems be! (Well not actually any real botanist...)

Of course, their flowers seem somewhat to resemble the actual roses, hence the common name.

Pic (on above) : The one mentioned specimen (A.rosae) sometime on...maybe early of May. (As I recall, of this year's plants I sowed those by almost to the earliest - acc from the good advices in the bag - could've been, about, on the early from March.) ; ...What, maybe, becomes noticeable of that photo too, is that to this particular (one) plant I added the slight too much fertilizers during the pregrowth Months. ; While it was the one to the best developed during that time this pic is taken - it's apparent of the leafs having resultant gotten to slight 'overgrown'. (So that actually was still left for unplanted by now. For, the overgrown leafs seemed to grow paler, possibly due of some conseqeunt followed 'imbalance' to the plant in it's smaller vase. - Or was it that got too early subjected cold, kept past overnight(s) on outdoors ? - Despite it, now having the several to those from planted in the garden already.)

Seems that my Holly-hocks do generate their flowers for black – Which maybe rather unique, exceptional feature in my any garden plant. Not from remembering if I had for planted anything w. black flowers of formerly. Although, had one or two black tomato-plants at some from the previous Summers. Unfortunately, those didn't quite prove to grow from very 'harvestable', I think of recall. - For, I probably miscalculated smtgh in the amount by fertilizers then too – Or maybe it was just of that the seasons weren't so good in that year.

Another p-o-w; the old groups from Hollyhock seem said of recognized to survive here w. the steadily reappearing plants - On the very same places where them were, now well long ago, planted. So, sometimes, their growing in the disbanded, long ago 'forgotten' old housing places seems led to the assumption that 'certain' species from Holly-Hock might've exhibit a perennialism (Even at these latitudes.) Whether or not that the case I can't say, 'cause only trying to learn some things to their growing w. these specimens of mine. ; For an explanation, it seems then assumed that in very favorable conditions, the constant emergence by yearly new specimens growing of the new seeds having given a false assumption that some would show perennialiam. Apparently. Or, so it's assumed. But, maybe, they're only from very...demanding? (Of the 'particulars'...etc.)

However, w. a little effort one then only recognizes that their flowering in the first year not would appear any manner unlike. Esp. of the recent warmed Summers we tend have had, by the latest. ; In the Britain (Isles) them seem, of course, to have had some rather standard and traditional use - at least by formerly, acc the older house-gardening practices. Or however about the more ancient histories there...Only reminded me 'bout that there's that 'Lady Holly-hock' in few verses cited on the begins for this blog. Child's 'Garden of verses from Stevenson's children's poem.

; ...Given from that what on above observed, then assuming that the out-planting by some first weeks of June might not actually prove any too early. But whether them should be also well fertilized, for the soils not so (very) good or at least not from 'ideal' – Or, should I then not ? Not of quite sure. ...Maybe they'll manage better from without such 'extras', at first. ; But from cons the lenghtier growing time, indoors, w. the stems there weren't any similar problems than w. those Sweet Clovers. You just add some sticks to the pots from Holly-hock, as some aid - them can then quite unproblematical to (slight) 'lean on' those.

My planted Hollyhocks seemed also grow very effectively on indoors. Which should've been, of course, only rather expectable. The plants are said to reach about that 1.5 meters in height. Of their estimated 'maxim', maybe grow even larger.

- ...And so, like said, actually planted a fewsome best developed from these to their place already, too.

It is said that them can also be sown directly to outdoors from the May onwards.

(Only reason I didn't plant the rest of those, being, that I've so far actually found them little places that'd felt from the 'proper' protective. W. the 'more' of a sunlight than of shade. However, I'll have to invent to rest from some additional good places soon enough – And like noted, basis the numbers photos one tends see of the Holly-hock(s) - those seem for grown/growing most successively in some warm and fertile soils, often right next for some house-walls.)

...In that gardening book/guide by the Beresford-Kroger there is the recommend about Hollyhocks to add for them some ash. In the base, during Spring, somewhat lot before the timing them are to be planted. Perhaps, preferably(?), it was already in during a previous Autumn... From the reason that then a PH for those should've not emerge from strictly to too 'acid' from. Anyway, not of having any former knowledges on their growing, so decided for add some lime while establishing the 'bench' for those. (A small amount only – 'Cause I couldn't actually estimate from how them likely respond on to that.)

...So, if lucky, we'll probably seeing those too for the next time around by the midst(?) from July, when them could be already from flowering. Hope that the base (and places) then proves adequate protected and fertile – Like said them can said reach the 150 cm, or more, of height.

...So far, it seems (maybe still is) slight too cold, in during the nights, to their better 'emergence'. But the weathers are getting warmer now each day. And if not, then we'll to wait from slight bit longer, guess...

; I fx also already relocated the tomatos out in the garden greenhouse. So it would, by anycase soon be quite adequate warm for those planted too. (The Hollyhocks, meaning). Such as them said for the biennials, don't know what for expectable of them, precisely. But can for well to recommend, anyone to try those. – Not very complicated by any aspect; the sowing, pregrowth, their 'adjustment' (May-June) in the greenhouse – All the said went from (relative) unproblematically.

(Photo), beside right : Some Chervil (Anthriscus carefolium ssp carefolium). ; ...I also tend grow at greenhouse some of herbs (maybe mentioned). Quite often sowed the Chervils - For they grow there, in some shaded 'corner spot', even more quick than at outdoors - perhaps, needing less than a Month of time. ...Can be consumed fx, w. the fish. Or eaten as 'raw' (tasty bits, from cheved while gardening, doing smght else...) Also pretty well serviceable ingredient at the bortsch too, I've noted. ; ...Might've perhaps quoted that of before - but at the BNG wrote on Chervil also, that '...the ancient Egyptians must have thought highly of herb, as it was found in the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamen.' ; Well...sounds that not to the worst sort of recommendation on behalf this delicacy, so I'd think...

At least, those not having of showed anyhow difficult - Not so far...

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; And yet another nice garden 'perennial' in the beside pic. (Or, again - to be specific in terms - this one actually seems said for the biennial too.) But, these Dame's Violet's (Hesperis matronalis) appear mentioned often to survive and regrow in the garden from their seeds.

Soforth, as these were also said from the 'traditional' flowers and (very) undemanding as garden plants, without particular consideration on an above said (,for it's praises), I already sowed these plants by last year. ; Actually, them got for quite 'erraneously' sowed on a bench that was "enriched" w. the plentyful summer-flower dirt. I therefore, resultant in that previus year was discovering the first year 'leaflets' on the plants w. quite worn-out and of 'vermin-eaten' by looks. (I didn't expect to 'strive well' in that soil, and the reason from to sow them on that was just of the reasons I acquired their seeds for quite late. - And so, until this timing I'd actually almost forgotten that I even had those from sowed...!)

But the species then being very easy to cultivate, not much anything is needed at their care; part sunlight, part shade; does much better in the 'sievened' light. (Like the most plants, perhaps).
(Photo) : ...the earliest hesperis matronalis flowers, by this season.

And indeed acc the information on bag the Dame's Violet's would in the evening 'twilight' release their 'orchidea-like' scent in the garden. So far I've noted nothing of that...but the pics also seem provide the view that once full-grown there is in the stems for several 'clusters' of the flowers. (And my plants now only just from emerging to their blooms.) ; ...From a further 'confirmation' for, the site for local plants offers ao the following sentences on it: "...the Greek word hesperia which means 'evening', ...the fragnance is very pleasing to people too, so it is worth planting near a window to be enjoyed to the full on warm summer evenings. [well, didn't happen take notice of that advice...] ...especially favoured by moths e.g. owlet-moths and hawkmoths, which can be heard humming around the stands after the twilight has fallen."

; Soforth, basis that 'reasoning' I'm to conlude that if there happens from live a bat in the attic, it must've been pretty pleased to this sowing of mine, as well...

Traditional and 'old-time' species. Easy grow. Flowers uneffortlessly, no fertilizers needed - And thefore a good choice as a garden plant on spots where you not very often tend have time devote any 'efforts'. Watered occasionally, from after a week or two, maybe - In periods when the weather turns for appear very dry. ; Like said, once the seeds are ripen them can also keep it to remaining a 'returning inhabitant' at garden, years after it's sowing.

(Photo), beside: ...A small moth, photographed some morning (June). ...Was found 'stuck' on a wall-side, and as that was in the fullest daylight, thought it best from located hidden under-leafs by some vegetation. Seems for back-up the claim that Dame Violet's tempt the various moths to visit the garden. (This one even 'stayed for the night'.)
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(Photo), below. : Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), brought for the garden by these June-'heats'.

; Finally and lastest to these 'garden looks', but not of forgotten from this: A few words on my now "years gathered" experience on keeping Rosemaries for overwinter here - At the indoors, on a 'house-hold storage'. ; A word of caution - No miracles to be expected, cons any plants to last 'beyond' the few years. Such as I must've said, priorly, none of my plants having survived longer than that - Not one from the several I've now yearly at Spring sowed by myself, or from the fewsome I'd before bought of the shops.

...Main reason having been (that) by during the latest winters, in the midst of Feb.,Jan. there been abrupt 'warmed-up periods': Ie a week or weeks when the winter temperatures 'jumped' for over zero to several weeks. - As I've not any well lighted cold-storage, only a room in the household w. the reduced battery-temperature, the result (usually) was that on indoors the temperatures happens of exceed some 'critical limit', the plants started from to grow too early ('awakened' by the very earliest warm sunrays) - And resultantly, if you water them even little a too much, the whole plants tends soon 'dry up' in the lack for proper growing conditions in during the followed weeks (Cause there's still of relative little light in early Months of year, etc...)

; However, I've made considerable progress in my learnings of how best to keep the still (relative, that 1-2 y. old) young plants to last. The one in the photo was sowed, if I recall from correct, by the previous year only. ; ...And interesting p-o-w, also, that it's said that - such as the case to some other plants too - of the sowed and germinated (usually several) smaller Rosemary-seedlings only the best developing ones are worth keeping for further growth. Don't know from which reason. Might've biological reason (genetics), or, it might be just that in earliest 'begins' some gain in the (here) limited winter-light some 'competitive edge' and get therefore a 'better start' - Ones that don't, then either won't for later near so well develop. Or, it from due to smght else. ; Soforth, it somewhat pays worth to select the specimen(s) you mean to grow further, on their begins of the sowed ones.

More to the aspects, of the Rosemary's overwintering, in the house-hold 'conditions': One tends fx also read that the plants won't last past the darker Months, unless the temperatures aren't kept to the nearer the +5 Celsius degrees, at least preferably constant for under 10 Celsius degree. Not quite: At least from these 'shrubs', some that I've sowed by myself, I've past repeated winters been able keep them in the conditions where the 'average' temperatures were about 15 C, say up to 5 degrees over/less. (Depending, like noted, for how cold it got on outdoors.) ; Significantly, such as I noted, for the crucial aspect, turned out the watering. Practically, the Rosemaries shouldn't be watered from much at all during overwintering, past those colder and darker Months (...from Dec to earliest March, if you can keep that on room from "cold enough". ; If grown by after latter parts the Summer, the overwatering isn't much a problem - then from during a first year the smaller seedlings still do relative well even if from little 'over-wetted'. But not on second year, or if them appear grown large enough, fromafter planted already early in Spring. Which is the more usual practice.)

; Given the circumstances described, I've had to 'get by' w. some watering on my plants in winter period too. - But the timings proved quite crucial (and the amounts). Generally, one finds, it proved practical to once, or twice relative well water the plants when them taken to indoors, for cold room. Usually that was, by the late of Oct., now later than by around the midst from Nov. Then, I noticed, while them were 'adjusted' in the light by window-sill (plus, 'afters' also the regular articial light), one needed from give them slight less of watering, again, by the midst that Dec., and, on begins from Jan. (When it is, generally rather dark, too early 'start' for growth-season turns yet not any problem.) - After that, I've practically given them the diminutest amounts water past the Jan., and Feb. (just enough to keep the soils not for to complete dry). And, prayed that the 'cold spell' remains on a relative steady level, no sudden 'sunshines'. Then, during the March, w. the growth-season w. first 'real' sun-rays arriving, I'd begin for very carefully add them the slight bit more constantly the water. Maybe, after every couple weeks. - And so it goes, until about the early by May.

; Thenafter, one only keeps watch of the temperatures outdoors...Only by the timing to a turn of the Month, for the June, one feels it 'pretty safe bet' to change the plant(s) for a larger vase, the new soils from. Once that successfull, usually the arriving Summer heats keep care of the rest. And - if not subjected to any too colds, winds and heat too soon, Rosemary kept at the vase emerges, in a good Summer season, to it's better growths.
...Ie, during the dimmer winter Months not to overwater is the important issue, at the Spring-time that one not changes it for new vase too early, keeps that indoors when cold nights or 'hardy' weathers.
Of course, affects 'most' (,or second most, after watering) how well-lighted over-wintering room you can have. ; From having had to 'get by' w. a slight more compromised conditions to that - I 'developed' these particular, practical "methods" for...

Demands quite plenty effort...given the aspect that after Summer seasons the overwintering it here, by 'standardly' again proves for be somewhat a demanding task. (; Also, noted that when keeping that at indoors, overwintering at a clay-vase proved impossible. A combination of an outer vase, and the plastic container inside the only manner I've succeeded in overwintering those. It a bit 'problematic' too - Some kept on a clay-container tend to grow notably better during a Summery growth-period.)

; ...But all that ('trouble') somewhat descriptive from what to the main issues in the plant(s) keepin. - It takes some time to learn the 'tricks' to keep any particular species from. Goes pretty much like the words by that common saying, 'One lives, one learns'. ; ...Much the case from about plants too. Actually, they're all different...

Photo (beside) ; Biting Stonecrops (Sedum Acre) - Another good example of the previous year sowed native flowers in my garden, finally by now for the flowers. ...The 'starry' flowerings are impressive lookin', and I have those planted on the 'edges' by my herbs-garden, adjacent some spots where I placed from to increase some warmth by plants (/improve the roots for grow). ; Good aspect at the Stonecrops, also is, that them tolerate the amount stepping on - So while picking from the herbs, or moving those, the Stonecrop '...does not mind being trampled'. ; ...Another good aspect is that them don't need for be watered at all and can grow on the thinnest surface. For the plant is described also w. these qualities: "...thrive in unbelievable thin soils and can survive up to half a year without water. ...Biting stonecrop's follicles open only in the rain and the seeds spread with raindrops and running water far from the parent plant - a surprising adaptation for a plant that grows on dry, rocky places." ; The pregrowing - as I decided not to plant those out directly, having my herb-garden's 're-arranging' less than 'complete' - was a little time-taking (It grows slowly, in the early Months). But after from planted it needs not any care. And the flowering, if from good weathers, lasts relative long - in the June-July. ; ...In the proper soil, them develop the nice 'flowery mat' that remain a joy of sight on repeating Summers.
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; On that (present) 'Overhaul' - Or, mainly from it's origin(s) and consequences to the...

Pic - beside left: ...From Mignola - Roberts Hellboy-stories, of a story named 'Beyond the Fences'. (On a 2016 'compile', Hellboy and the BPRD.) ; Thought at first a few other alternatives of pics from that Hellboy-"saga" - But given what this post mostly discussed, it actually being the most obvious selection. ; - For the story, like Hellboy-stories usually, situates/begins on 1950s - And, I know not of a more appropriate comics-picture that'd so completely from capturing (that) decade's disastrous, oppressive, anti-democraticizing calamities. ...Some that got for created along w. the invention from nuclear weapons, followed by the arms-race begins, and continued to the periods postward - merely, as it's now representing itself - in some ridiculous 'faith' for the dawning new 'prosperous' atomic futures. (...some unforeseen 'blessings' to humanity by then emergin', within from the 'nuclear age' having begun.)

; ...Or, if you'd ask me, thinkin' it quite as conveniently could be seen as an image about the whole lot what wrong gone in all the followed years nuclear industrial businesses. It's histories of an astonishing neglect of the environments, and from people's healths concerning.

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"Here you have a group of sane men in the middle of lunatics... - in short, people whose interests were not, in the current sense of the word, purely scientific." (Orwell)
...from referring, w. that fewsome 'sane men', to the physics amongst some participating at the first atom bomb-project, whom for the begins of it, refused for to do any research behalf it. (The fewsome, that there were.)

- The quote on an essay named 'What is Science ?' ; ...likely the publ. y. was by 1945. (On, Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell ; ed. Sonia Orwell, Vol 4; p. 30.)

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(Photo, beside right) ; ...a bee, visiting my geraniums that were flowering, about, closer to middle from June. ; The species, likely, being Bombus hypnorum. - and the flower, G.pratense (ie, the Meadow Crane's-bill.)

" Another important way to neutralize the plutonium disasters has been to naturalize them. In the last decade, the officials have repurposed the Hanford, Maiak, and Chernobyl territories as wildlife preserves. ... Tim Mousseau, an evolutionary biologist, however, tracked birds in the Chernobyl zone and found a zone of ecological calamity. Even in the areas of moderate contamination, 18 per cent of birds he followed had deformities, 40 percent of male barn swallows were sterile, and the total number of swallows was depressed by 66 percent. Mousseau could not find in the hot spots bumblebees, butterflies, spiders, or grasshoppers. Whole zones of the Zone are dead. ...

Wine production is the Columbia River region's latest diversification project. Tourists are encouraged to tour tasting rooms located in a large arc around the Hanford Nuclear Reservation, which figures as an unnamed area on the vineyard to tour map. As I tasted a few vines, I mentioned to a vintner that a lot of Wanapam Indians down the road are sick with cancers and that a Centers for Disease Control study found local Indians had a one in fifty chance of gettin cancer, in part because of their traditional diet of Columbia River fish. ...

...It is difficult to face the problem of nuclear waste because it is so outsized. ... Russian officials promoting the 'nuclear renaissance' are competing with a Hitachi-GE partnership to export nuclear reactors to developing countries in Asia and the Middle East. A big part of Russia's sales pitch is the promise to reprocess spent fuel, using its existing, already overtaxed Maiak processing plant as the dumping ground. Geographer Shiloh Krupar describes the nuclear wastes as among the living dead. Like zombies in a 1950s films - there is no way to kill them, no way to keep them from returning.

Plutonium production required undemocratic and unsafe decisions and policies that Americans and Soviets found politically palatable because the world's first plutonium plants germinated distinct communities - of affluent permanent employees separate from temporary, migrant laborers - on zoned-off landscapes that effectually rendered invisible not only the massive nuclear installations but also the environmental and health problems they produced. ...

Plutopia was locally popular also because it served up an ever-expanding economy delivering a continually increasing volume of consumer goods for an endlessly rising standard of living made possible by government subsidies for select workers. Residents of plutopia displayed a fantastic faith in scientific progress and economic efficiency. Many understood their city's universal, classless affluence as the materialization of the American dream or Communist utopia, an affirmation that their national ideology was correct. Self-assurance and confidence bred patriotism, loyalty, submission and silence." ; Brown, Plutopia (; of p. 333-5.)

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(Photo), beside: And yet another nice one for the last season sowed native flowering plants in garden, the Valeria (Valeriana officinalis) - The plant can reach even a height by 1.5 meters it said (But, of 'consequently', the ones I planted at my selfmade garden 'bench' might already grown to larger - For the fertilizers on more 'regular' perennials might've affected...) As the cultivation was pretty commonplace, much like any perennial, nothing said on to that. (It prefers relative much the shaded fertile places, and, them by naturally grow on 'riversides', ditches, wet spots...So adequote watering also important.) - Not quite so much shading needed as for a closely similar 'sister-species', Common Valeria (V.sambucifolia). ; And, well, I afterwards the planting recognized the reason why V.officinalis appears more preferable as the garden plant - For it spreads only by under-surface 'runners', and therefore the root-growths mainly increase just adjacent the original plant. (Not so far aside, as on the case of Common Valeria.) ...However, as these plants too grow for pretty large, can in time take much of the soils, it might seem advisable to relocate these plants on some more restricted 'spot' by their own.
...In some time it's (lot Angelica(s) lookin', resembling) flowers shall turn from the more 'pinkish' by their color. Of the insects visiting, for those 'blooms', I've formerly spotted only some bee, flies and (, earlier in the woods) beetles. (But likely there are quite plenty.) Along those, along w. some number other plants, the Valerianas also provide the food plants to larvae of an endangered species of day-time butterfly here, namely that a False Heath Fritillary (Melitaea diamina)

; The plants uses in traditional medicinal histories are for quite 'honorable some' - In fact, I noticed that it's common names also include, the 'All Heal'. In the uses by a more modern "Apothecacry"', seems (.officinalis) also sourced for a number remedies too - ao, the dried root is been used in an extract to cures for imsomnia. ; ...However, as the BNG even remarks that along w. other believed properties' ('wards off evil spirits', curing 'even on plague'), in the pasts it was also believed for proper attract of the '...opposite sex - and as an aphrodisiac.'
Since I'm not at all too sure whether any internal digestion of that plant, would appear too healhysome (at least without any/possible side-effects, more or less), I only mention in addit that the 'Health tip' featured at the BNG offers to it's usabilities the advice for the preparement to a 'soothing bath'. (By any case...there are, all kinds of heals, obviously.)
; In some contrast, I also read that the large 'clusters' from the flowering Valeriana also mentioned to emit a rather strong, perhaps 'repelling' scents - '...gives off a dreadful pong (especially when it's dried).' - Can even lead for some ills (,nausea to some). ; So if very sensitive to that, the cultivation maybe then not ain't from so good an idea (Or, however about, whatever anyone then likes...)

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(Photo) ; A bee, barely recognizable of feeding of my Martegon Llilies at garden. Martegon Lily (Lilium martagon), a traditional species that grows best in 'semi-shade', does tempt numbers of various insect. It flowers late of June, at least by that timing here does. Just yesterday I spotted on those a fewsome bumbles, a honey-bee - and, think, formerly of had seen to it several other species too. (So, no wonder that Wikip. seems mentions this plant having "...gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.")

So it's highly recommendable have some in the garden (They also quite effortless increase, if the favorable conditions are met) ; ...A "funny detail" was that when I tried to identify the bee on it, couldn't be from quite sure - All the bees visiting it's 'top-side down hanging' blooms tend get covered by a reddish coloration (ie, that from pollinations gathering in their furs.) ; ...As I'm not much any 'hobbyist' for bulbs, I mostly leave the Martegon Lilies forgotten, in their shady corner - But when flowering they also offer an enjoyable sight.

“This is a story of scientific progress as well, and particularly the relatively new science of nuclear physics. Many of the main protagonists in the Maralinga tale were physicists. Some were well inside the Maralinga tent, such as the head of the series, William Penney, and the scientist often said to have been 'planted on Menzies', Ernest Titterton. Titterton was famously characterised as a Dr Strangelove figure, and his reputation was trashed during the McLelland Royal Commission. Penney's reputation came out the other side rather better, though still damaged by the cloak and dagger. Other scientists, particularly the Australians Mark Oliphant and Hedley Marston, were on the outer. They had grave doubts about the nuclear tests in Australia and paid a professional price for raising them.”

; “...Plutonium, a most unnatural and dangerous material, is one of the most important things to understand about Maralinga, because when plutonium fell to earth there it changed the landscape forever.

Australia's media underwent a profound transition during the decades of this story. The articles published in the Australian media at the time of the nuclear tests, and particularly in the early years, were often deferential to Great Britain, overtly patriotic, uncritical of atomic weaponry or actively in favour of it, focused almost exclusively on storylines provided by official information, and lacking scientific detail or analysis. Almost always, statements from test personnel and from the Australian Government immediately allayed any safety concerns raised in these stories. Many of these assurances were shown later to be unfounded. A few contemporary stories were critical of delays to scheduled tests or raised questions about the safety of indigenous people in the area and the cost-effectiveness of the Maralinga facility. ... The high-profile scientists involved, such as Penney and Titterton, were not subjected to scrutiny.

This began to change in the mid-1970s with a series of stories characterised by a productive scepticism...” (Tynan) : Atomic Thunder. British Nuclear Testing in Australia, 2016 (; p. 7, 8.) italics to the preced were added by us.

(...All foll. quotes, also are of Tynan's book.)

(Photo) : My Arnica's (.angustifolia) were also flowering by the June. ...However, that was by, maybe, a week or more later than they usually tend for do. Perhaps that was from the other plants, in numbers and height for now increased. (And the Arnicas in their place have been left, a bit, more enshaded.) ; ...But I was also obliged to wonder if that might've from 'resulted' of the lime added to the bench by last year. (Even that I carefully avoided pouring that on where my Arnicas grow.) ...Or, maybe it just from due the snows were for so much lackin', during previous winter. Or, alongside w. that, of the drier Spring-period.

Whichever then the more 'trustworthy' of number possible reason, 'explanations' on this...

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“The Pearce Report has created considerable confusion over the decades because it is totally wrong about some centrally important things, most notably of the level of plutonium contamination. More than 22 kilograms of plutonium was exploded in the Vixen B tests at Maralinga. Pearce said that 20 kilograms of this was safely buried in 21 concrete-topped pits dotted around the perimeter of a firing site called Taranaki, about 40 kilometers north of Maralinga village. On the basis of this information, Australia allowed the UK to sign away it's responsibilities for the site in 1968. The Atomic Weapons Tests Safety Committee (AWTSC) was the Australian body responsible for monitoring the British testing program to ensure the safety of the Austalian environment and its population. John Moroney, its long-time secretary, will later tell the scientists that it would have been 'ungentlemanly' for Australia to question the edicts of the British atomic scientists at the time.” (; p. 16)

“Noah Pearce, the author of the report, looms large in this part of the story. Pearce had an honours degree in physics and had worked during the latter years of World War II on measuring the effects of bomb blasts for the UK Ministry of Supply. [Atomic Weapons Research Establishement (UK)] He lived a long life, dying in 2009 at the age of 91. He worked for the AWRE in various capacities, particularly in the early days measuring the explosive yield of Hurricane and Totem. In the 1950s he was responsible for health aspects of the minor trials and, later, for the clean-up operations: Operation Hercules in 1964 and Operation Brumby in 1967. Both these operations made the contamination problem worse, and both seem to have been conducted largely for the sake of appearances, rather than to actually clean up the appalling mess in the site. 'Operation Brumby', said the Royal Commission, ' was based on wrong assumptions. It was planned in haste to meet political deadlines and, in some cases, the tasks undertaken made the ultimate clean-up of the Range more difficult'. Later, a report by the Maralinga Rehabilitation Technical Advisory Committee (MARTAC) on the rehabilitation of the Maralinga site stated that Hercules and Brumby 'did not rehabilitate the site to the standard later recognized to be necessary for the protection of the people and the environment '. How could something so important be so wrong? ...” (;p. 228-9)

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“At its heart, this tale turns on a power imbalance between the British test authorities and the country that provided the expansive territory they needed to set up a permanent nuclear test facility.” ; “...permanent site was in active service for only seven years. It has lain idle more or less idle since 1963, other than some clean-up operations. ...

[...]

...In 1977, political pressure forced another survey, carried out by ARL [Australian Radiation Laboratory] and the Australian Atomic Energy Commission, which perpetuated the conclusions of the Pearce Report. So, too, did the 1983 report AIRAC (Australian Ionising Radiation Advisory Council)... None of these reports has come close to the truth. Instead they have clouded the issue both politically and scientifically. ...after a major public outcry sparked by Brian Tooney's stories in the Financial Review in October 1978, the British were forced to send military personnel to remove drums full of salt imbued with plutonium buried at the Maralinga airfield. They did so reluctantly and only after prolonged negotiations. Pearce himself visited Maralinga for 48 hours in 1978 during those negotiations and reaffirmed his 1968 report. ...” (; p. 18,19:)

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“Anderson's article was not the only source of pressure on the UK Government, however. In 1993, a delegation of Aborigines from the Maralinga lands (including the prominent indigenous activist Archie Barton) had arrived bearing sand from the region – not actually contaminated sand - which they planted on the steps of the British Houses of Parliament. British parliamentarians, notably the outspoken minister of state for the Armed Forces Archie Hamilton, had been asserting that the 1967 clean-up had been effective. Their message was undermined, though, when the government called in people wearing full contamination suits to remove the sand from the steps. As Peter Burns remarked, ... '...Talk about a PR disaster'. ” (; 289)

(Photo) ; Nematocera ('Thread-horns') are a 'suborder of elongated flies', containing ao, then as well fx the groups (/families from the) mosquitoes, crane flies, gnats... ; The sort of the species (, in the adjacent photo - it's crane fly) belongs for the more 'harmless' families of that Nematocera - harmless of any human view-point, not having sting(s), not known for have any role in the spread by any known infecting diseases, etc... ; Here merely presented, only for the remainder that in a healthy garden there often 'dwells' the numbers insect one not of so much tends even usually from pay any attentions. ; As them aren't necessary so significant impressive lookin'. Or, not always to the flowers visiting, fx. But the most from, all from, of course, do have their (very) own important tasks in the Natures. And that actually the foremost reason for me of to add the native plants in this flora of mine, in my gardening 'hobbies'. - Those plants support the wider numbers insect that appear to my locality. ; Besides, they also occasional tend from attract around also some less usual seen ones, some to the more impressively decorated too...

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“Plutonium. The material is not found in nature. It is created in a nuclear reactor by bombarding uranium with fundamental atomic particles called neutrons. In the words of nuclear chemist Glenn Seaborg, one of the team who created this dense, silvery substance in February 1941, plutonium 'is unique among all of the chemical elements. And it is fiendishly toxic, even in small amounts.'

[...]

All the plutonium isotopes are radioactive and undergo a process of 'decay', releasing radioactivity in several different forms and eventually turning into other elements over time. The radioactive half-life (the time required for half of the nuclei of a radioactive isotope to undergo radioactive decay) of plutonium-239 is more than 24 000 years, much longer than the other plutonium isotopes. This long half-life means that plutonium-239 will be present in the environment so far into the future that it might as well be called forever.

...To make it worse, much of the Maralinga plutonium was turned by the Vixen B test into a fine form that could be inhaled. This made it potentially hazardous for anyone who encountered the dust of the area. The risks are well known: if you inhale 20 milligrams you will probably die of pulmonary fibrosis within a month. Inhaling a milligram will lead to lung cancer. The strange thing about plutonium is that it is relatively safe outside the body, and in fact you can touch a lump of it... But once it's inside the body, it turns deadly. It can be inhaled into the lungs, ingested through the mouth or absorbed through a wound, and if it enters the body through these pathways, there is strong statistical probability that it will cause various kinds of cancers.

The Pearce Report does not mention any fragments contaminated by plutonium. ....” (; 24-5.)

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“The media blackout that descended over Maralinga was extremely successful. Given both the level of previous coverage of British nuclear tests and the rise of anti-nuclear movements throughout the world, the lack of media activity is conspicuous. Vixen B, a test series that ran for three years and involved hundreds of personnel on site, does not appear to have been covered at all. ...

Arnold [...Lorna Arnold, app. on a 2006-book] claimed that the British authorities were 'particularly anxious' not to attract any publicity during international negotiations to limit nuclear weapons testing. Vixen B was the major reason for this anxiety, since it produced nuclear fission, albeit in small amounts, and tested an apparatus that came close to many of the characteristics of an actual nuclear warhead. Vixen B was right on the borderline of international law and may have crossed into illegality. The behavious of the AWRE [Atomic Weapons Research Establishment (UK)] authorities at the time suggests they knew Vixen B was in a grey area and political reasons dictated secrecy.” (; 125-6.)

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“The dangers were grave, although there is considerable dispute about their extent. Lorna Arnold took the view that the people exposed to the tests were not seriously affected by radiation, doses of which she said were well within the guidelines laid down by the International Commission on Radiological Protection: 'The people most affected ... were the Aboriginals, because of damage to their way of life rather than directly to their health. They had no rights and their interest in the land was not realized or respected; but this was, and had been, their general situation and was neither new nor peculiar to the weapon trials'.

[...]

...Vixen A caused major disruptions to the test program. In fact, these problems turned out to be a foretaste of more serious balloon incidents in September 1960 connected with Vixen B.“ (; p. 127.)

[Addit...] ; ...While I mean not to make any commentaries cons anything (much) to these described Maralinga-'tests' and their level of the realised environmental pollution (Along /w. the nuclear weaponry destroyed landscapes, some that were contaminated, 'forever') - And, that of the reasons for having only quite recently in any manner even become more aware of these histories. Yet, it may be also in place to cite little of that other book I recent read on it. (Some that in the preceding post also was referred to, from briefly.) ; For, at it Cross (2001) writes 'bout that (apparently) from later quite similarly 'much disputed' extension from created radioactive fallout, and then from the actual directions it traveled across Australia. (Ao, having 'passed by' - or over - the city of Adelaide. Resultant of the test carried under unfavorable weatheric conditions, by the time, from the 1956 'Operation Buffalo'-test serie.) ; Alongside that (description), Cross (on p. 164.) as well remarks that:

"A published whitewash of these events exists. Its author Lorna Arnold, appears to have some official backing - having received 'every possible help from the British Ministry of Defense'. Her book, A Very Special Relationship: British Atomic Weapons Trials in Australia, published by her Majesty's Stationery Office in 1987, deals with the atomic weapon tests from a British point of view. ..." (,italics on above, at first sentence added by me)

; ...But such as above noted, no further commentaries to be expected w. this familiarity on anything from more ('particulars') about. ; ...Yet, I can't avoid of say at this also that the Cross's book would've been more helpful had the book's presented list from atomic tests (on the Appendix) also encontaied those that were carried postafter the y. 1957. Even that those, apparently, not then of so relevant cons the books main topic of interest (Marston). (Or, to be fair, by this recollection - Might be it even had those listed from. In that case, then I've just appeared been bit 'slovenly' and not just happened made the note of those some...)
- See, to these circumstances one more rarely tend find oneself often even of decently informed, appears become (a bit) over-suspecious from 'bout...the anything most. ; ...For a cautious reader it might also appear somewhat a shortcoming that on that Tynan (2016) there weren't any notes for the sources in the text itself. (But, of exceptionally, I didn't find that to so much a 'defect' that I'd otherways thought for. - Cons any book to my any reads. Of the non-fiction books w. that obviously meant.)

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“Beale took a sanguine approach to the Indigenous issue when planning for the British atomic weapons testing project to descend in the Australian desert. The government was perfectly happy with William Penney's advice that X300, now named Maralinga, was the place to establish a permanent test site. In a top-secret Cabinet briefing document, Beale falsely claimed that if Maralinga was chosen they could revoke the existing Aboriginal reserve at Ooldea without difficulty as Aborigines had not used the area for some years.” (; p. 187-8.)

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“One of the most perplexing episodes in this history is the so-called black mist. This little understood phenomenom occurred after Totem 1 [...which was, 'a 9.1-kilotonne atomic device detonated from a 30-metre-high steel tower at 7 am on 15 Oct 1953'] at Emu Field in October 1953. ...When the Royal Commission investigated the Emu Field tests, it concluded that weather conditions for the first Totem blast had been unsuitable and the test should not have proceeded.

...The allegiation is that after the first bomb in the Totem series was detonated on 15 October 1953, an unpleasant greasy black cloud enveloped the land around Wallatinna and Mintabie and deposited material on the people in the vicinity. Uniformly, they reported vomiting, diarrhoea and skin conditions, as well as blindness (in the case of Yami Lester, who was a child at the time) and a number of deaths. Ernest Titterton called the allegation 'a scare campaign' and denied the possibility of a black mist. ...

[...]

British scientists WT Roach and DG Ballis in evidence to the Royal Commission supported the possibility of a black mist from the Totem test, saying that all reports 'had a measure of internal consistency about them'. Both scientists asserted that the conditions of firing at Totem could conceivably have delivered to the Indigenous people of Wallatinna a fallout cloud that had raced along near ground level. 'It would have been a strange and awesome sight to anyone beneath it. A fine 'drizzle' of black particles would also have been noticed.' However, they did not think that the cloud would have caused health problems for anyone standing awestruck beneath it.

And that is the problem. While most people who have looked at this issue in any depth agree that the black mist occurred, disagreements about the harm it caused have never been resolved. But the compelling evidence of the Aboriginal people in the area is hard to ignore. The most famous of those affected, Yami Lester, said, 'Almost everyone at Wallatinna had something wrong with their eyes. And they still do ...I was one of those people, and later on I lost my sight and life was changed forever'. One of the Aboriginal people who was the spokesperson for Aboriginal witnesses to the Royal Commission, Kanytji (also known as Kantji), said the cloud was 'very black', but reddish towards to the top, and it dimmed the sun. It produced a strange shadowing effect, seeming to give people multiple shadows. ... Whatever it was, it was not healthy.

Despite Titterton's scepticism, the Royal Commission officially recognized the credibility of the black mist allegiations but found insufficient evidence to say whether the phenomenom caused injury or illness. This finding still causes considerable distress to the Indigenous peoples who were present when the black mist rolled in.” (; 196-8.)

(Photo, on below, beside) ; ...Lately, it was (slight) surprise to being able for observe a some larger moth for visiting my Loniceras in the garden. Precisely, the plant in the pic is L.Periclenumum. (Ie; from it's common name, the Common Honeysuckle. Already described that, sometime. by earlier here.) ...The Moth must've belonged to the Hawk-moths, or by other name, 'Sphinx-moths'. (In a greater superfamily of Bombycoidea,) Although, I also wonder whether this then was only little too 'coincidential' - As I had just recently mentioned from those.(The hawk-moths).

; ...But it was after a warm late June evening, when I only 'by chance' happened to be around to see that 'around'. Such as may be noticeable on the photo...I didn't even have a chance for any better picture to it's more specific identification - Like must be typical to those, my garden 'visitor' didn't ever stop, any place, during it's short stay.
; ...And, oh yes, by the way - Actually, did for a first sighting spot that too from the Martegon Lilies, by earliest. (But of the sudden 'discovery', by my arrival didn't have the camera around. Luckily it stayed, a while.)
Of what the species I've no particular guesses...But must've belonged on some of the more common species. Nevertheless, an enchantin' sight, not too usual seeing those here, in my gardens. So, actually I subsequently also planted few more garden-vine - also another Lonicera - in the hope they invite more of those, more to these 'discoveries'...

; “...When the tests were over and the British were gone, the picture of what they had left behind was alarmingly incomplete. The Pearce report was no help. ...

...The British authorities have still not given up all the missing pieces. No-one outside a small circle knows why the UK Ministry of Defense still retains some files relating to Vixen B and other issues (including information recently released by WikiLeaks). Whether those files will ever be released is currently unknown. ... The truth is unpalatable but must be faced: Australia in the 1950s and early 1960s was essentially an atomic banana republic, useful only for its resources, especially uranium and land.

...Tellingly the legendary official British historian Margaret Gowing rarely mentioned Australia throughout her magisterial accounts of the British nuclear enterprise. Austalians were not a partner in any sense of the word, just lackeys and useful idiots for the most part. ...The 1990s remediation plan was devised using guidelines provided by the IAEA and the International Commission of Radiological Protection. It was monitored by ARPANSA [Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency] and agreed to by the Maralinga Tjarutja traditional owners. This plan involved securing 500 000 cubic metres of contaminated waste from the tests in 27 pits at the site. When it was completed in 2000, Austalian prime minister John Howard called it the 'worlds best practice clean up'. But nuclear engineer Alan Parkinson, who worked on the clean up and later became a whistleblower, and Jim Green, an anti-nuclear activist, among others, continue to criticize its inadequasies.

... Recently some media reports have claimed that the Maralinga pits are subsiding and eroding, creating fears that the contamination is not permanently secure. ...

Alan Parkinson (...who 'vociferously disagreed' on the official announcing from successful clean-up of the site,) ...saying that 'of the hundreds of kilometers contaminated, only 2.1 kilometers have been cleaned to the clean-up criterion, and, of that, only 0.5 kilometers permits unlimited access. The only people who claim the [clean-up] project a success are paid by the government.' ...” (; 300-1)

[Addit...] ; (Significantly,) ... It seems informative to add on these 'summaries', have still a few more lines cited (,or for 'recolleted') of that Tynan, 2016. - Afterwards, I also noted, she seems mentioning that already by at time from those most infamous Vixen-test series (years btw 1959-63), there already was people who '...suspected that Vixen B was more than just a safety test series'. (...For, as some background explanation, all the carried overground nuclear 'tests' in Australia weren't producing the 'iconic'-sort mushroom-cloud explosions, but there were executed in more of 'guarded secrery' several - so called - "minor trials". Of which then as results there has been recognized even more endangering contaminations, ao that plutonium 'left-after', etc...) ; Following that sentence, Tynan cites Parkinson (more recently) of commented that: "... 'While they were said to be to test the safety of nuclear weapons in storage or transit, there was also an element of weapons development in these trials'. [and, thenafter continues the cited paragraph...] The data from Vixen B are still retained by the UK MInistry of Defense, long after the 30-year rule, meaning no-one is entirely sure exactly what they found or how it was used for weapons development." (; on p 119.)

; “The Maralinga-story is filled with outrages. A story that began to appear in the Australian media in September 2001 described one particularly disasteful aspect of the saga, namely the analyses of (mostly) babies' bones to detect radioactive fallout. At a meeting in Harwell on 24 May 1957 attended by Ernest Titterton, along with his confreres from the AERE [Atomic Energy Research Establishment (UK)] and the AWRE, a variety of sampling tests was ordered, including soil, vegetation, milk and sheep bones. And babies' bones.

As many samples as possible are to be obtained (the number available is expected to be small). The bones should be femurs. The required weight is 20-50 g. Wet bone, subsequently ashed to provided samples of weight not less than 2 gm. The date of birth, age at death, and locality of origin are to be reported. [...changed font on this, for reasons of the better visibility. ; W-G.]

Every cliche of the mad, obsessed scientist is entangled to that quote from the report presented to the AWTSC [Atomic Weapons Tests Safety Committee] on 11 June 1957. This fact about the British tests ignites the public sentiment like few others. ...The meeting minutes recorded that 'Prof. Titterton will ensure that arrangements are made by the Australian Safety Committee for collection of all of the above samples and despatch them to the UK, along with all relevant information, addressed to Dr. Dawson, A.W.R.E., who will pass them to A.E.R.E.'

The bones were scattered far and wide, from Australian laboratories in Adelaide and Melbourne to British ones in Aberdeen, Liverpool and London. The parents of the babies never knew. In all, bones from nearly 22 000 bodies – the majority of them babies – from both Australia and Papua New Guinea formed part of the experiments. Collection of samples in Australia was part of a bigger international program perhaps ironically titled Project Sunshine. The bones were tested for strontium-90. ...While a rational argument can be made that testing bone for traces of radioactivity during the early days of the atomic age has valid scientific justification, no amount of reasoning is likely to reassure the families of the 22 000 babies and others whose bones were tested. Stealing the bones of the babies can never be seen in purely scientific terms.” (; 302-3.)

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(Photo, beside right) ; Chamomille-flower (Matriculata chamomile, ie the German Chamomilla). ; ...Had some those too planted by this season (It's an annual plant, like most apparent is.) The most obvious reason - like most cases, anyone growing that - was for to be able gather some it's flowers gathered and dried to a self-made Chamonille-tea. ; I have those now only at 'semi-favorable' spot, enshadowed by the adjacent perennials - Despite it, them seem emerged in during a warm early Summer very well.
Anyone growing those, notices that not much is needed: A low-fertile soil (preferably), as much sunshiny as possible. ; The flowers are surprisingly small (!) - Always thought of the tea-packets covering that them would appear to somewhat larger...

“... Most of the decisions about the atomic tests taken by the Australian Government were not discussed and debated in public. The secrecy put in place at the Atomic test sited, shored up by the imposition of information controls such as D-notices that deliberately fostered media self-cencorship, enabled experiments of unprecendented risk to be conducted without public consent and their aftermath to be left unaddressed for many years. ...

[...]

...these intrisically dangerous experiments...not available for public assessment largely because the media, in line with the official British and Australian government policy, did not report them to the public, The fact that their dangers and damage were not part of Australian public conversation had dire ramifications. A deadly substance was scattered across the Maralinga lands, and an equally toxic legacy of cover-up and deceit was left behind. To this day, we do not know the full extent of the human toll. ...”(; 310, 311.)

(Photo; beside right) ; ...By the time from writing these latest paragraphs it was nearing the 2nd weeks of July. ; The weather having had taken now (apparently) the 'usual' change away of the early Summer season 'heated period' to the decline in temperatures, and, the almost daily rains from. (Until the warmer conditions to 'return', from recent years so observed, the 'usual' by late weeks July) ; However, quite precisely in their 'normal' timings from, the Greater Knapweeds (Centaurea scabiosa) were just emergin' in blooms. And, similarly as usual - though not near so many in numbers - the bees to be observed noticeable were increasin' to the sighting. ...For, after a few years following those - I've discovered that in June the typical amount, variety separate species discovered, on the garden's offerings tend limit to, perhaps, 6 or 8. 'about'. But when the more general warms are 'established', here that 'awakes' the larger numbers. (And, like said, I've perhaps former years been able to 'spot' from about '15 plus' more, at least.) Usually that also times quite around the time my Knapweeds are emergin.
(Another good 'catch' for those is the Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) - It begins from flower already bit earlier, is quite favored by many bees, and also, it's flowering lasts from rather long. However, the actual timing from, what species flowering 'drawing the line' for the bees - in my garden - to get really multiplied in amounts, is from the timing by Hyssop's, actually. Not far after this, and thenafter there usually also starts to emerge several more of the 'mid-Summer' flowering plants.)

------------------
...And that said, should suffice for the 'most about it', from now.
(I'll add a few words more, once having some little gap from time...)

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(Photo; below) ;...However, this one on the leaves of Valeriana officinalis (,paragraphs above described), the bee must then appear also belong (also) to the above mentioned species, B.hypnorum.
(Interestingly, the English name of it seems appear, the Tree Bumble-bee.) ; Easily identifiable, for the brownish fur on overside(s), it may well be the most common-place species from 'bumble' here latitudes. - Ecologically they're also said typically to form nests that appear far larger in numbers than of many others. Estimates seems varyingly give the nest to contain numbers from 30 to even 100 individuals - In contrast most others bumble-bees can produce to smtgh like 6 to 14 for 'offspring', in one nesting/generation. (B.hypnorum also tend appear rather early 'on move', both seasonally and by any 'average' day. First individuals one tends see by a late March, even. Not on this year, though... ; And, I've a few occasions in July observed those, in the nearby meadow, active still closer the midnight-hours - ie when it already scarce of light.. ; ...these 'reminds' just of to emphasize that one could describe the species to, sort of, as the "shovel" in amongst our local bumble-bees. (The range is also pretty large, from across the Europe, and then reaching far as until '...Kamchatka in the East'.)

'Could harm of this kind happen again? The answer must be yes. Without independent scrutiny of their activies, governments are capable of anything.' (; Tynan, p. 311.)

'Time will tell...' ...Indeed. Or, from then: the Furthermore(s)...

...What comes on these preceding sections, (,'chapters'), at least it can be said that much on it to shown traced itself from those typically earlier 20^th-centurian often authoritaristic, totalitarian 'mindings'. View about what constituting a 'humanity', or related to that from the peoples 'worth'. And the science's many misdemeanours - and how it to long decades helped for to keep those bad chapters 'canned', still effective to remain on their keepin'. (That keep of to prevent the most of it ever to the 'public eye', obviously. At least from 'til the statues and monuments built would in 'necessary' time lasted all too long, in their unavoidable but not admitted disvafor. 'Til the most 'dust' having fallen on the 'tracks'.)

; For that one thing that these stories histories, in overall, 'suppose...From to their most revealing seemed of tell us. That what - I suppose - from it 'begging' to be recognized.

(Could've it then also be said for shown us, perhaps, also in many levels that to similarly an all the more usual lesson. Some familiar for lot to these 20^th century pasts ? (That) it for being far too easy, all too easy (often) if just asiding the much into those pasts, possible even when one is for maintaining any 'uncritical eye' for. And there is - can be - the unconscious taken 'self-evident' attitudes that render the finding less complete. ; By which meaning that then (,if so, not recognising) the so called 'authentic reality' then less usual to the 'resurfacing', as one tends avoid anything for not as pleasing. Or, then that not 'sees the day' - As it less favorable than how all for often still appears wished remain seen. Less usual and more common a 'fail' is of not for give it's necessary space - anything - that'd not to confirm for what was the expected 'result'.)

Difficult from avoiding that, though. We all tend from 'stretch' the truth. And resultant, sometimes that then...cracks.

Or, maybe it reflects from smght of the same than what can be said of the actual finding for most any to these ('sort', similarly, typically) “forgotten” histories. The crucial question, obviously would be: What(?) that means for the today. And then, the conclusion following also is; The established 'conclusions' always should receive some re-estimat on it's any current finding.

Basically I think, the more nearer the historical 'process', the details to it's present finding – The more difficult is of see some division, the difference between the 'fictional' and historical fact. (For, whatever then by now achieved historical 'out-lining', about this recent 'periods', the fiction and fact of unavoidably tend for to coincide. Anytime the more time passing the fiction and fact - 'in fact' – the difference only becomes to more obscure to see. But it becomes to seem clearer – for those divides, 'gaps' are more in visible for see.) Sometimes they describe that (process) to how myth is created.

...Cons then from the above cited plentiest citates (Tynan) one, no doubt, does get to the most part, a more clear idea 'bout it all that (contaminations, destruction, neglect....) from how that being covered in the book. ; ...But, cons all that (, and from all else to these above 'sections') 'suppose it not very possible for being covered anyhow else manner than for these 'selections', by this writing. Soforth, my few references here would only be the supplementaries on what at above quoted passages, or, so from the most part. (Besides that, I'd not too likely for have any to too comprihensive, any long-term knowledges from most to this. Most of my current understanding being based on...these few reads only.)

; Tynan at the ends her book (p. 306-7), mentions, ao, the Maralinga Tours, '...tourist venture wholly owned by the traditional owners, began in 2014'. It said become possible, fromafter the 'unrestricted access to the final part of Maralinga land was finally granted to the Maralinga Tjarutja people.' (;p. 306) ; In the accomp. text (,'sentences') is then also said;

“The injury upon the indigenous people cannot be propertly measured. Robbing people of their ancestral homelands, subjecting them to forced removal and, later, exposure to the plutonium-laden dust and debris is not something that can be forgiven. ...of all the people harmed by Maralinga, the Indigenous people were the most powerless.”

...Along the preceding(s), w. the brief glancing of the web, noted as well this, for some read to these aspect. (From some to it's scope, from the 'main parts', it telling some main details for the 'Maralinga-story', short. Albeit not of so 'extensively', of course.)

Perhaps also is for interests, this Guardian-column. ; ...Noted there were mentions in the ends from an online source providing materials from the old Australian newspaps, perhaps also of other 'archivals'. ('Trove' – such as that said by name at the article.) If interested, for more, by oneself can then fx dig some other 'data' of it all. From backgrounds or otherways from a media reaction in during that time – Of the public 'visibility' (,and unvisibility) of those atomic tests. It might be of use to someone (For anyone...)

...Some parts from those links, web-pages might've add the more to these views, of course. ; There as well the article from the exhibition named Black Mist Burnt Country, which said continued '...until 2019 [and from did] ,commemorate the 60^th anniversary of the Maralinga atomic tests through painting, sculpture, printmaking and installations.' (Ao, in the latter mentioned relating/there been, of the wider recognition in those modern 'installations' also the modern 'virtual reality art' from an atomic tests as subject – In the article to it's “adverter”, or that just for the mentions too, but it seemed for remarking rather descriptive from to retell; ...That the installations maker (Nyarri Nyarri Morgan) is cited saying (that) 'His first encounter with western culture (in the 1950s) occurred when he witnessed an atomic test.' (; ...I mean, that sentence from quite tellingly captures the many characteristic parts from that above emphasized 1950s. And of course for the then 'till later followed decades continued secrecy, the scope of exclusion by peoples most harmed – the natives, 'viewers'/hired personnels - at those “operations” realised btw 1951-63.)

I guess one could imagine for some comparable examples...But I choose now rather to only suppose that you (/anyone) finds, can recall some comparisons. Or if not – Well it'd anycase appear of to quite as 'oblique' a finding cons all what of these historical chapters is the most...descriptive for(?)

; One having to, of course, also from to add at this place, while it might possibly now being the most renown case example from that disastrous radioactive left-after of the -40s to -60s nuclear bomb-tests (Or, for the 2^nd most renown, after those some on the Bikini-isles, Pacific, 1946-): That Maralinga still remains a relative little known histories, all in all.

Or at least so I'm having an impression, from by myself formerly been to only 'little aware' on the most parts for it. ; It a bit like finding some barrels of a toxic nuclear waste at your suburban backyard. Shouldn't be there, yet can't change the fact: Somebody did smght very wrong. The 'offialdom' (government) denies there an evidence.

--------

"... Jonah on the Shoalhaven - Outside the City (1976) shows Jonah as a half-human, half-animal carcass sprawled under a lone tree.

His stomach is ripped open violently, revealing gold coins stored in his guts, and a mushroom explodes in the distance..." ; ...of one those linked articles. (On few paragraphs above. ; Describing some among most renown paintings on the exhibition. The painting is depicted at the article:)

; ...Generally it'd also perhaps made the most logical if to my these – prior and following - scattered 'findings' there would'd been some parts on the (many) noted victims stories that go back to these histories only of a pastly nuclear pollution. Of the many places and different regions – the related harms and caused ills, estimable or sometimes 'uncertain', yet very existent obviously. Foremost would've been in place as examples here - Unless I'd then only though that any level possible. (For any individual stories by name, read on pages from these book referred to this – Mostly they'd made this from yet some lot more expanded a writing.)

Among those, of course, there were (“always was”) also the many from a (so called) indigenous groups of peoples, in the world. Not just from the Australian parts these lastly examples, but fx among those 'farmers and natives' – On the most any that'd by the mention feature in the above selected plentitudes of quotations; Like the tatar-people from those Russian villages (in the Ural), or the desert-'dwelling' american indians any 'nearbies' for that Nevada and on elsewhere country. (Such as that from N.E. Region/plain form US, of that Hanford-plant.) ; And then there could've been, fx, encontained the more lots (examples) of what mentioned 'bout that exposure by 'workers' and 'veterans' - the histories from, often long-time hidden, on from their exposure and endangerement to the unsafe amounts radioactivity. It's accumulating in the body, and affecting the physical well-being in/from during the later years. All those whom denied of their justice.

---------

(Photo, beside) ; - This one, however, I assume, must've appeared species from the bee-mimicking flies. (Or suppose so, didn't more specifally 'check about' the species.) But there's numbers those, some go for the flowers, and in general them also seem emerge most often closer for the mid-Summers.

; ...Interestingly, albeit not quite without some annoyance, I was one day also offered a sight of this kind specimen that was attacking on the bumbles (!, ?), and perhaps, some other insects too, which were visiting the flowers (of that former mentioned Alkanet, it's flowers do tempt quite many bees...) Apparently, it was for reason to repel them away of the nectars, and to secure to itself the vaster amounts that. With shortwhile what that was to observable (/that this said specimen was around), I noticed that bumbles attacked didn't show being particularly harmed. They just seemed for to flee for other directions, and flowers. However, I'm not sure if the species was from this one that on a pic beside.
; By anycase, it seemed from to fly, "just like only a fly can" - With the quick, rapid changes on it's course. (And from whatever were, if any for the 'benefits' by that tactique, it from showed, can't say.) ..Curiously, watching that, it felt (somewhat) to the exhilarating and from repulsive, at the same time...

'Suspectably 'safe' ; - Or, and, from 'Still Furthermore...'.

; To some noting, a source for thought – and of to cite in following some terming by Brown's using – In much cases those scientist's by early nuclear 'era', by the 1950s (and later), of having subjected the peoples for their carried radiological studies can, 'postwardly', from fit for criteria form the 'crimes of opportunity'. ('Opportunistic' as in the created – accidentally or from cases by purposefully, such as fx at that Maralinga – contamined environments, the note high levels radioactive pollution can be noted from offered the possibilities of to follow how endandering any forms radioactive particle, and how those affected and functioned at their victims physical bodies.) ; However – of the glancing fx the few above referred web-links, on those Australian bomb-tests, made me then also to think that one not quite errs if for to think that in ('most cases') there must've had been in effect also a soimewhat more than just the 'opportunities' for. ; ...So, the quoted is only of the words, cited sayings by some researcher interviewed on that, “You can't help but wonder the extent to which there was a deliberate interest in the medical results of radioactive materials entering the body.”

; ...I think, also in the many 'less clear' cases from (than of the bomb tests, their careless fulfil from) that thin line between an intentioned – the medical, radiological - crimes and of the opportunate some, might perhaps appear from less apparent. In the first 'discovery'. (The social and of historical developments, sort, 'permitting'. Given the level from a staggering atomic faith in that 1950s.) ; However, from those formerly reading that Washington (2005), seemed fx from noting how much to that history too. – of the US's part, but likewise prob. It from it of recognized on elsewhere too - also often did follow the same racial 'mindings' of the time (Or, from it's 'perverted logic'.) ; That Washington providing the examples that black people in for more procentual averages were subjected in the various medical radiologic 'experimentations'. There in the described aspect, then (fx, also) that existed the medical context - ie that remarkably important and meaningful other “thin line” from – That thin line between some from between some subjects for the 'volunteers' and some whom 'subjected' unknowingly, without their any given consent. ; But fx that procentual average (Yet, I won't go on that part from more either, not on to this writing at least... )

The US or Russian practices, from at the time, in the researches of (their caused) victims to radioactivity possibly might've realised in cases of 'opportunately'. But the cultural and medical development that'd permitted it, that must then also having the lot more in connected w. the seen eugenistic devotinism and progressive scientific 'faiths' the (Began the somewhat earlier by century.) Some, many thinkers say that the same is still from even to more enstrenghtened in the effect, remains a part of the biology's and the 'physical' sciences most cherished principles. - For the more recent seen in the criticism from what 'principes' may lie under surface of the acceptable scientific ethic and consequent to the advances by fx, say, from the molecular sciences, and genetics. (I care not to even refer for anything from medical 'sector'.) But the p-o-w, possibly, it's most significant in the values and what becomes from 'taken for granted'. And, what's seen from of constituting what was seen/made for a 'reality' accepted. (Guinea pigs and victims become a whole less visible in a created totalism where, indeed, the separate experiences don't even penetrate as the sting and cracks in the 'grand story'.)

Whether or not the opportunities more typically preceded the crime(s), or contrastively from followed them – It to the more apparent that the neglect was a first step taken leading to how it now appears.

That not probably makes any justice for the several objections, the several peoples involved who'd felt what there was, terribly, wrong. But seems to the more fitting as any 'conclusive finding' of mine on this. Not just the opportunistic wrong-doing, but that 'ugly corruption' (in the minds) that'd swam to blurring any independent scientific conceptions, moralitet.

All still don't believe there is any much part of that, 'moralities', in the “hard sciences”. One way to often see, interpreting from that, is that it would've become prevalent in parallel for the war-time anxieties and 'depression'. (That view then excludes the longer histories from the said racistic histories and more widely look of any it's 'social setting'. The social 'divisions' sharpening in a world all too rapidly in modernization. Some for what that book by Brown offers a particularly interesting views to. That 1950s reality behind the 'coca-cola smiles'. What a folly. What a foolery.)

; That for said, from the most part, on that decade whose 'mind-set' from any present finding show itself to so completely (and disturbing) incomprehensible. Yet, even so: Were them really so out of their minds, or from just so well-educated to the 'out-minding'? (I suppose the latter to the more correct a defining.)

But, by anycase, at least if following those Orwellian conclusion(s), that citation on the above pars, lots to that same affected to a major influential reasons for why the first atomic bomb even got from created. Not a very 'admiring' finding – But necessary if one wishes of view those 'opportunisms' in their complete contexts.

And, of course, of the generations in concerning, on these views of ours a fewsome more of a word could've been added for. ; Anything addressed about the effects – the discovered and perhaps all that might still remain not from yet recognized of – to the unborn here would've probably had done good been them bit more 'comprised' at this writing. (Had that seemed proved...somehow practical, possible?) The parents and children (and also the fetuses) whom were been then left for to be exposured of suffer an unestimable effects from any amounts the released radioactivity. Sometimes 'accidentally' and sometimes for knowingly, since there was the now renown lack of care about anything like individual human lives, health, in those professional attitudes of the scientists involved to radiologic 'experimenting', along w. nuclear tests. Or, in the 'production' sector, ao.

And, then into that of course also 'coincides' that above reference, mention on about what only later been revealed of the then existed knowledge there was, to what comes for any long-term consequences, effects. (Also of culturally. And medically.) Meaning, on an above cites that what presented on the few remarks on that Titterton. ...Or the project in more generally, the one from collecting those babies' bones, or samples of for the 'detecting' any level of an accumulated radioactive amounts in them. Etc...

(Photo) ; Yet another example of a species that is not a bumble-bee (Or so I'm at least supposing.) ; Instead it's a some species of the solitary bee. (A 'family' that actually contains a far more species than the more better known, more usual seen 'Social bees' - ie latter consist generally the wasps, honey bees, bumbles.) ; An interesting p-o-w, that while the solitary bees seem to far less often 'catched' in my any attention - one assumes that relative many still visit the garden. (But perhaps w. the more shortwhile, in any their visits.) ; ...This finding, interestingly, was also after having found this specimen of the temporarily established, and then forgotten, plastic swimming pool at garden. After the passed, apparently, rather 'sudden' rains there were fewsome more of these too - the one I 'saved' for, in the pic, was still alive (but the few others had drowned.) : The 'discovery', of course, makes one also reminded how even the smaller human actions can be cause for/realise as unfortunates to insects. Of course, you normally wouldn't much mind, most people don't. - But in the variety from discovered insects 'floating' there - or sunk - I counted a three of these described ones (whatever species them were) ; Then at least three-four bumble-bees (two were alive), and a beetle (Which I also then saved). In total, then, 8 specimens. Not very much in all then - but a good idea not to leave the inflatable swimming pool 'unguarded' in the garden when it rains. The insect find it difficult to climb out due it's 'slippery' surface materials. (Obviously, some those migth've been sank just from because of a rains abrupt arriving...)

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(Photo, beside) ; ...This was the beetle I also lifted of that pool. Not very colouric, or decorated one - But it was also for relative large, for a 'temperate' (or, 'subarctic') insect. They're quite usual, this time of year - though', not in this 'suburbia' near so numerous seen than on some other ranges, 'supposin... It doesn't (,apparently) go for the flowers - Actually I've no particulars from this species. But the photo succeeded quite well to capture it's fine details, while it was for 'warming up', subsequent, in the mild, welcomed sunlight.

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; Yet, fx, from to offer still just a bit more in form (these) brief citings, or just as smght in concerning the preceded, via that Brown - I also find in place (that 2013, p. 300, 301.) these at the following:

“In fact, having a population with successive generations exposed to radioactive isotopes in a natural setting came to have great monetary value. Hoping to attract foreign money, a 2001 Russian Ministry of Health brochure promoted the 'Muslumovo cohort' as a data set with 'worldwide significance for the evaluation of the risk of the carcinogenic and genetic impact of chronic radiation in humans.' The U.S. Department of Energy invested heavily in this data set from the Urals, Japanese researchers, however, found the dosimetric records too unreliable to be of use.

It reminds me of The Truman Show, a 1998 film about an insurance adjuster who discovers his entire life has been staged for a reality TV show. ...

[...]

... in 1999, 95 percent of infants born that year had genetic disorders. Meanwhile, 90 percent of Muslomovo's children suffered anemia, fatigue and immune disorders. ...

[...]

Both positions – that the villagers are sick from radiation or that they are sick because of other sociocultural factors – can fit into one schema. Radiation illness is not specific, stand-alone illness. Its indications relate to other illnesses. ...”

; (Like often, these are heavily enshortened quotates btw...) But one would seem of find them from tell, btw, lot from cons anything what nowadays more renown become from to still (relative) recent histories for those places in question. (Here 'enbriefed' the sentences omitted discuss fx the more specifical of the health records; plus from other 'histories' etc... ; Yet thought, esp., that the last remarked in place from to these views.) - Can't much help the aspect; These views ultimately remain from...sorts of, quite selective notes.

Only too much having had to been left outside from what for the presented.

The children and infants always the most vulnerable some in cases of an exposure to the radioactive isotopes and, '-material'. Plus similarly, also the carrying mothers too, not for from excluded of this mentioning. ; Along, like perhaps quite as renown, then there are some of peoples most usual left for exposured from the radioactivity's enharming effects. Sometimes due their, more or less, striking levels got for asided of the societies most interest in the toxic circumstances, environments that having got from created. (Or, of the other reasons into their exclusion from these concerns.) Typically the 'natives', or the other peoples who don't/did not inhabit the modern 'city'-landscapes but appeared live more or less in the traditional way.

; Fx, (Tynan) mentions also perhaps that more renown example of the failed protecting of the native peoples in those atomic tests in Australian 1950s. (From the aboriginal Milpudde-family, people having for accidentally happened set camp by the crater created in a recent bomb-test.) ; Some among of the many victims. Also their treatment fromafter following that discovery from there, perhaps, might shown smght (lot) what for the most characteristical to those attitudes by British 'operatives' in test, and the military personnels supervising them. The thorough racism to the prevalent values, valuings in all that.

; Or, one could then also then go for those numerous cases described where the 'contamination' released, the wastes left in natures from originated of the uranium-fuelled 'plants', production.

(Photo, left-side) ; ...And then: Yet another pict from with the above descibed B.hypnorum (the 'bumble'). The main depiction, although, is for the presenting that of the July arriving my Crimson Clover (Trifolium incarnatum) were also emergin for the flowers. (Actually...as the annual species - When ready they make those characteristic spikes in a matter from few days. (And the bees noticeable favor. 'Though, not that I'd noted them to so much visited as fx some other clovers are. Some that w. longer cultivation history, 'traditionals' here.) ; Like said before I use the Crimson Clover mainly from it's very good capacity as a soil-improving plant. Random years cultivated it can make "miracles" to the poor, 'nutrient-scarce' flower-bench. ...This year I didn't cultivate so many, but them planted w. the spefici purposes, in few places of garden. (By which manner...That shall be left for the following garden-post..)

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“All my life I've been late, but I always arrive in time.”

- Talleyrand(-Périgord),Charles Maurice de) ,1754-1838.

- 'About' the words on one to his compact expressions, the often cited phrase. ; ...Interestingly (while I'd perhaps bit less convinced to this one...), a somewhat more renown of common 'phrases' is as well 'credited' to originate from Talleyrand. Namely that 'It is the beginning of the end'. The phrase (,if it really so, was for his saying by earliest), first used to refer on Napoleon's soon expected downfall. Ie that then was said (,if so was) in the1814. (; Apparently, far less suspectably of Talleyrands inventing, and an intressant detail - being that the phrase above first cited, was also his 'preferred' expression of his strategy for dealing with and trying to influence on decisions made by emperor, that Napoleon Bonaparte.) ; These references are via Harris's bio (2007) of that Charles Maurice. (The 'Prince' as was the common 'nickname' used by his contemporaries.)

'Règime Change' ; Talleyrand – the famous 19^th centurian diplomat – famously was acknowledged from to be not just 'very corrupted', but also from about his 'overt' self-esteem. To the level that fx his written memoirs seems said to contain the plentiest divergences and 'fancifyings' from the truth. From him having in them, without any 'scruples', of 'painted w. rosy colours' much that'd actually would appeared for his part, or 'role' at anything to the more disfavourable.
That noted, my concern here only on the practical impossibility on that first mentioned 'phrase' to this sayings. – Cause', from ultimately no-one actually can't ever appear from be for 'always in time'.

(More often, and particularly so, the humans tend for appear to be from 'late in wisdom'. Contrastively, somewhat, that's what much how any for the 'wisdom' then ever got for 'inaugurated'. We can prepare for the forthcoming – and some say, to the pasts from 'returning' too, sort of - at least in occasions – but ultimately all about future does remain the more or less for obscured. More often are then also sudden happened, realized 'cracks' at our established expectation, the less parts from the past wisdom(s) are for to 'enreach' our present.)

However, (of that last said, and from 'ultimately') cons then for anything to our further notes here, on from the chapters to nuclear pasts and from the industry's histories on militaristic, or, on it's “peaceful” uses – Mostly these read(s), them of course only did convince me in the view that it to a 'high time' from these said business, the (continuing) so-called 'nuclear age', if them were to pass amongst the other unfortunate 'chapters' at humanity's past history.

(Photo, beside) ; ...This adjacent one (butterfly) would then appear the more interesting encounter to see, in the garden. (Even without it having been the one I - somewhat for a first estimate - assumed to be. ; Such as mentioned, the day-time butterflies a rare by number species I tend see in garden (No doubt, mostly of the reasons this area being, most part, 'the suburbia'.) Like also mentioned, of the Lycaenidae butterflies the number maybe is, can be counted w. the one-hand fingers. From the species by formerly seen. However...when trying to identify the characteristics and 'colouration' of this one I came for the rather unusual assumption that it might've been at this Fennoscandia's rather 'rare' species, namely Silvery Argus (Aricia nicias), (...?)

; The guess is not very certain, for didn't have pics from undersides, but them were almost devoid from the typical lycaenid 'markings', or those decorative colorourful 'spots' in edges of wings, underside. Also it was just a bit larger than some others to the 'resembling' comparables. - But actually not at all too sure, maybe it still was 'just' a specimen of the Cranberry Blue. (Or, perhaps some late-flyer from the Holly Blue.) Can't say from it for too surely. - At least it then feels also in place of to mention that (that) Silvery Argus seem have a quite large range here, despite it's scarcity. (but, that range doesn't quite reach this far South.) ; Whatever the correct identification - A nice sighting, even for those few moments it stayed around...

One might find some relevant comparisons in from the histories of where (and there is many examples) some similarly conflicting, infamous, practice or 'beliefs' after it's times, then subsequently becoming for obsolete and declining. Often the more critical overall 're-estimates' then also followed the more widely accepted disfavor. For instance ; The slavery in during that 1800s. (Continued on some cases, places, regions from long after.)

('Though - To this estimate, in to it's any 'comparison' for this – The history don't exactly make that in all manners from so encouraging in it's possible 'prospects'.)

The selection from what meant for specifically also affects the timing given for the slavery's actual duration, in modern times. Or, in particular of how you see what would've actually meant for it's complete ending (Mainly, particularly at the sphere from a “developed”, northern countries', parts from the world) ; So, if I'd, say, choose to those the years for that lasting from 1789 to about 1850, to it's 'ending', as a process might be from estimated had taken at least the well over a 50 years.

Yet, fx the slave trade, could also be noted for had from ended some decades - w. an international treaty by the 1820s. (Was the year 1826, can't recall.) But it nevertheless continued, somewhat illegalized but not effectively controlled in the 'Spanish colonies' and on the US South for 'till for the subsequent decade(s). Which from just for the more 'standard' general outlines, shortly for about that becoming a penalised activity. And the resistance for the change. ; The reached “international ban” proved generally largely ineffective. Fx the Napoleon's downfall, and from prior that successfull independencin' from the St Domingo's 'slave colony probably had more impact in the 'process'. – Yet, one wouldn't say from that the 'treaty' wouldn't been a meaningful decision. On what then was seen for/comprised as 'the world'.

And then, there were(/by some places there might still exist) also fx the land slavery. (Or the serfdom, like that by formerly was called for.) Also in the 'developed North', some places it actually also did exist 'till for the quite later timing. And, alternatively in forms of that “human bondage”, by it's various forms to that is also possible count smght what more usual known, described for a 'debt bondage'. (Continued still in, perhaps, several places of world.)

...And if one then counts in the calculation also the racistic and apartheidists policies and politics continued, for the segregation and discrimination maintained on it's place, (well long most part the 1900s, fx in the US, S.Africa's, from examples), then we might come to the conclusion that'd add for another 100 years to that 'time-line'. ; It's of course quite inadequate 'from compares' – But if you develop a similar 'out-lining', then that all nuclear production could be imagined ended by (...the 2080? fx.) And the clean-up, and decontamination from the only so far existant wastes, perhaps it expectable, assumable from becoming (the 'most part') finalized – by 2100? (Excluding the more permanent, 'more or less', compromised (?) left-afters – Perhaps most disturbing, renown being those described 'radiation zones' whose actual generations-level effects holds still much of the uncertainty, and the former nuclear blast-sites, plus from all during the sometimes formerly lot released radiation, directly for natures (the rivers, ao) – of the 'facilities'; from nuclear submarines; in the lost amounts of a radioactive material; plus what else? – All form the long-term effects, it's not even well from possible estimate, not known from it's complete 'scope'.)

(Pic) ; (adjacent right,), 'close-up' on Centaurea Scabiosa. (Knapweed-flower). ...Not quite sure from whether I'd maybe had this already on some from the last year's posts. Anyway, the bee just hardly is recognizable but identifiable as some to the slight less common ones from see, here. Can't say of the species, too certain. A p-o-w, that now w. the more 'unstable' weathers by this year - during the last Winter and the early Summer - the less usual bumble-species found in the garden seem also been to (slight) less from any sightings.
; Hoping that them (,due that awful winter-period particularly) haven't 'taken the hit'.

...Favor your own minding, to the sensible estimate 'bout these aspect. But perhaps the nuclear 'business' – and it's vast risks – are only expectable to last just as long as the 'bondage' from permitting it. Any human, 'social' and – say, in lack of the any better word – cultural dependencies permitting that. It could – in theory – end on tomorrow. Or it can last until the next major cultural 'transform' renders the continuence a practical impossibility, in a final disfavor. (So far the world “accidental record”, in some for the modern energy-forms, hasn't lead for it's complete fall to disfavor.)

So, there is every possibility that the environmental and climatic disturbances by presently the more likeliest to emerge for the last 'brick' that'd “sink the boat”.

(; For I don't think it solely coincidential, if the known 'atmosphere-tearing', Earthly radiologic-levels affecting, nuclear (bomb-)tests and the subsidised, governmentally supported emergence of an 'atomic ages' just came for existence – Simultaneously from the decade for where global carbon-dioxide 'scale' is set to become a more concerned noticed. (Although the latter 'spike' somewhat explains from a modern measuring only began of that timing too.) ; Of course, this argument to develop for anything more specifically would need the some more...'examples' on it's evidencing. Basically, in their industrially permitted 'energy-enthusiasm' by that 1950s the people felt their ages for some period from an ultimate lasting. But not quite so for anymore.)

Yet, suppose we'll rather move on at this. Not meant here of some lenghtier, specific look, but of to some recognition.

Fossil fuel emission's continued impacts for the (global) climates obviously, by presently, the more usual of concerns. Whether my envisaged end of the 'atomic age' then would happen from ultimately arrive only bit too late – Can't say for of that not being any too sure. Anyway, sooner the better when it's ending.
No more for the Godzilla's repeated 'returns', anymore. – Obviously.

; Question, in the plainest, is then quite the similar of how it of those climatic threats now increasingly more common often appears become recognized. – Will that happen in time? ; ...'Time', what an easily astrayin' word. 'High time', 'soon time', ...(in) 'no time'.

But there's of course every reason why that said wider change should take place.

For now, w. these 'historical mindings' viewed by, I only prefer offering the idea to what the described production actually is/always having been: the bondage. (Or even more precisely said bondage for the stolen time...)

Anything from it's emerging of such an questionable basis and discrimante origins can't remain 'on effect' from 'permanent'. It's smght written for to it's context. The solar, the other renewables actually in developing constantly – for just some alternative examples, development. A view on the newssing - from (apparently) nearby these timings – seems give an estimate that while in the Northern Europe countries ('Fennoscandian') regions the wind is expected for in a 10 years increased for to cover for the 30 percent from all energy-need. (While at the moment, in Finland fx, that only covers some '10 percent'.) Good prospect in that too, therefore. (In case those figures really from the amounts of all energy-uses actually, not for just the peoples house-hold.) Of course, not at every country, regions, the procentual average by any single renewable energy-form isn't quite same levels. Fx, probably of that wind the largest average would've likeliest originating for the Denmark's part. Where the wind is perhaps the most effectively available usable. In some other countries it then combined of the slight different 'mix'. But by any manner; that's promising.

Photo (beside, left) : Yet another nice flowerin' plant for early July, which also seems been visited by...'many a bee'.
; Borage (ie, from it's lat name: Borago officinalis). ...It's also said that Borage's nice 'starlet'-flowers can be gathered and used as a decorative addition to salads. (And so I've followed the advice.) The page on Wikip. seems even mention for the leafs used on same purpose from parts it's wider range through the midst- and eastern Europes. (The origin-region of this very 'traditional' herbs plant seems assumed existed around the eastern Mediterranean.) ...However, the (slightly) contradicting information (on that wikip. too,) then seems as well say that due it's containing amounts toxicity, the leaves or stems aren't recommended palatable. And so I've followed that advice, only flowery parts usable.

; ...(I think,) did plant the Borage about 6 to 8 years ago at garden. And like was said 'common wisdom' for it - this seasonal herb steadily, of repeatedly grows every year, in a very same places. (W. even more of the plant, each year.)
...It sort of 'hides under' other growths for until, about, the midst/late June - And then it's flowers actually emerge, in maybe to less than a week (or within two weeks.)

; Then, despite it, I also find myself bit less optimistic from the prospects, an actual scope from a similar positive change in the environmental levels from to it's place, in levels necessary. Or, at least for what comes to these prevalent 'consumeristic' priorities, the constant growth in market for the 'stuffs', how it tends affect and 'orientate' the peoples principal way-from-life, astill. What to the most characteristic parts, what the en-contained priorities and oftenmost, unquestioned value-systems that helps keep. And sometimes even feel, having somewhat the resemblant impressions on what comes for the actual extent, how it comprisiming the actual potential in 'change for the better' to all that lot now become the more favored and known as the sustainable production.

But at least that social 'transform' is under it's way; More of a concern to the more of the peoples by nowadays, than still by the few decade ago. (There's no reason say, it wouldn't hold the promise that'd that change to still come in time.) ; Only the question of the already realised climatic 'disturbance' and what that means for the nearest futures, seems to the present appear in the most urgent 'public' concern.

Plus, the recent noted findings from the extinction-levels in connected w. that...ao things of (an increasing) present concern. (; W-G.)

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(Photo) ; ...And finally, the picture from my Yellow Sweet Clovers (Mel. officinalis) - Also already in the flowerings. ; ...Of that specim that I left to grow inside of the garden greenhouse - Only the few first 'spikes' having had for developed until this timing, or as yet.

Perhaps in the forthcoming posts some plant would be featured on it's full florescesense. - Although, that would not be of so easy to photograph, the one in this picture already is (about) some 160 cm in height. ; But anyway - them were of quite effortless to cultivate and appear rapid from the growing, even on outdoors. (Just compare this to that pic on an above paragraphs, where the still small saplings are only recent planted, by around sometime that early May.)

; As those are being perennials, and would last in garden at least to a few years time, I'm then likely having to seek to this some suitable 'spot' from there, too. (; ...Albeit, in the packet it seems said to appear plants of the 'two-year'. Maybe then my impression/recollection was of that these too said tend in the good conditions to resow themselves in garden. Well, like noted the one plant pictured - grown in "optimal conditions", of course - having already reached for double a height-estimate given in the seed packet. Maybe their longer lasting then wouldn't either proven of be so unlike...)

The weathers having remained last weeks quite cold and from 'showering' rainy - So, for the ones already planted outside that greenhouse we'll have to wait some time more still, 'suppose. It would be also interesting for observe to what kinds insects these to most would tempt...

/ ; ...'Assuredly' and from 'assuming..', by Dok Doc-to-Power.

/ ;"approved by" , "And there's more to it..."

Pic (Nemi) : ...The Laureline from 'buzied' by her marital problems, we're then having here yet another distinctive heroine...'of the blade'. To some subsequent followin' posts, that meaning.

; This modern Goth-heiress - Nemi - seems it, of created and drawn by Lise Myhre. Didn't check from whether she a Swedish or Norwegian artists, but Nemi seems of been goin'strong from at least since the 2003.

...But beware; it's the double-sided weapon, that sword. And the blade, oh, it cuts so deep, if from well sharpened...Yet remember, also for avoid from any too hasty 'levelling'. ; And every garden, those only do grow better fromafter their 'trimming' - Still, such as we would know, all from the roses have the thorns too. And who knows, for it is not revealed for us of beforehand - Whatever one then happens to find from any - the bee, caterpillar, spider,...a collecting bug?

...So, w. that 'gobblery-bublery' - now also introducin' her for our on-coming (un-)merciful adventurous 'quests' here.
- ; '...the hour grows late, the Darkness takes it's toll, the Shadow grows taller. The age of a Man is over, the time of the...'

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The Mule Skinner Blog

Flowers

Welcome!

Tags

Search This Blog

Banchee

Dejah Thoris

Blog-texts

Elsewhere...

Subscribe (Rss)

We also recommend:

Ocimum basilicum

Purple-Edged Copper

...Street art /a small Poster ;

Mule Skinner Citations

[Fig 2.; p.9]

Notification:

About Me

...Crepax (selections, combined, from 1969 Valentina)

6/13/20

Gardening, Summer 2020, pt I - The calamity den(s)...and a few good hen

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