(MSW) BOOK RECOMS 56 ; Or, 'Minding the Matters'

[ Pt I.] ; Or, '...was in reality a conversion of unpaid debts into investment.'

; 

 “... II.

The despotism of one man exists only in the imagination, but the despotism of the few over the many is very common, and has two causes: the case with which a small number of men can unite; and their wealth, which enables them to buy other forms of power.

If you look at the history of countries where you think you have found [an example of] a one-man despotism, you will always see a class people or a number of small groups sharing power with him. In Turkey, the janissaries and the tribe of lawyers; in Rome, ...

III.

There are two types of despotism which we might call de jure and de facto (if the word jure [right] – can be associated with the word despotism. Direct despotism occurs in every country where the people's representatives do not enjoy the full right of veto and they do not have enough power to reform laws they find contrary to reason and justice. Indirect despotism occurs when, in spite of the requirements of the law, representation is neither equal nor real, or when people are compelled to submit to an authority with no basis in law.

Thus, in England, for example, you will find that direct despotism exists because the right of veto of the king, and the House of Lords leaves the nation with no legal means to revoke a bad law; because the people's representatives have only indirect means to make that reform, all of [those means] offending reason, the nation's dignity and public order in equal measure. But England is subjected above all to indirect despotism [...from?] the House of Commons, which should, according to the law, represent the nation, does not represent it at all in reality as it is just an aristocratic body, whose decisions are dictated by forty or fifty [people], either ministers, peers or members of the parliament.

IV.

These two types of despotism nearly always go together. ...” ;

“XI.

The only remedy for the power of priests, which is based only on opinion, is complete freedom of worship and complete freedom of the press. ...

In countries where religious worship is free, the division of priests into a number of sects lessens their authority; and in countries where there is a free press the mob does not get its ideas from priests alone. Moreover the fear of being though foolish or hypocritical stops the powerful from allying themselves with the clergy. The example of England can be raised in objection to this, but (1) in England the press is not free on religious issues, (2) freedom of worship is not established; (3) generally speaking, England is governed by [political – defin. word, acc the referred source] parties, by association of highly respected people, and these parties take care to retain fanatism as a tool to be used when their turn comes. Thus, hardly has one party attacked [the system – again, word as on source] when the other hastens to protect it.

XII. The despotism of courts is one of the most odious of all because...”

(Condorcet) - 'On Despotism. Thoughts on despotism' (1789)

; via Political Writings (ed. Lukes, Urbinati ; 2012, p. 163-; p. 167-8, ...italics all acc to this source.)

;

“...'A big book,' said Lessing. 'is a big evil.' ” 
; “... Diderot is one of the great representatives of the philosophy of the Enlightenment. As the editor of the Encyclopédie he stands at the very center of all the great intellectual movements of his time. No one had a clearer perspective of the general development of scientific thought; no one had a keener feeling for all the tendencies of the eighteenth century. It is all the more characteristic and remarkable of Diderot that, representing all the ideals of the Enlightenment, he began to doubt the absolute right of these ideals. He expects the rise of a new form of science – a science of a more concrete character, based rather on the observation of facts than on the assumption of general principles. According to Diderot, we have highly overrated our logical and rational methods. ...” ; (Ernst Cassirer), ...of 'Essay on Man. An introduction to Philosophy of Culture' (1944); Preface p. 5, et 16-7. [1972 ed.]

;

“Consider Somalia.

After nearly two decades of fighting among rival warlords, a period of unrest that itself followed decades of brutal rule by a US-backed dictator, the people of Somalia began to experience some measure of peace when in 2008 a coalition of groups called the Islamic Courts Union (ICU) took power in Mogadishu. For the first time in years, Somalia's capital was safe enough to go out at night without a heavily armed security detail.

But there was a problem: that word 'Islamic.' Despite the ICU representing a moderate strain of Islam, the Bush Administration was convinced that the ICU was a dangerous terrorist organization that, if left in power, would give groups like Al Qaeda sanctuary. Since US troops were bogged down in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Bush Administration outsourced the job, backing Ethiopia with money for a proxy invasion and backing up the Ethiopian troops with aerial attacks, including drones.

They pushed the ICU out of power – and pushed Somalia back into chaos. The moderate ICU splintered into a number of now-radicalised groups like AL Shabab, the emergence of which was then used to justify even more US intervention in Somalia in the form of stepped-up air strikes.

Al Shabab has been most active in precisely those parts of Somalia where the US and it's cohorts – first Ethiopia and then Kenya – have been most active. ...” (Medea Benjamin), from Drone Warfare. Killing by Remote Control (;p. 204-205.)

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[X1 ; ...footnote (the 2012 ed.) mentions here: 'Condorcet uses the gallicised formulations, despotisme de droit and despotisme de fait.' ; ...Having not a especielt understanding cons those terms in particular, I think it probably irrelevant (cons these views)...as any from our interest on this, here most has to do via the view-point from a 'present-era', -period,politics...]
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[...Of the (most) Sincerely. : Provided by the 'Operation Mindcrime' ; ...During a notably warm Spring-season; 2019. ]

; Series view-points on Commonwealths (,Seq. No XII, supposin' ?)

...By this season, now some weeks after our latest posting, I'm observing the little remnants for our snows (relative) rapid disappearing. (Say, quite 'steadily' still, it got colder after the early warm-up period.) Despite, the weather doesn't actually give signs to quite resemblant unusual arids like the latest Spring-conditions were. Some winter-moisture is still noticeable, cold in the mornings still. Actually the air too is now still very fresh after the colder nights, and a few heaps of snows in places. – But who knows, maybe in few more weeks we'll better able to see from what the manner it turns for from this year's part...

From facing those prior remarked quickly deteriorating skiing-conditions in the midst-/latter weeks of March - fx the rains, and day temperatures soon well over zero (by C'-degrees) - I then naturally decided of to quit that sport to this seasons part. I think, did note down that the last day when I was on my regular 'routes' on skis, was by the 23^rd March. (Yes, indeed that what my notebook says.) From the kilometers I did, this year from period of Jan until that March, did calculated in numbers to 753 (km). ; So, all in all can't say that the season was any too bad. Not any manner near ideal, or from 'perfect' either – Of the former post described conditions from noted – But at least the amount spent on tracks was quite near the optimal I recall had reached on some years past (When the season also was lot better, beginning nearer from earliest days of the Dec.)

; ...The glance on recent newsings from nuclear-industry's promises soon being capable to build, sell and provide 'mini-reactors' as some solution to 'smaller areas energy needs' fills me w. the obvious doomsday-anticipation and horrified impressions. I mean, it said that during the 2020s the technology could be available for established as an 'answer' to serviable fx in the house-hold warming needs. Would you imagine any more apparent created vulnerability for the all by now common newsed 21^st century threats ? (Such as that from the terrorism, or from depending of the locality any vulnerabilities cons the climate's abrupt phenomenal unsteadyness. Or anything like.) Would any citizen to his/her senses be willing see any such solutions existant to their their nearby localities; At the cities or urbanboods, near water sources or (local) natural “resources”, by the population centers or to fx some 'traffic knots' ?

(...This w. the addit mention - Albeit some from less importance to the preceded safety issues – on anything former seen at nuclear industry's histories to and from it's former promised 'answers' to present problem of a 'global greenhouse' you might wonder from the 'costs' too.) ; ...W. the yet further noting 'bout how neatly such development could leave the aforementioned responsibilities for the local officiels (and alike) carrying. In a way, would distribute the mentioned safety risks for any partakers shoulders, and via that, of course, further integrate any economies and states to the enlenghtened hold of that already careless past. It so, 'cause there ain't any safe form from the nuclear production. (; ...I kind can imagine that the crews in the nuclear submarines and some comparable things have well-long past worked in near approximate of nuclear reactors, without not very often seen – not any for publicised at least - acknowledgings of possible long-term effects. In practice, the exposure on even some 'low' increase on level from the radioactivity.) ; Nevertheless, just the plain idea sounds alarming. Madness...

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On the plants, I've noted it more usual (than for rarity) that I get bit a 'anxied' about my Springly-sowings at this timing from the year. ; That meaning, in during their pre-growth – esp. from those sowed on early Months, when still is for the darkest periods. This time the plants growth mostly emerges in very slow rate. Just as that should be, the seedlings still very small. While there less of a sunlight, also, anything should only emerge in the shorter 'gaps' of a growth. But I often tend gotten unnecessary 'worried' 'bout; Why ain't them already larger ...Isn't there anything happening, and why? Were those from planted, perhaps, in the less good/favorable soil to them...(And,) should I already add something to those? Etc. While, in fact, the case being that those newly germinated plants only start grow more effectively when it well for the warmer Months.

Of course, in during the pre-growth period any development from the roots on still tiny plants represents most important part on. In cases when their stems develop too quickly it actually is mostly less practical, as the proper good roots then also often not so ready from being planted outdoors. ; In what the correct watering often plays most important part. (As there's a main 'golden middle-road': Too much waters and the roots don't so well grow, too little and the tiny sapplings are in the risk from dry up at some sudden heated day/week.) Obviously, to my plants any growth never is even from very significant indoors, in the conditions I can arrange – a normal household w. no green-room to them...etc. - However, even without too ideal places so it usually appears rather steady, continuous. The less one needs from change their places (or anything) of the small plants, the better them seem to do. But, such as it was noted, one often tends get impatient on this time... 
 

But yes, for those plants, my Springly joys (and now of some 'burden' too... :)

Amongst the several I've now sowed are ;

The Monardas (M.Didyma) – already mentioned in the preceding post – I've noted that their pre-growing not more difficult than from the (several) other species of the same genera (That I've lately grown.) Indeed, such as notable from one in the pic on that prior post, the early growth usually emerges steady (but from 'slow') and it ain't too particular vulnerable on anything. The adjustment for the outdoors (garden) is of course then (somewhat) more complicated a task – But, basis my any earlier experiments, think from gained the understanding that it probably preferable only start their adjustin to the garden from nearer the turn to June. (Even in the garden greenhouse, if still then some cold nights to this year – unlikely though, such as it would now seem – the small seedlings can need some covering overnight. But thenafter actually tend from get past any harms. They don't grow so large, so the place needs also to be from comparably well selected. As for the place in garden acc one book, sometimes read, that the Monarda prefers for 'several hours sunshine, a few hours shade'.)

[Pic ; Some of those Monarda-seedlings (...About late March/early April - By now already are a bit larger...) 

 
By now I've started to add to those small saplings 'moderate' amounts the organic fertilizer (Biobact). 
 

And yes, the ones in the pic I actually separated for a few additional containers. Just of the reason that to usual is that when plants get larger the small vases often become inadequate to any more than one plant. Obviously, their separating is better done while still so small that it doesn't cause much harm on the roots. Besides, when larger that actually slows it's growth for more considerably. ; Even so, one can actually also leave some growing that manner, particularly if not against planting those to any 'close approximity', from place. They only tend emerge from little more slow. (Most plants do actually grow quite satisfied that way too.) 'Suits' for the most vegetables quite as much as to the flowers – Although, during just any one growth season them won't then obviously produce near so well/grow as large.)

Actually now I'm having a total from 12 seedling of those Monardas (.didyma.) More precisely 15 - If I count not from containers but from all the separate 'begins' of. On my usual mistakes or 'mishandling' a few I tend lose ('sunburnt', dried up, other manner 'spoiled'), but mostly others succeeding.

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Then...I fx this year having for planted some Schizantus wisentonensis (By it's common name, apparently, the Butterfly plant, ie: S. x wisetonensis). So it being a hybrid like many common cultivated old perennials w. an impressive large flowering. And indeed, even it's leafs look rather large already by this early timing from growth. ; ...Said from earlier been a very common usual garden-plant. Not from had ever grown those by myself – So, actually, to this writing I'm not quite certain even whether them are from 'seasonal' or perennials. The former said seems to the more likely, though. (Given it such warm demanding, no planting outdoors here before, maybe midst June.) ; From the conditions – surprisingly, thought those at seem from favor more or less of the direct sunshine – it still said for prefer 'mild, semi-shaded places' (Or, is not tolerant for an 'excessive heat'.) Perhaps them then would do best from planted near to similar spots than those Monardas.

Anycase, the reason for this example presented is just from prior said reasons: I've not any former experience for their growing of the seed – And then anything to this (possibly) realised, succeeding effort also still appears filled w. many cautioned uncertainties.

; So far, from indoors grown, the leaves look only from rather pale green by color. Stems also I noticed from had grown to relative weak, as yet. ...So I merely wonder if I might've fertilized those too from too soon. But perhaps it only due lack by sunshine to these early Months of year. As I may often have noted, there's only a number from window-sills – Not quite enough space for all (many) grown plants this year. (Even w. the extra light from used – I actually considered it more practical not from used anymore, as it now it nears the May...)

...Yet, those don't seem not from represent themselves any manner too difficult to grow, either. (Like said, were earlier 'widely' cultivated to any 'prosperous' gardens here too.) Of the growth one also notices anything been (so far) to relative good. The only important prerequisitive seems to be some amount sunshines (ie, also you don't here tend relocate them permanently to the garden before some time by mid-June, ...likely?) ; The place to seems it said, should also be 'somewhat poor' by nutrients, but preferably fertile enough. So...? Sand recommended from added in the base, since that can makes the soil bit thinner and then warms better. Any very wet place for the grounds not very proper to.

; It can be grown as the house-hold plant too. Matter of fact, did originally plant those by that intention in mind. (A good choice if from some reason 'all else' fails...) ; The flowers for the species are noted from quite impressive – and plenty – So w. some luck we'll have those (few/plentysome) for the pics of a garden nearer the late from Summer. Due for that vulnerability to night-frost it shouldn't here be brought out before those well past – sometimes after mid.June, maybe then.

...This lot 'speculation' and notices also just due from because of plants you don't too well know, the growing from any that you're 'new' with, is often more of an experiment than some straightforward 'said and done'-task. Sometimes thinkin' I'd do better to check about any species to the more careful from beforehand. Yet, however, often true also that for many aspects one can't so well from foresee or even prepare for to. ...Actually - as I think - that some part main (foremost), fun to it. And you can't, fx, ever gain any similar experience on those plant (-species) from just buying them as seedlings of the shops. Life's a process – fits for plants as much as on anything else – and if grown from the seeds you're better enlearning to any particulars of that process. (Besides, apart from any perennials to the most usual of perennials – pansies, roses, "dandelions"...etc. - If you'd wish for some more 'tropical' ones to grow from, any bought ones tend have a greater likehood show some vulnerability on frosts. Or, to other 'hampers' such as insect pests.) If grown from the seeds and successfully having passed one winter, it often more assurable that them would 'strive' also in the futures. (Varies between species, and of 'places to', of course...) ; But simply, I think this often is much funnier – while certainly more laborious – when growing my perennials of seeds by myself.

; I actually ain't, many times, too certain from what would make the most preferable treatment, the 'ideal' conditions for any particular species. Many cases, I'm probably makin' some rather erraneous mistakes – Not from any professional gardener, of not usually knowing any too well some species' demands in particular:

- Fx: By occasional, an incorrect timing, when brought outdoors can make the major disadvantage.

If given too much fertilizer, too early, indoors most plants tend 'overgrow' resulting to the weaker stems and also that tends then actually disturb the growth.

Or...Whether the place not so proper (to it's very preferences,) sometimes even the well-rooted seedlings just not to get for any 'real growth'.

...Mostly everything w. the plants still tends from go on 'by it's own scheduel'. Sometimes wrong timings and those described 'mistakes' don't even make from any bigger harms, only perhaps preventing the flowering from during it's first season. Actually the most important task is to learn wait a bit, cons most these cases...

(Setbacks from planting 'by hunch', for example: ...Now having just recent planted also some seasonal plant, namely that Carthamus tinctorius - By it's 'common name', Safflower.). 
; ...As I've so far noted, about that, the seeds germinated 'almost 'overnight. (W. a minim help to; the warm-up mat). And now from growing very effectively – So I was actually obliged of to remove them for the larger containers – already. (By the 2^nd week!) Just to avoid them to fulfill the little containers I had selected for (Did underestimate their growth, indoors. Or, precisely didn't check about that the grown plants seem achieve well over half meters...) ; Reason for this mistake was just of that I happened assumed them lot smaller – But well, who'd care from to check about everything, all the details beforehand... (We're not being too pedantic...)

; Seems the Safflower(s?) for originate from 'Orient'. Obviously therefore, no planting them neither for the outdoors before any night-frosts being over. Yet, as the usual from most plants by same regions, as I've noted, them probably ain't any particulars too vulnerable for the colds. Actually, might well be that the inadequate amounts sunshine would appear a more limiting 'factor' to those, here. But so far, the Spring actually looks dry as the preceded – And these also seem mentioned 'thistle-like' - No wonder if then are that eager to grow. 'Supposin still, probably, these for some to easiest 'tasks' on my summery plant-hobbies from.

It just for some other example from several, by this Spring – Of course, like said, I'm now having the plenty various plant sowed. Some/most of them shall appear to the oncoming posts. If by any successes w. those (Or, if not the weathers for 'preventing'. Seems, that to these days the negative and positive consequences can realize for resultant. Last year the unusual warmth helped plenty from get my plants growth early in time – But, also that then led for the enlenghtened dry spell. Actually then making some of species to shift their flowering bit later, or some to even 'skip' that.)

; But let us not represent this Safflower to the pics either this early. Don't know, so far, from that too well. (Also noted it a plant from common used in the dyeing.) And, finally to mention...That one wouldn't think the species any too easy from spread outside the gardens, the seeds probably unlike for over-wintering in the winter colds. Even if by it's any 'thistleian' resemblances. At least I've not seen any spread on the Natures here. But perhaps sowing those too 'regular' plenty ain't still a good idea, given the ongoin' ever warmer Summers by the more recent. (It is fx noted that them do naturalize at Sweden. Don't know bout the latitudes, exact – But can't be so much more to south, perhaps... 
; And perhaps then practical is to collect the blooms before any seeds do develop. (Actually it's very uses, growing from often seems carried for that purpose.) 

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Finally, but not from the least important cons this post's examples, we have the Pulsatilla vernalis – by the common name seems that named from/to the Spring Pasque Flower. 
 

; From any histories for, we seem find it once been widespread in the Fennoscandias soils - But for closer our more present period of times, it actually is a threatened, scarcified a plant. (I may have made a few mentions to it by prior, to some posts.) ...What of course making then it's cultivation and (possibly, if successful) 'replanting' that for my garden the more inspiring effort do. At the moment I'm not any certain from whether there is even any hope from realisable effort. Certainly a more difficult task for anything comparable I've tried priorly. Acc the site for the info from local Finnish (/Fennoscandic) flora – on below referenced - the Pulsatilla vernalis ain't too usual from survive in the gardens when/if planted to. Mostly it's very demands of the soil makes the main important difficulty. ; But I live in some hope, perhaps there's at least some chance – I'm fx having the few specim from Hepatica (Pulsatilla ?) already from planted to it.

Naturally, mostly it estimable from having for preferable growing base the adequate warm, 'sheltered' places and 'spots' from. (The old forest roadsides and suitable heatland forests seem make some of the favorable choices.) In the garden, perhaps, from finding even from less nutrient rich base (in 'comparison') also is a necessity. Plus the other 'demands' that'd need be met. Likely doesn't generally, fx, prefer too much from any direct heat. Yet, flowers by the Spring – ie, that used to mean the May, or early June (perhaps) from any specific timing.

...Sometime earlier I might've mistakenly mentioned that the Spring Pasque flower was conserved in the regional area of Finland by 1920s. In truth the complete protection of the plant (incl. any collecting of the species from the Natures) wasn't quite that early but from the y. 1951, seems that. ; For the reasons to it's present endangered 'status', the history for it's scarcity – as the usual – more versatile than just some single reason, actually. (Matter a fact about it here the more from...or some particulars about. (Although, that 'info' almost forgets for mention that postafter that 1950s the intensified economic forestry to had the lot effect on keepin' that to it's present scarcity.) Yet, still, fx interesting to know that the 'warm slopes' and hedges some it's main habitat areas – And since those habitats too for lot disturbed, disappeared now it's any 'recovery' tends remain uncertain.

Pulsatilla (Seedling)

...It being truly lot more rare nowadays; I recall from had seen that in the Natures, in all my life, from only twicely. (...Maybe there a few occasion in addit for that, can't from any case remember to this.) But until those decades prior the midst from 20^th century it said for appeared to so plentyful that sometimes even bucket-fulls could be collected in some little a time. Which also making a single most influential reason for this plant's disappearance at the Natures. ; The plant (.vernalis) seems also for said from to grow a larger flower than most from other local/natural Pulsatilla-spec. ...If we then in the first place even happen have some luck from making it root on garden. (Thumbs up...)

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From the other native plants to the Fennoscandian soil – Or, as some 'natural varieties' for my garden in considering, I now have some. Like said in some late the Autumn-post, decided to add some more those. However, all from others, practically, also are more common ones. As species. Or at least they're not any rare species. Some maybe represent the 'older arrivals', having gotten here along w. earliest inhabitants having settled to these soils. ...Some others, maybe, might represent the more 'strictly natural' ones as species. But anything about actually more in place only when we're gotten something for planted, only. (This one example as just because it seems to the more uncertain – If even possible for succeed.)

[; Pic - To the right - ...To have some native fowers you don't, of course, it not always necessary to do any planting: These are some natural Pansies that'd planted themselves at garden. Their flowers (actually the whole plant), are pretty small - But fx there's a few butterflies that use those for caterpillars 'feed-plant' (Although, I've not seen one, on these...).] 
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; Pic (To the left) / Addit., 8.5 - ; ...Just for some 'reminder', here then leaves of that decoratively flowering native species, I last Summer planted on garden, on a few places - Clinopodium vulgare, by the common name 'Wild Basil'. (It's leaves, indeed, look like Basil - Although, just a little. Many comparable plants there are, besides). ; ...The whole plants seemed from had overwintered easily under our thick 'pack-snows', and already now them are taking well in the growth. One thing w. the native flora planted at the garden being, that sometimes those can start multiply rather rapidly. So people, fx, sometimes reserve a separate 'spot' in the garden for those. But not so far any experience about how about that, from cons this plant - I imagine the possible extra some, if any taking root, can to relative  effortlessly be 'weeded out'. Or, if that even should increase, neither would bother me anyhow...Midst the lawnyard, preferably! (...Quite unlike, though.) But it's a smaller plant, doesn't too effectively conquer the more of a spaces. And the particular p-o-w to this that it being also native species I couldn't had found for my gardens of the garden shops. A 'double benefit', therefore...
; ...I've also particularly bordered that, w. this small grit. Helps, from somewhat, also to keep the herbs free from weeds - Or at least any weeds are then lot more easily picked away.

A point-of-view... ; To these native plants is then also increasing number some that've/are becoming recognizable declining from already seen changes of climate. (I make these views from w. not any particulars for presented, having not a too wide familiarity about from the more examples to select. Yet, the recent 'data' seems for established a continuing number species amongst to our native vascular plant, of which some/many were on decline still by this early 2000s - Quite as well as at many elsewhere places.)  ; Pulsatilla (.vernalis) maybe then (appears) even a better example in that sense, too. It's some regularly noted more usual presence (while not so much 'commonity', perhaps) from a few generations past may tell also of the changes in the human cultures. In, fx, both of the economic forestry's caused change, disappearance of the suitable habitats of...Plus then also the more wider change from the rural livinghood of the peoples, towards more urbanized cultures. It not quite an unlike a guess that more rarely the kids to these places, by our more present days, ever even may had encountered that species – Except, perhaps, in a few biology classes from the 'rarities'. (But, in fact once, not too long ago were...commoners.)

; And then is a current ongoing climatic disaster, from beholding it's forewarned possibilities. Even for to cause it's still more abrupt decline, or so one could imagine. (At least these by the recent emerged early Spring-heats give me some inclination on such a view. A few looks on native flora presently, certainly doesn't give the impressions that any exceptional, for our more scarce native 'traditional' plants would be on a benefiting side at that 'scenario'.) ; Many likely for still from scarcify, gradually. (At least on the more inhabited regions, foremost.) Although, they also then fx say the economic forestry single most influential reason for many plant's a decline.

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; And, by-the-way, a few notes on that Abutillon of mine – in the latest post very shortly mentioned – It turned during an early April sunshines to flourish from this nicely:

...after all.

Despite everything, the mealy bugs-problem in particular isn't anymore troubling. (Such as I anticipated, from the earlier experience 'bout.)

; Blooms aren't perhaps near so plentiful than how those in the best circumstances tend emerge when a Summer season really gets a start. But, I think they're still quite many now, making that one exception to flower among my indoor plants.

; Quite as relevant that the growth is now for the more steady and continuous. It is suggested that this large a plant benefits also from some considerable cutting ('pruning') done on the twigs, once it more favorable from the length by day (more light). Yet, I guess I'm to this season waitin' from bit further until that done. And certainly not to bring that kept outdoors, anymore. 
 

Only disadvantage I've had to face, was that I had a two specim in this larger vase. The smaller one actually had the lot deeper red flowers (On the remaining the color is for the more usual pale 'pinkish' – Well, actually to the paler red, say.) But unfortunately after removed to that vase, or, from too early 'pruning', perhaps, the other plant dried out. During the past years, actually that may also explanate why the whole plant looked that 'infested' last year, thenafter. But I wouldn't leave the chemical fertilizes out the blame, even for largest part... 
 

; A small 'Victory' still...

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; Comes in mind, fromafter these plant examples, there very many aspects about a water my recent years gardenings and cultication have taught me. Actually quite a bit, fx I also recognize from how wasteful my some earlier practices to these tasks were. (The spending from waters in experimenting w. various plant that I cultivated at the greenhouse and 'soaked' w. the excess amounts. In not much of a embetterment to their any growth.)

No question, this latest seen unusual dry Spring-season might've been the major significant motive to my this recognition. – But not was the first 'awakening' on aspect. Even before that those continuous tasks with my variety grown species – in the garden from perennials and grown food plants, fx – had gotten me of to more conscient about how important is the collecting from rain-waters. (Due because of the simple reasons that most plants prefer the 'natural' rain-water far better than any “hard waters” tapped of pipes, from water supplies. If one then can to this present ages call the rain-waters from 'clean', well...Anyway, that lot more favorable to plants when watering them necessary.)

Then you fx learn – from the gardening – that any trees mostly just don't prefer any too much watering. Here most can 'get along', even if as sapplings at pots, well for several weeks. Like the usual to any plants their roots also don't develop favorably if too much watered. Except in case there from many weeks of the very dry-conditions, and no rains. In such cases - as I noted said at that Wohlleben, on The Weather Detective. (2015...?) - watering a tree can actually turn beneficial. But, then an amount for is quite indeed 'a plenty'. If it's very large one (the tree) can easily need a hundred liters in just one watering. - So, of that it becomes also quite apparent that any artificial watering from the trees, mainly, isn't ever, always appears to the very inefficient. Yet, in some very arid regions – and w. the now known climate disturbances – the artificial watering more often appears a some necessity for a succesfull agriculture. (Generally any food plants, tubers including, take the water lot more of the surface, makin' that more practical. But the question today then from the fact that in the climate-deteriotated world the other water reserves increasingly seem gotten inadequate. Vast amounts from also wasted for complete unnecessary production simultaneusly – but about that we noted already.) And even so, one can't fx avoid the p-o-w that agriculture – or mainly the biased methods it practised – been some most significant reasons on the desertification by many regions. It fx seems by no coincidence that large areas of the once called 'the Fertile crescent', often believed to the cradle to a human agriculture, now feature some most empoverished areas agriculturally. (Despite that the climate also of geographic reasons generally from more drier, too.) The over-cutting from the trees, forests – to the fuels, and for other materials in the now distant pasts – actually must've counted to some main reasons to that.
 

; In the wilds, or to their natural environments, trees also tend develop for lot better lasting of any drier condition, 'periods'. But if planted on the soil, from placings to unfavorable for them – In short, impractically planted acc to a man-made systems or from some 'arrangement' by biased 'means', them then often grow the roots more weakly and also soon become more vulnerable for any droughts. The qualities by the soil also affect, abviously. But the surroundings even more – In expl.; The root-'networks' by the trees contain connections w. the fungi, w. other trees, and even for the old stomps. (It even said the smaller other trees can help keep alive a stomp that actually proves valuable to them – 'Cause the older any tree the better developed are it's many root-connections. And also, them then benefit the growing many 'adjacent' ones. ; Also, therefore the technocratic belief on the cutting away the offshoots, actually, 'saws for it's own ankle'.)

[; Pic - to the right - A nice specimen of a Pine, from near localities.Growing on a 'rocky soil', it having developed actually to a bit less tall than is usual to more 'fertile' grounds from. - So, it has instead developed the nice, widely spread lower twigs. (Often those fall of, when the pine trees grow, but this case it has the more 'need' to those, so the twigs remain. ; Pine actually the most adaptive from Fennoscandian native tree-spec., can grow on a most various soil, in fact - You can find some almost to any places.]  

The various seeds are also a quite interesting to the watering-aspect(s) concerning.

Such as I did sometimes mention, noted that Arnica-seeds only germinated whenafter I did removed those to the more cold a room. (While their actual emergence, likely, might've taken on from aided w. a warm-up base. Yet, the emergence still was only fromafter were in the more moisturic conditions.) Similarly, most species of the plant do germinate in the more wet. Thats why - at least in the 'very dry' house-hold conditions – them are first soaked and thenafter kept to the more moisturous, "sealed" under some plastic coverage. Yet, I've noted, that many/some species - such as the Tagetes - do actually favor the more dry conditions for to germinate. Such as the common cultivated 'Mexican marigold' (Albeit it's common name from the 'Marigolds' used on other genus of plants too. ...That from the Calendula, fx.) ; That it prefers the less moistured, might be, of course, quite obviously from the plant's origins to the middle-americas - But said only, as in fact, I then noted them also to best emerging without any plastic coverages, int the more dry.  Not a difficult species to grow or for sowed, actually them are even more successive than the tomatoes seeds are. (About some 70 per cent germinating is promised, but there's plentiful those in one packet. And I even planted those this year of the last years packet.) No wonder then why are quite popularly grown to here, too. ; Furthermore these views also bring on mind...That in general that (plant) germination not always near so simple a task. The amount of light and the sun-shines also affect. Like said, the level of warmth even more so. ; Tomatoes, for example, best germinate in the dark, out of light. The many species from the (tropical) trees and vines – small and by 'origins' even some to the larger ones - often need for be kept priolry in water for a day or so. ; Quite as multi-sided, some (like the Acasian-seeds) are from first let develop the first small growth in separate, and only after are placed for the sands from further grow. And, of course the proper soil often has the major role to that, too – Although the regular used 'thinner' dirts appearing from proper for most various kinds. ; I wonder that one could indeed become to a very expert on these things, w. some devoted practice...

Yet, still, but just for the mentions. How wonderful are seeds – indeed greater miracles than any Koh-i-noor diamond. (Something that our great 'fave', Henry David Thoreau once from having wrote.) ; And an aspect, that the water in Natures also plays the more significant role in many things than just as some drinking 'liquid'. (To the plants, animals, humans...and  to 'whomever'.) Seems the seeds on that aspect such an interesting thing by itself too. So, I suppose having to do w. those still during when for the (very) old by age, probably. 
; Once also read about a man who thought that having the plants as a practice ('hobby') would from rival, in during the 'matured years', any human passions (incl the sex) for his younger days. ...Can you guess, who from, to had thought so?

And...had the fewsome in addit noteworth aspects from about trees, still to more for these remarks. But now guess'll leaving those for any oncoming posts. It's still quite nice outside, but the sudden burst of warmth fx tempted the many trees to flowering this early. Prompting me from to wonder whether that could prove true the caution from the ongoin' climatic shifts causin' those to 'miss the timing' from many their natural pollinator agents. (Some that may have not just awaken. A real, realistic worry...already?)

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“China has the world's second largest population of millionaires after the United States.”

; Ipsnews - from an article on China's modern 'resentment' (8.10.2010)

;

“For roughly 30 years after the second world war, the 1 per cent had a steady share of the US cake- In the five years to 2007, however, the top 1 per cent seized more than 65 per cent of the gain in US national income. In 2010, their share was 93 per cent. This did not create greater prosperity for all (myth number one). On the contrary, much of this gain was 'rent seeking', not creating new wealth but taking it from others; a modern wild west. In the last three decades, the bottom 90 per cent in the US (figures that resonate in the UK) have seen their wages grow by 15 per cent. The 1 per cent have seen their wages increase by 150 per cent. Another myth is that bloated salaries are necessary to retain high achievers. Except, as Stiglitz points out, the rewards are more often for failure. The inequality gap is becoming a chasm. Stiglitz demostrates how, in the US, those born poor will stay poor yet nearly seven in 10 Americans still believe the ladder of opportunity exists.”

; "...Management of Firestone tyres demanded much longer hours and a 30 per cent wage cut. The demand created conditions that led to the production of many defective tyres. Defective tyres were related to more than 1,000 deaths and injuries and the recall of Firestone tyres in 2000. Unfairness affects lives, productivity and, ultimately, Stiglitz warns, the security of the 1 per cent.”

; The Guardian - review on Stiglitz's book 'The Price of Inequality' (13.7.2012)

;

“...The strongest evidence for human influence [on global warming] can be seen in heatwaves, such as Australia's 'angry summer' of 2013, when average temperatures were 1.5 C above the norm for 1911-40. ...

...In Korea daily minimum temperatures were 2.2 C above the 1971-2000 average; the study found that climate change had boosted the chance of this happening tenfold. Germany is likely to have a summer as hot as that of 2013 about once in seven years now; before industrialisation the odds were one in 80. For Europe the odds rose even more, by 35 times – the result of changes to ocean currents and the great Arctic melt, and to emissions of greenhouse gases and aerosols (which, like melting of Arctic ice are influenced by natural variability, as well as humans.)

...By running the climate models with and without climate change, they ['scientists', on newer study by 2015] found that 0.85 C of warming (the rise since the industrial era began) has made such heat extremes four or five times more likely (,'roughly the same as in the Australian study.') The authors attribute 75 per cent of the heat extremes, and 18 per cent of the precipitation extremes, to observed global warming.” ; From article on Economist (9 May, 2015; 'Is it global warming or just the weather ?')

;

“But political discourse was jolted, last fall, by the release...report by U.N.'s IPCC, warning that without profound reforms, a warming climate could lead to food shortages, wildfires and a die-off of coral reefs much sooner than previously thought.” - New York Times (12.4.2019; italics added.)

Against any 'ahistorisms' – Or, against all that perjury, lies, half-truths ; ...Likely the consequences from present climatic deterioration from often 'underlined' to these days; The social scenario, impacts on global food security (foreseen scarcity, esp. on areas to most affected by water scarcity), the bias of a global food market, the politics in overall...all issues we've by earlier somewhat often noted, remarked for.)

The beeline, our favored view to these climatic views, then could, fx, favor the 'eco-tax on meat, and airfare and restrictions on logging'. Sounds it not for very comprihensive a view on all the aspects in relating, perhaps. ...And of a second thought, from just considering these issues, fx that about the foods, of which also so much always talked - I dare not say very much on anything about. 'Supposin we already have, on anything that to the (followed) observed.

...Notice also, that my principal interest not much on any despots or for what the usual meant by such terming. – Despite there on prior the cited (quotation) from Condorcet. (That on above, on begins this text. From a quite separate time, obviously.) Instead, more closer on these refers are the despotism by the habit, practices, manners, it's uses to anything the present day would appear on many levels, (some, almost) to the similar rate for tools of 'subjugation'. ; As well, by presently, often it proven that a level despotism can well exist and 'maintain' itself under the disguise from a democracy. (Sometimes, just one amongst the other common 'disguises'.) As the main said, any such despotism – realizing fx on the climatic issue(s) or for 'other ways' resemblingly, from itself becomes very descriptive for a world where the power is shared to themselves by the few – Which indeed also tends have the very degrading effect on a society itself. These 'global climates' thinkin – degrading effects for the global (human) life quite as much. Meaning the quality of it. – Plain truth on many 'adapted' practices to these present societies of our very developed 'West'. Soap operas and plenty greenwashing as the 'regulars' to life by any 'common consumer'.

Despite that, it being probably too early for us assuming that capitalistic form of economy would had come for it's very ends – Even if concluded basis the many present symptoms one now may recognizing. The modern welfare state, the general equality – plainly as ideas – does represent still a number of aspects whose realisation (as such) wasn't even near by the distant times when Condorcet was writing. (; Besides, to these historical backgrounds one comes to think, that like his contemporary 'philosophee', Diderot, he didn't find of any so much to object in capitalism or an economical 'modernity' to their times. More of a free trade, the enriched merchants for an advancin' modernity's foremost 'philanthropes' - All that was well in the agenda about some Enlightenment's assured future optimistics. Also then, foremost, in any presented arguments to it's very euro-centrism. Along w. during the time still existant 'inherent' beliefs about hierarchies of race. Though that not as much w. any biologically argumented 'false evidences' than at the followed 19^th century. ; Fx, Diderot, for a thinker, is the very embodiment to the opposite, disproving and suspecting many his days accepted claims about any biological differences between humans, 'races'. Yet, he – similar as most others – mostly neglecting from to actually questioning anything 'bout that principality of the European life (/'-civilizations'). As the 1700^th centurian Enlightened thinkers rarely addressed those hierarchies very seriously.)

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Perhaps some p-o-w, or also what we now may had discovered (, at least for some positive signs) that the main part elections and votings for discussions had of say was of these climate issues. Instead of the standard ever-repeated 'carrot-and-whip' to the citizens, in form of the even more 'flattened' topics of importance to them – no question from they are – but some that go the evermore less convincin' agenda from the jobs and prosperity, ie the 'well-being'. (Or, even almost as often discussed but never really to the more actually recognized issues – Such as the inequality, that of incomes, or from the bias in the share of any property. In the 'world', and by any 'locality'.)

; But I'm only being honest. From saying all those 'agendas' now already for turned to parts of the society's enhardened structure, and therefore to, flattened...'Cause it quite easily discoverable that it just what may have been the most help from to keep a general 'unchange' to it's place. ...And then, often thinkin' bout, these days: The same issues that the more usual seen as any necessary further developments (The ever newer techs and ever more 'improvements' in life. Ever more...) And then those never-ending discussions of what the well lot years now for been seen of disappearing, those always 'expendable' jobs. ...What a crap (...that is. Indeed.).

- Even if you'd think my expressed, said to too defragmenting a view on society, take for the considerations at least that both 'attitudes' (about jobs, 'prosperity') – in the present life – always seem to lie on the 'bases' of how it appears from become to some 'realities' about:  (That from) we're constant said being on the way towards the (, prior noted) more insecure climatic era. (Of course, I'm not supposin' that most wouldn't take this sort of a comment but only for proofs that I can probably afford for saying so. But meant just as it's said, think I have every reason from to really think so.) ; It might be easier – and some part correct – for claim 'that the whole problem' merely existant due because of that '1 percent issue' - and I'd politely agree with that - but there's, also, the lot more for it. What is needed would be the level less anthropocentrism in society, and far less anti-ecologic ways in the 'everyday' life. (Easy to say, of course...) ; Anyways, even if sounds that to very 'late wisdom', would've been to lot better had the climatic 'pacts' been in time and the issue itself been taken 'for real', in time. ...At least some 0.5 to 0.8 degrees better – Such as it now seems now,  only some two decades later. Obviously...Some bias at the 'system', don't you think?

But as said, here already said quite plenty on climates. ; Not of any significance to this, but of mention that just recent days the local weather took a turn for the sudden colds. Morning frosts and (slight) pours a snow. Almost felt like the Mother Nature would've 'scheduled' the weather's for it's more 'normality'.

; Let us now then 'compress' some from our gained view-points to these topics, for the followed noted couple issues – 'from' and about:

(...So let us make it only for some brief remark on meats; I find nothing from (too) particular disturbing in the so called 'eco-tax' for meats. The “rich” at these “global” Northern economies of ours would appear easily capable 'adjust' on w. that. It's more of a question of whether you can find yourself assured of the way it would become realized so that would meet those very purposes it would aim to serve. Plenty from past examples come for mind – And most relate exactly to the sort 'whitewashing' so common at. With the present 'global agricultural' trade-system, the 'economics' by it. ; ...Fx, it's always very easy from compromise any actual ecologic benefits achievable by some “innovations”, w. some proper 'set limits' to. For examples, everytime I glance the shelves on market, I notice that to our days 'advances' there about a few packets from organic-produced meats available. (I make no claim to being any precise vegetarian these days, I only eat lot less of that than before. As I said before, noted from feelin' lot more helthier and 'friskier' from resultant...) Organics sale on, at least, w. a double price in direct compare for the regular 'stuffs'. It would then be easy for to 'conclude', on these described basis, that apparently the common consumers don't want the more ecologically produced meat. Well, of course it seems quite obvious put that way – I can't afford that myself even by this "strictly balanced" diet from mine.

...Basically the whole about global agricultural world trade, on it's biased nature, makes it amongst the most climate-stressing 'sectors'. From the simplest, or for presently functional choice on meats I can't invent anything else to say, except that it always better only buy from the domestic produced. In case you have a choice for, such as the consumers at this, well, so 'global' North do. If one can afford, such as it was noted... ; So go ahead, tax the whole lot on it – As long as that is enweighed merely on the less ecologic – now prevalent – form of the production.)

(;For an additional example how easily distorted 'truths' appear discovered at most anything what comes to the foods. - Read for some place that it actually does appear more ecological for transport the meats over the Oceans, from the distant foreign shores, than is the same of the fruits. Since the latter mentioned by amounts, in general, does weight more. ; Of course that might be so - If you don't take in for consideration, fx, those seen several few past decades histories from the tropical rainforest's clearances...ao issues relating. That also ads to the thinkin' for having 'kept in place' the maintained systems from an increased consumption from meat – globally, and fx by an enriched 'middle-classes' in the now 'advancin economies' of the 'global South'. China, India to the usual examples mentioned. ; But obviously I then wouldn't either so much blame them. Quite as calculable that only to the present experienced climate-stress the largest part was generated from resultant of these few past decades seen developments. Incl. those said major examples, enlargement on the livestocks, global traffic, forest loggings. 'Benefiting' the consumers on the richer parts world, some who only by now are starting become, from limitedly, more affected by consequences to. )

; For a 'comparable aspect', maybe, the flying can be represented as a quite as good view-point for these things. By recent read fx also that following noted (It discussed from a some study, made on the basis from peoples manner for using the flights, by any 'averages'. The stats and data's for calculated, conclusions about...etc's. Likely was also based on the interviews, plus to the other sources then compiled in the newsing:

“The wealthiest 10 per cent of the global population are responsible for 50 per cent of emissions, and plenty of that will be due to flying. In the UK, around 15 per cent of people take 70 per cent of the flights, while half of the population don't fly at all in one year.“ (; on some web-article, not necessary to relate the source here – guess it must've appear quite easily searchable, even only w. this provided citate.)

So on basis these taxable examples – meats and flying probably ain't too quite easily/direct comparable – it would therefore, fx, seem less practical of the taxing flights. (By the amount/level from it's any practical 'means to' to have any effect and due because from a reason that the first mentioned would likely arise the lot more opposes against.) And seems it easily expectable also that the said '15 per cent', to this case, would still fly quite as much. But would of course, perhaps, change that the whole lot if you take in effect a system which would tax from anyone's extra flights w. some progressive taxation. (ie from – say – of the more flights than one by the year, from acc. the general wealth by anyone.) ...Supposin' that in this system from (all too usual) generating of the tax reductions in the benefit for the richer, it too would only be too easily transferred to some such sort thing.  As any other by occasional surfacing 'pinholes' on ('resemblant') regulations on taxation tend for surface, time to time. (And so those would still get 'the free tickets', all too easy.) But I'm not suggesting that, only offering here some estimates...

; Would seem so...Yet, perhaps it would still be wiser policy from to tax any flights in addit some extras – say – 'proportionately' for their any number from additional flights. (By year or from during a few.) ; Or, how about: Kids would be allowed some 'free liners' until a certain age, the return-flights for the funerals 'at home' would be free for the old, and, obviously any members to the Parliament(s) – such as that European one – then just would have to pay a bit more of their constant tarvelling. Or, instead, take the train – Like the regular peoples more often do. ...Still don't think it would so much solve the main problem, cause main concern also is to concern the stratosphere itself. (The more 'severe' greenhouse climate, from being constant generated, such as they nowadays say.) ; But I mean, at least there few ways how it would be solved for the more ecological sustained, and, in a more equalising a world from. (Of course, the previous not much took to the concern those people on the 'less prosperous' parts from the world who can not even afford to fly. Give them then the free tickets for, say, for a decades time or about – As the fair 'compensation' for the plenty past decades wasteful 'sins' by these more richer parts the world. Ultimately, however, all probably becomes for the too wasteful practices if maintained to it's present manner from. ; Can't also imagine that the flying either would/could emerge to much less burdening an alternative. Even w. any new kerosenes and biofuels from developing. (Unless any different sort 'flotillas' and light-weight air carriages would be to reach the 'development lines', 'in time'.) 
 

Or perhaps it then alternatively – in this typically wasteful and ecology-neglecting world of the richer - indeed is to become some luxury for a said 15 per cent – And still to 'after-decades' continues for cost as much (environmentally) for us all, as well. (Anything else from the present luxuberant consumer markets by then, a few decades to any future – can't exactly imagine for how near a time, now – quite as well has then become far too expensive too. ; But obviously fx the personal 'private jets' for travel and expensive '24 hour' to couple days holidays in the spaces, to few looks for the Earth 'orbit-view', are simply all too wasteful luxuries too. (Cons the rest of us, quite as much.) How about taxing those – the LOT more ? By an intergovernmental regulations to – the mass-polluter(s), simply, should pay. Cashable in any decided amount from. Profits to the development from less pollutive fuels, or for alternatively, of the more ecologic means from travel.)

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...And, still, to some 'addit' topics here.; Nowadays to the more is talked of 'climate refugees' – Whom only still by a few recent decades weren't any too much an acknowledged an issue (As we find it said about.) The 'Climate refugees', to any concern this said meaning. (; The term itself is not a too clear defined, but a glance on the variety articles on seemed presently emerged – on the web solely, and then there's seems fx also an organization from named acc to that – So, shows that any 'urgency' about for had raised from along w. the degrees in the 'global thermometer', by this 21st century. ; Or, whether the climate refugees then actually more resultant from the wars, choose by yourself the most weighing reason for.) ; Anyway, fx just acc just some coverage on the international law and environmental refugees, from 2018, seems give the following 'stats', to the near futures, on an expected number peoples for migrating: 'Predictions range from 20 m. to 200 million of environmental refugees by 2050.' (Although, acc that it was also said that 'these figures are contested.') What is clear at least being that the issue has emerged gotten to more recognition. ; ...For, from the 'past record' a remainder is not to too much 'praises' for, seems it; 'For a long time, the UN Agency in charge of refugees, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), refused to acknowledge that environmental/climate refugees needed to be recognized as a distinct category needing protection.' (...etc.) 
 

; ...The occasional heard examples of the more questionable politicians 'riding on the issue', wouldn't add anything too informative on us or this view, probably. Those usual lines from blaming of the refugees w. the various standard claims/by false reasons; due the loss of jobs, and from having had 'instill the view that the refugees will take away their resources' ('their', in this 'Global North' – Btw, how ironic, don't you think...?), etc... ; Actually not of space, places here to anything but there related topics w. that on the collected articles to yet another for my recent reads: 'The Secure and the Dispossed. How the military and the Corporations are shaping a Climate-Changed World', ed. Buxton et Hayes (2016...acc. to how the book seems from 'timed at'. ...But at least one article on, in particular devoted on the environmental refugees.) 

 [Pic(s) - From following to, of this onward - the most - are from Guido Crepax's 1960s, -70s Valentina-comics. ; All are via the Complete Crepax, Vol. 3. 'Evil Spells' (publ., 2017(?)..was that?) ; The one above, detail from the story 'Bluebeard' (-72).]

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“ 'You believe perhaps, gentlemen,' said Karl Marx in 1848, 'that the production of coffee and sugar is the natural destiny of the West Indies. Two centuries ago, nature, which does not trouble herself about commerce, had planted neither sugarcane nor coffee trees there.' The international division of labor was not organized by the Holy Ghost but by men – more precisely, as a result of the world development of capitalism.”

; From Eduardo Galeano's The Open Veins of Latin America. (; p. 77)

'The Pasts' ; '...an electroencephalogram of a lunatic ?', Or; 'this kingdom of organized absurdity...' ; ...There possibly could be found a relevant reason, to this place, for of make the clear logical connections with those previous said (aspects) and here discussed Galeano's 1970s 'attack' on the post-colonial, neo-liberal 'world economics'. (It's direct consequences from; The resource extraction, the maintained underdevelopment by his time of writing, 1970s.) As some of the more later ('consequent') followings, these 'climato-politics' not the least to our times recognized. ; ...But as anything like that would've appeared all too exhaustive, here only is to some views from short-cited – Or, actually it makes quite a plenty. (Not on a very coherent 'order', though.)

Before anything, a few more view-points to this (From why it's here.) : Despite the same issues are far more often now described and told on books wrote by the many 'euro-american' historians – Along w. maybe other resembling few comparable books/stories written at that time - this great book by Galeano still to more rarely seems 'come by'. (...Or so, I've at least thought from. Not from seen that very often from any referencin'. Although, I've lately not read so much of anything 'in relating'.) ; So, about the descriptions to it – many could've been cited as some 'case examples', some 'picks from' – But it fx contains this compact noted on creation of a Brazilian Northeast monoculturic latifundios. And, as often is typical to the book, adjoins to tell how ecological exhaustive methods and production established mainly to 'functioned' for to serve that un-balanced (world) trade. ; From btw p. 73; Fx, 'This region of tropical forests was turned into a region of savannas. Naturally fitted to produce food, it became a place of hunger.' ; ...I also, kind of, have the impression that this book may have gotten 'enshelved' by it's times – From, fx, due it's these (and the more direct) critiques to those 'post-colonial' systems. ...But one then also soon comes for think, that concerning any those times and it's very y. from publication, even the (one) reference - on above cited - for words by Marx, may have appeared enough reason on casting it to some 'public unknown' in 'West'. Or, to complete disappearance for it's any wider US publicity. ; But I've not too precise an idea about...Matter a fact, no particular idea on it's reception to those years. Yet, seems it quite assumable.

Anyway, possible/imagining the book from had enjoyed any/most it's popularity via the less 'official' channels. (The author seem write in the afterwords – by the -78 - fx, ao, that'...most favorable reviews came... from military dictatorships that praised the book by banning it.') ; ...Those afterwords then discuss the many disappointing 'regimes' having been seen to arise by that 1970s, ie the countless number S.American dictatorships. Of which ('most') were fledged w. an aid by the US's free trade policies and support, direct and 'less direct'. (Unfortunately, can't feature anything much of the said for this.) But appears it all too...very informative. I mean from historically and economically. ; Fx, that has on the chilean 'coup', p. 292-8, including also the rarer mention from Leterier's assassination, a minister to Allende's government and by those years exiled to the U.S. (According the note, on the p 328; 'the crime occurred in Washington on September 21, 1976.' ; And describes it also fx other S.American dictatorships, by the time, incl. some most to the notorious the Duvalier('s) on Haiti.

[Pic, (beside/above right): ..from (Crepax's Valentina), story 'Annette', -72. ]

Comparably, Galeano to a leftist writer, may in places feel from to offer (from present viewed) a (slight) overemphasizes to his any claims from the 'miracles' by socialist revolutions. Fx, mainly, on what said of Castro's Cuba for a present view, perhaps, emerges paint a bit “overfancied” impression from. (But thenagain was quite usual for those said years. From due it's political isolation at the time, or due because of those particular political situations then present at the Latin Americas. Mostly a region (then) on a direct dependence from the USA, or dominated by, and then also is described in book that from functioned to the large part, by many ways, to quite 'enclosed' a world itself. (Not just Cuba, the meaning at that.) ...But, not practically any too much familiar w. those political situations by the era either, as I've not too many former reads about. 
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; ...Thought it therefore more in place to only from mention (that) Galeano doesn't either avoid connect the economical and resources looting by (mainly) US firms at the continent from w. providing various examples from the different states and countries at. Fx, mentioning in relating that (aspect, resources 'extraction') by then accompanied 'sterilization-campaigns' on women - at the Brazil's Amazon, by the 1960s. (Near for the time of his writing those were relative recent 'incidents' but for now anything seem from little of any public knowledges. The chapter is descriptively named 'The Invisible Sources of Power') ; Galeano thenafter, to that, cites (by then recent) 'investigations by Brazil Congress', of 1968. - 'a voluminous report', which from reported: “ ... 'the interest of the U.S. government in maintaining under its control a vast tract of land for later use, whether for exploitation of minerals – especially radioactive ones – or as a base for organized colonization.' (w. the preceded as the basic means to 'pre-emptying' some scarcer populated areas from their original indian inhabitants.) ; In short, one gets for the idea about – of that - which of course by nowadays appears to the more acknowledged than on the more silent pasts: That the 'negative'-eugenistic-practices didn't near end for at the nazi-Germanys fall. (Nor the, so called, 'positive'-eugenics) In fact, until that same decade compulsory sterilization practices were still carried in hospitals (to the mental patients, 'handicapped'), or, for near those decades, as well in fx the Sweden and Finland, too. Plus, on the several other countries, incl the US of course, some leading country at that post-war era at the said 'crusades' on targeting to create some racial and mental 'purity' in the populace. ; And by that same 1970s, fx, Nixon's government's official policies on to treat poverty-issue were still lot based on just the resembling biased beliefs for those pseudo-scientific views, "sciences" – Some that lot had to do w. that eugenistic 'principles' held. (; Yet those often even more cruel histories on the less stable Latin Americas remain somewhat less remembered in overall.) ; Preceding those remarks, Galeano also brings aforth the US's dependency on a foreign sources for the most minerals it needs 'to maintain it's ability wage war' - and then writes; '...a clear link between the imperative need for strategic minerals, indispensable for maintenance of U.S. Military-atomic power, and the massive purchase of land ... many U.S. Firms, represented by professional adventurers and contrabandists, descended in a hectic 'rush' upon those enormous forests, which under an agreement signed in 1964 had already been flown over and photographed by the U.S. Airforce. ... With the aid of a U.S. Government geological survey, information and photos concerning the extension and depth of Amazonia's hidden wealth were put in hands of interested private concerns.' The 'conclusive' sentence then note that '...Amazonia is the largest of all habitable deserts on our planet. Birth control has been introduced into this great empty space to avoid demographic competition by the very few Brasilians who live and reproduce in remote corners of the immense forests and plains.' (Italics Galeano's; Cited are from the p. 152-154.)

; To those examples from, effort carried w. the 'adventurers and contrabandists', and the described 'ethnic cleasing' alongside, Galeano lists for materials in aquisation, fx: zinc, bauxite, oil, uranium, iron, copper, tin, manganese, nickel, tantalum, thorium, pyrochlore... ; ...In the aforesaid one of course finds the lot resemblance for our more lately seen multi-capital 'global' stealths that've been to the more renown, this day. With some exception on that eugenism – presently, immensely to the less any 'public' support than still was even ("until") that half century ago. Obviously, that so, because from it's histories and origins to the 1930s, -40s 'racializing' and racistic morality. (; As some pseudoscience it neither was not ever any too widely accepted. But fx in the US had some enlasted negative influencing, still by that time. (A bit similarly, that sense, as the scientology to more present day.)

; Yet...maybe then also in place a briefer excert on the 'black curse across the earth'. From what this 'anecdote' on the Venezuelan oil should serve provide of the main view-points/some histories 'about'. (Very 'limitedly' again, of course.);

'... In 1957... Shell's Venezuelan affiliates accounted for half of Shell's world profits. These multinational corporations do not belong to the nations in which they operate: their multinationality consists in funneling a torrent of petroleum and dollars from the four points of the compass into capitalist system's centers of power. ...The structure of the cartel implies the domination of many countries and the penetration of many governments; petroleum saturates presidents and dictators and further deforms the societies it conscripts into it's service. ...The natural wealth of Venezuela, and of other oil-bearing Latin American lands subjected to this organized looting, has become the chief instrument of political servitude and social degradation. ' (; p. 174-5. ...Examples about the same on Cuba, Mexico, then follow on afterpages...)

...These merely to any remarks from how during the said 20^th century the most intense searches were developed for the emptying of the richer natural reserves the less industrial 'developing' countries from South America. (Or, where those major concerns, the 'multinationals' by then targeted. Partly, due because of the historical developments, partly from the intervention and 'crushing' of any national governments actual emergence, on post-war years.) Quite renown, of course, but Galeano's text has the plenty examples, the economics and trades concerning too. ; One can, btw, also actually find some sort the same “evidence”, by less direct, of presented from via paging a number European writers from having stayed on continent by the era. Discoverable on books timing for both sides of that 1950s turn. But I claim not for to have any too precise, particular examples mentioned or recommended...at this.

...Let us for the ends, then, devote the rest these notes on sugar-histories. As that easier from presented w. this short (no doubt, selective) examples. In from some particular examples. On 'overall', about the Caribbean histories and sugar seems it fx wrote:

“...sugar did not only produce dwarfs. It also produced giants, or at least contributed generously to their growth. The sugar of tropical Latin America gave powerful impetus to the accumulation of capital for English, French, Dutch, and U.S. Industrial development, while at the same time mutilating the economy of Northeast brazil and the Caribbean Islands and consummating the historic ruin of Africa. The fulcrum of the triangular trade – manufactures, slaves, sugar – between Europe, Africa and America was the traffic in slaves for sugar plantations. ...”

; And, for more particular on those 1800s sugar trade (-'giants') also it says from:

“From the dawn of the sixteenth to the dusk of the nineteenth centuries, many millions of Africans – no one knows how many – crossed the ocean; what is known is that they greatly exceeded the number of white emigrants from Europe, although many fewer survived. [...] [during the 1700s] Slowly but surely England broke Holland's slave-trade hegemony. The South Sea Company was the chief beneficiary of the asiento, the royal monopoly on the slave trade which Spain had conceded to England, and leading figures in British politics and finance were connected with the company. Its business topped all others, agitated the London stock exchange, and set of reckless speculation. ... ['Traffic in slaves'] ...made Liverpool the world's greatest port. Ships sailed with cargoes of duly blessed weapons, cloth, gin and rum, baubles and colored glass, the means of payment for Africa's human merchandise and for the sugar, cotton, coffee and cacao of American colonial plantations. The British established their reign over the seas. At the end of the eighteenth century, Africa and Caribbean were providing work for the 180,000 textile workers in Manchester; Sheffield produced the knives, Birmingham produced 150,000 muskets a year. ... “ ; “At that time an Englishman could live on £6 a year; Liverpool slave merchants garnered more than £1.1 million a year in the Caribbean alone, not including their fat profits from the additional trade. Ten big concerns controlled two-thirds of the traffic. ...Slave-trade profits financed the building of Britain's Great Western railway and of industries such as the Welsh slate factories. Capital accumulated in the triangular trade made possible the invention of the steam engine; James Watt was subsidized by businessmen who mad made their fortunes in that trade.” (; p. 91, 92-3, 94 – One other detail, the 'additional trade' would had included even at the time almost as bad-reputed opium. The trade from it's most rises to bit later by date, the late of 18^th, early part 19^th-centuries.)

Ie, the slavery established keenly adjoined the sugar production's emergence from the early times ('early centuries', until late 1800s). Main aspects some that the more recent economic historic writings do confirm. (And from quite more renown to this day, of course. But, from reading 'bout, many books existant about, and one tends come for notice, to discover those only tell for figures to the transported Africans – the figures sometimes disputed as usually to anything is - and yet the development of the colonial trade (,later the "world market"), indeed, was in direct connection with all the said; slaves, products, etc. from 'accompanying'.)

; ...Then in the followed, on quite as 'abrupt' and limited views to any these aspect, I only selected for few quotates about several other 'big-scale' agricultural products, each. Some/many whose trade in frequent times emerged to the certain 'boomers' in consumers markets, during a lenght by the '20^th century' (and after/before). Some such are/were fx rubber-, coffee-, cocoa-production (At the S.American soils. Notice, like said, to these can only provide the fewest selective examples 'of, from about'.) :

- Rubber: (Said concerning the post-colonial period.) “In 1878, 120 000 of Ceará's 800 000 population headed for the Amazon and less than half got there; the rest collapsed from hunger or disease in the sertâo trails or in the suburbs of Fortaleza. ...The pay was in kind – dried meat, manioc flour, humps of unrefined sugar, aguardiente – until the rubber worker paid off his debts, a miracle that rarely happened.” - Cocoa (first sentence contains quotates of a novel Amado's contempotary novel, Sâo Jorge des Ilhéus(1946) : “ ...'Ilheus [coastal city, w. a port] and the cacao zone swam in gold, bathed in champagne, slept with the French ladies from Rio de Janeiro. At the Trianon, the city's most chic cabaret, Colonel Maneca Dantas lit cigarettes with 500,000-reis bills, repeating the gesture of all the country's rich fazendarios during the previous rises in coffee, rubber, cotton, and sugar prizes.'

...

In barely three years, from 1959 to 1961 – to give but one example – the international price of the Brazilian cacao bean fell by one-third. ... Controlling prices as they do, these nations [...to keep 'their' cacao cheap', US, Britain, West Germany, Holland, France'] bring on periods of depression which put cacao workers back on the road. The unemployed look for the trees to sleep under and green bananas to fool their stomachs: one product they certainly don't eat is the fine chocolate that Brazil actually imports from France and Switzerland. Chocolate costs more and more; cacao less and less. ...”

- Cotton: “The United States agricultural surpluses are, as we know, the result of fat subsidies to its producers; it spills the surpluses our across the world at dumping the prices as part of its foreign aid program. ...

World trade of Latin American cotton nevertheless remains lively thanks to its extremely low production costs. Even reality-concealing official figures betray the wretched standards of pay for actual work. In Brazil its done either for hunger wages or on a serf basis. ... [; and fx In Peru] Coastal sugar and cotton plantations ...paid hunger wages until the 1969 agrarian reform expropriated them and handed them over to the workers as cooperatives. According to the Inter-American Committee for Agricultural Development, the income for each member of a coastal worker's family amounted to a mere $5 a month.“ - Coffee: “Coffee brought inflation to Brazil. Between 1824 and 1854 the price of a man doubled. ...With the abolition of slavery in 1888, the combined forms from feudal serfdom and wage labor that still persist were inaugurated. From then on an army of 'free' farmhands would accompany coffee on its travels. ... Coffee plantations...in Guatemala...have private police forces: there, as the popular sayin has it, 'a man is cheaper than a mule,' and the repressive apparatus sees that he remains so. ... As for Haiti, ...wages Haiti requires by law belong in the department of science fiction: actual wages on coffee plantations vary from $ 0.7 to $ 0.15 a day.

In Colombia, ...According to a Time magazine report in 1962, only 5 per cent of the price yielded by coffee in its journey from tree to U.S. Consumer goes into the wages of the workers who produce it. ....” ; “If the 1964 coffee crop had been sold in the U.S. Market at 1955 prices, Brazil would have received $200 million more. A drop of only one cent in the price meant a loss of $65 million to the combined producing countries. ... In July 1968 Brazilian coffee cost 30 percent less in the United States than in January 1964, but U.S. Consumers did not pay less: they paid 13 per cent more. ...Six U.S. Concerns control more than third of what enters the United States: these firms dominate the business at both ends. ”

; ...Btw, of resultant, (even today) this from the main reasons I personally not buy coffee as anything else but from Fair trade-labeled. (At least feels 'cleaner' so, sort of...)

-----

; I'm of course not any too much familiar w. the many to those periods, or details in particular, that described on the book. Or, supposedly there much more modern researches on, more 'recent' (later) historical views (also) to those more past 1800ian histories. – The book covers quite long periods time; Being wrote around the times when those post-colonist systems weren't near that much in questioned (than presently), one not necessary thinks that either for any shortage. (Actually, the 'mushroom emergence' of dictatorships and 'coups' to regimes/regions on Latin America, that 1970s, ie just around the years after from it's publication, seems that for even more the worth than it's contents. Mostly is very readable  still to this day.)

; Acc the writer's own estimate – on that afterword – it is stated, about, fx; 'I know I can be accused of sacrilege in writing about political economy in the style of a novel about love or pirates. But I confess I get a pain reading valuable works by certain sociologists, political experts, economists, and historians write in code. ...I suspect the boredom can thus often serve to sanctify the established order, confirming that knowledge is a privilege of the elite.' (; p.288. What meant by that 'code' is then (289) explained to what 'recognized' at the documents from the 'specialized international organizations', on which the 'aseptic vocabulary' fx “translating” the '...impoverisment of the working class' to the ' “regressive income distribution.” ' Indeed, that almost directly leads one from to think what the otherways characteristical, often, for such languages and sorts for 'documents': forgeries, the selectivity, the (hidden) denial. And indeed, keeping 'oppression' in effect. (Orwell's some takes on such language come almost inevitably for mind..)

In other words, short expressed, feels that still quite well worth for the promise by any finding.

; ...An interesting p-o-w that this original -73 translation seems feature to it's cover-page an enslaved looking man staked on the thorns of some agave(?)-looking plant – Pretty much a metaphoric image linkin' that for the statue of liberty. (Even that that not what being, anyhow from...expressed, precisely.) ; The library catalog-terms on that printing (Monthly Rev. Press ed., -78...?) appear somehow revealing to it's times, actually: the words used are 'Latin America – Economic conditions' - ie placing that perhaps 'correctly', at least from 'regionally'. But then any other 'sub-categories' are actually lacking. (I've neither not knowledge of the particulars of that system, from those words at English library classifications. 'Supposin the words fx merely classificatory and not serve as 'search terms'. (; ...Also, still, books printed by some followed decades seem often show to some 2-3 additional 'sub-categories' from any such search terms. To the more recent it seems from disbanded from printing those on the book's 'forepages' – Or, for a more particular 'look', the practice seems from vary a lot, for the complete 'random' ...one might think? Some have the classification, terms. ...But for many, or most from – they don't.) ; Anyway, one might find some 'cross-referencings' to more functional and practical. (If that would've contain 'sub-classes', like fx; History – colonial history ; World trade – poverty, underdevelopment) And by the more recent books, in exception from the fiction books, tend more often to have some.

Whatever the worth to these 'hairsplittings', one of course can't fail from notice that this exactly a (some) place where the sort 'code' might appear to reveal itself, it's very logic, where it works w. the most efficiently. Whatever the 'scope' to that cataloging system, or it's 'system' to the more exact, - By any manner a book termed under just 'Economic conditions' then for this day speaks (somehow) very accurately from those attitudes by it's era. For some comparison, Google presently, ain't to some levels any less impartial for a view, to some 'order'. (Cons these aspect.) But at least you then have the more ways for from seek for what you might think to having some relevance. (At least as long as you can trust the 'provider' not chose to hide anything for/as some 'black spots' on the 'narrative'...) ; By the era before any online searching, or even of the 'automated data-processing', the said manner classification may also have appeared had even the more hierarchisin' role in the catalogues, still.

Nevertheless, also, basically one finds (some parts) the book to resemblant for certain older ecologic-histories – But obviously those mostly to lot less critical for any 'contemporary' political history. Also, those some by Crosby, McNeill fx to lot more easily 'surfaced' for my some finding. Perhaps it  also speaks of the same. ; But any case, even that there are of course lot more recent 'volumes' on those periods, views about, and (ao, the colonial) histories, Galeano's book about the many 'devours' by the capitalistic economy/system some well 'introductive' book to that 'topic'. He fx – logically – lot more specifically concentrates on those problemas by US – Latin America relations, trade than fx Charles Mann does. (Some whose books I've occasional prior mentioned.)

Not actually (by originally) meant it but for some effort to 'fish' that from it's 'historical shelving'. Or, from it's(possible) disappearance. One tends get too wordysome...But there's more 'fruit' on that than at many 'comparable' books. Not too tiresome wrote, while the amount examples and 'specifics' sometimes tires.

; And of course, it was not from my any intentions to write this much on (this) book here. (To this instance).

-------------------

'...they ['continue', to] crave gold like hungry swine...', Or; Of 'performs' to reforms, for 'real' ? ; (To return,) to these issues about the (global) climatic safety: Seems from the now present 'standard' economic GNPs to the 'richer North' – and present days techs-filled lifestyles – it doesn't look any too easily compatible a scenario. (Any manner you look.) Nevertheless, is also quite as often remarked that with the more equal global economics, even on the more water-scarce regions a stabile food production could be quite well in achievable. (And consequently, also better food security) ; In short, the major question still most often not from actual scarcity of water - but on it's wasteful overuses on a global economy. (The 'level', amounts from.) The most of that overuses, 'consequently', directly harming the poorest. (Strictly the ages old dilemma between the rich and the poor. The wealthier and more deprived economies of the World. Some that fx the prior cited Galeano pretty much already was describing, by the 1970s, of the S.Americas part.) - Shouldn't actually said this much, guessin' that any place finds it's own plenty issues on an 'average' inequality. Locally and globally. Yet, the 'prosperous' should in the futures feel even less confident from their any 'right to', as the climatic disruptions automatically start to affect more gradually on themselves, too.

...As always there's of course some 'false excuses' to any average consumer of feel not so concerned about one's own 'responsibility'. ; On that Tegmark (201...6?), some place, fx read it written ('about like') that in the present world the property owned by some '8 richest people is roughly the same amount as that by the poorest 3 Mrd people.' - ie, that equals the same as what owned by the poorest 'one third' by all people, in the world.

Quite telling a comparison, if it presently indeed is so. (Not that I'd find this for anyhow suspectable, actually.) ; The enlightened thinkers on our above referred 1700s, such as that Condorcet from cited, would've probably slight raised their eye-brows on that level an 'imbalance' to the present world. A few pieces of cake by Marie Antoinette's 'announcing' and a few seen sacrileges against the principles of the catholic creed, wouldn't then felt from any so outrageous deeds anymore. (Perhaps would've then more sarcastic just remarked of the revolutions 'from expectable'.)

Also then, a militaristic spending seem said of been till some early decades 2000s to it's rise – quite as before – Obviously, (it) a major factor of increasin' the humanitys ever-troubling resources waste.

In fact, all the military high-tech and weaponry ads vast piles on – fx – that water waste. Also, US mid-east wars by around the same timing, said to some major origin and reasons for those resulted climate 'migrants' (ie refugees). Even more than any climate-issues, from itself would've caused this far. ; Along w. that, Robins – on a book at our previous recent post referred - remarks that on thinkin' by many 'anti-western' groups the said climate insecure era from having already begun. Which actually feels not at all hard for believe - Considering that within those (recent) seen wars in the more arid regions, the water-issues now already are seen for emerged to still increased an importance. Can even have had effect on triggering the some earliest 'revolts' at, it is said. Some cases, maybe, in resultant of the rain-seasons from having not arrived in time, or, at all. Or, those from been in the very late. As the climate from having it's major effect on any agricultural security too.

--------------

In a way, I find it then here rather telling that the relative little affected climatic levels here, so far, seem still lead for to the more advancing compromises what comes to the actual value of the ecology, for itself. Well, w. those plenty given forewarnings what they could then instead do? Obviously, leave more of those plants in the midst these still extant, incl. here 'urbanhoods' the copses, gardens, small forestries, hedgerows, 'wastelands', parks in places. ...But I've noted the most on any these views before.

...There's still various other aspects usually 'in addit' to more common discussed from energies spent, the warming to increases.

Many those (likely) also to increase any local climate stress. Just think a few: traffic (pollution, noise). The littering, plattering (accumulated rubbish, resulting from more careless habits.). And most of all – the now to more widely noted decline of the greeneries. (That large part, as usual, is because to an increased human building activity...plus from other sorts the same activitets, which tend always generate of the prospering human economics.) 
 

; And then, you possibly  even can't from very effectively, or any manner easily of sensibly, fx, to tax everything acc for it's any real climatic cost(s). For example, the land itself most often is very carelessly viewed and used as a 'resource', to any these urban regions of my stay – Why that a significant problem, was on the above tried from briefly outlined. It would appear sensible, for the states, to tax from any unnecessary overuses from land. But how could you as the prices for any accommodations, rents and all, after all this expansion invested to the market economy now 'nears the rooftops'...? In short, it too soon feels difficult to establish by any...'impartial' system. ; ...From thinkin' any of the pros and cons then, emerges still to the more favorable alternative at least if those construction activitets centered merely to those already urbanized areas. (Instead than on the unbuilt some.) - 'Cause, then the main losers on within (local) climate's apparent loss, decline of the 'flexibilitat' are mostly the peoples livin to those urbanhoods. (Those consequences, often barely recognized, are quite obvious: Too dense. Too little vegetations, too much of the asphalt, concrete in places. Better traffics, yes – But w. that also the more open unshaded area. More heat that that receives, reflected for the surfaces. The more indirect consequences are perhaps quite as accumulative, as any of the increased livin' space also equals w. a more energy uses needed. Here esp., where the winters cold. (; Albeit to that more environmental and ecosavy solutions expected to slice/reduce important part of that 'pile up', or of that extra increase. But such as we know there already some to 'excesses', I'm not too convinced about any actual improvements to their 'living economy', either.  From even so.)

 

: Pic (on above) ; ...of the story 'Bluebeard' (-72)

; However – the main irony to it, and I think from seeing that quite clearly – that here an overall wealth pretty much 'safeguarding' peoples to most/severest climate effects. Or makes us more 'blindfolded' for those. So peoples here then w. fx a newly built housing economy will in fact increasingly find the ('standardised') living habitats now built actually to the less favorable, climatically, for some oncoming decades. But maybe I'm just overestimating – Extremes w. some 'horrid' cold in winters, or 'super-heated' to the Summers are, anycase, bad for the peoples as well to the Natures. By simple reasoning, you wouldn't want for worsen those conditions w. a more decline in any cover for.

---------------------

“'To attempt to reform the poor while the opulent are corrupt', ...Hannah More would write in the 1780s, was 'to throw odours into the stream while the springs are poisoned'.

[...]

...Even... in 1831, one year before the passage of the first Reform Act, 90 members of the peerage still controlled the election of more than one third of Great Britain's MPs.

So the position of the British governing élite in the half-century after the American war was a deeply paradoxical one. It was relatively homogenous. At its higher levels, it was extraordinarily compact. Its wealth and power were very great and, as Wade and Cobbett correctly diagnosed at the time, actually becoming greater still in some respects. All of these qualities helped it to sustain the challenge of war, empire, revolution, social change and political dissent. But these self-same qualities – homogenuity, compactness, wealth and power – naturally invited attack as well. If it was to restore its reputation and confidence after defeat in America and win support for a prolonged war against an avowedly egalitarian and meritocratic France, the British élite required far more than coercive power. It needed to be able ti repel suggestions that it was an exclusive and over-lavish oligarchy and legitimise its authority anew. Most of all, perhaps, its members needed to demonstrate to themselves as well as to others that they were authentically and enthusiastically British: to prove, as Edmund Burke put it, that 'a true natural aristocracy is not a separate interest in the state, or separable from it.' Maintaining their close social identity, they had at the same time to assert their rightful place as patriots. And to a much greater degree than is sometimes acknowledged, they succeeded in doing precisely this.

Let us see how.”

; (Colley), of Britons. Forging the Nation 1707-1837 (-92/2005 ; p. 154, 155 – Italics: Colley's)

;

“René Chateaubriand, France's foreign minister under Louis XVIII, wrote in presumably well-informed disgust: 'In the hour of emancipation the Spanish colonies turned into some sort of British colonies.' he cited some figures. Between 1822 and 1826, he said, Britain had extended to the liberated Spanish colonies ten loans for a nominal value of around £21 million, but after deduction of interest and middlemen's commissions scarcely £7 million had actually reached Latin America. At the same time, more than forty limited stock companies had been created in London to exploit Latin America's natural resources – mines, agriculture – and to establish public service enterprises. Banks mushroomed in Britain... [...]

...Except in Paraguay (whose contrary effort was crushed), then process was similar throughout Latin America – and still is, although the creditors and mechanisms are different. ...” ;

“...By the middle of the nineteenth century, servicing the foreign debt absorbed almost 40 percent of Brazil's budget, and every country was caught in the same trap. Railroads formed another decisive part of the cage of dependency; when monopoly capitalism was in flower, imperialist influence extended into the colonial economies' remote backyards. Many of the loans were financing railroads to bring minerals and foodstuffs to export terminals. ...” (; Galeano) ; of (p. 216, 217; 218; [X2].)

 --------------
; Note, [X2]: ...The followed page (219) also describes that 'process' of the imperialism, followingly: “It was not the British capital that laid the first tracks across Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Guatemala, Mexico and Uruguay. Nor in Paraguay, as we have seen; but the railroads built by the Paraguyan state, with the help of European technicians, passed into British hands after the defeat. The other countries' railroads went the same way without producing a single centavo of new investment; furthermore, the state contracts took care to assure the companies a minimum profit level, to avoid possible unpleasant surprises. Decades later, ...[the 'most'] states bought the scrap iron from the British and thus nationalized the companies' losses.

When the railroads were booming, the British concerns had often obtained considerable land concessions on either side of the tracks, in addition to the railbeds themselves and the right to build new branch lines. The land was an additional business bonanza. A fabulous gift to the Brazilian railway in 1911 led to the burning of countless huts and the eviction or death of peasant families in the concession area. It was this that triggered off the 'Contestado' revolt, one of the greatest outbursts of popular fury in Brazilian history.”

-----------

'The Futures' - Killer Queens? (...Plus other 'scourges' on these modern 'bad blasphemies' ; From my any findings...) ; ...Soforth - By recent I happened also recognize there early century's emerged large enthusiasm about such 'far out'-things as an A.I. (That, a non-human intelligence, often 'envisioned' but rarely seen, and as well from so much in the 'epic-enter' to any lot of that from the comps, data an' the futuristics-oriented faith on a future by some “improved” humanity.) It's connections then are, fx, for the 'big' money, the intelligentsian day-dreams, the Silicon valley, and for the most alarming, the 'army uses' from – All what actually falls most part outside these observations for some cartographies only. ...Along w. what could've also been established to this of a rivalling number foreseen of the 'molecular-biologic-alternatives' - which means (mainly) the genetics-originated some of the same. (An 'Anthropomorph', vol. 2.x, ...'dot' smght.) ; Plus, what else(?) related, to the 'more recent'...

Some say those 'latest steps' now for the real - And the humanity being 'on the brink' from such an invention. Well, as such it's, of course – Nothing new. Meaning the 'belief for', in the more mathematics-/Natural scientific-circles always been very strong – Ever since from Turing at least (Ie; from ca 1950s ) ; But I mean not to discredit all that straightforward. In other words: Who's to say – actually Lanier (, whose book I also little 'glanced about') seemed quite realistic criticizing such foolish ideas – that about an 'actually' thinkin unhumanity ? Created by techs, even. Indeed. But, the book now for some decade old, actually we're not either too sure of whether it's discredits been merely a part on that debate around. Which still seems remain, say, 'lively'. (Ain't the word from quite telling...)

Other aspects for noted will follow. ; But from consequently – of these views - I actually came for think, for observe, decide, that the only important question concerning this much hyped and 'hoped for' artificiality “for real”, is not whether it having (the) mind that really could think 'by itself'. No, instead the only important question being whether it can be any manner assumed, from 'imagined' posses any soul. Unfortunately, there's not a manner I could invent to that question a positive answer. Any non-human without that woould then even evade those very Descartesian basic viewpoints for questions about the existence. (In short, there still must appear some truth to those androidian paranoidian endreamings of the sort seen at the movie Blade Runner. The old vers. of it, from 1980s for an 'actual' movie from.) ; All else - About that envisioned of the 'tech improving tech', and the resultant “decline” from the human race in that 'postward' world is actually just the sort 'blind watchmaker'-type stories , I think. Has some relatives on the early 1930s 'western civilisation'-foresees, too. (Those about it's then prospected 'ends'.)

Yet, interested as always (, on scifi) I then also read lately quite a few (plenty) bits to this from the 'recent' literatures on the “foreseen” tomorrows – Iow, some to previous years published futuristics. Such as the Susskind (2018) on 'Future politics' and then a couple other 'introductions' that...also at least 'side-step' and 'cross-step' the futuristics. ; And then, more for to 'present day' views, more for 'near times', read that on prior post cited Robins (was it by...2015?), ...along w. the above referred Buxton-Hayes. (Mentioned as the books of some meaningful realities for to take in these considerations too – Even if not to so direct relating on futuristics. However, any manner you look at that, the Climate from obviously does.) ...Plus also paged a few more 'techs-futuristic' 'pathos et ethos' about - fx read/glanced on the AI's future that Tegmark (, of some 'recent years'.) ...And, of course also that book by Colvile (The 'Great Acceleration', 2016), on which we to earlier post referred.

And besides, all the lot from it– to a bit at least – gave me an impression that to much of these sort modern 'scifistic utopias' (...if you allow that term), it nowadays seem taken for 'assured' that ever stronger defragmentation at society is to continue. Largest role in the changes seen, on said developments, to the technologically ever 'superior systems' from replacing 'anything else'. I don't think I'd see that for depicted view very preferable, nor anything to it quite that unavoidable – I'm a living proof about myself - But can at least offer few 'subordinate words' to that (aspect). Some related on what would now be the apparent 'sidelines' to an idea of a society where the 'tech generates tech'. And what seems to it's apparent main (social!) costs, then. ; One then fx notices indeed, acc some these futuristics 'scenarios' outlined, the companies and monolithic firms won't seem even necessarily want the jobs either, anymore. The 'envisions' about and some given on that “future” contain, fx, more robots for the production lines, self-driving systems, automated 'droidmaids' and other servants, as the more favored choices in compared to any payable employees. ; Fx, Susskind to his futuro-political 'outlinings' seemed for quite confirmed about an increased developing technologisation, of what some now already being seen, to influence the peoples lifes for the increasing. During a few oncoming decades.  
But like we noted, that 'just one part to that coin.' - So, the rest to this then is more concerned on the armaments and some ways these 'techs' for the projected (soon) futures seem said of to posses every capacity from still increase an inequality. (Or, how the preparement to the more uncertain climatic futures, w. such things developed, seeks from to increase that (global) inequality. Which seems, actually quite assumable, as the main sufferers and victims of w. that past (war-) 'market' been: the poor.) 

[Addit, 12.05 :] ;  Btw,  w. this mentioned 'neglect' - or, how there is always the usual emphasize on techs envisioned capacity, (how) it is for 'standardly' taken all so sure the techs - and 'alike' - to continue serve, become for built (, and planned) into serve the 'future dreamings', any imagined needs  by the rich (..."of the world") - In short, on my own negative distrust towards "all that", I don't mean that I wouldn't fx think the 'techs' nowadays for some to most decisive causes, factor to the majority present seen, ongoin' changes. At the peoples lives, in general and overall. ; Susskind (2018), fx, to just one place (from mention), describes the aspect from followingly: 
 "...When I refer to AI here, I am describing systems that can perform tasks that in the past were believed to require the cognitive and creative processes of human beings. Progress hasn't always been so smooth but today it is impressive and gathering in speed. ...
Ominuously, engineers have even built an AI system capable of writing entire speeches in support of a specified political party. It's bad enough that politicians frequently sound like soulless robots; now we have soulless robots that sound like politicians." (; p. 31) - Indeed, sounds that also, sort for, just another argument behalf any 'vote from no confidence'. Or, the technological change from compromising any (present) political trustability (If you still believed any from remained, to still exist.) - Yet, as the main p-o-w was on the capacity for (that 'techs') of to still further bring about this continued change at people's 'everyday lifes', a few lines of what Colvile (The Great acceleration; 2016; p. 13, 14-5.) writes to some 'introductions' at his book, seem on this place quite useful to cite:
 "It's not just the raw computing power. ... [Kurzweil] has shown that computing power, data transmission, memory storage - pretty much any technologic metric - is subject to what he calls the 'law of accelerating returns', under which growth is not linear, but exponential. [...] ...after another 20 year's of Moore Law the processing power available to us all will be a million times greater. Sooner than we realize, we will all have access to practically infite data, and practically infinite processing power, at practically infinite speeds.
  The availability of all this ever more powerful hardware is one of the most important forces behind the acceleration of society. And the possibilities it offers are dizzying. Within five or six years, Intel plans to shrink its fastest processors from 13 nanometers down to 5, a scale so tiny that quantum physics - notably, our inability to pin down both the exact state and the position of subatomic particles - starts to become an actual design factor. Beyond that lies the point where you can construct processors - or anything else - molecule by molecule. That has the potential to revolutionize...everything..., via the construction of nanotech devices and materials."

; ...In combined, anything of those 'advances' from projected seems already rather more for the unavoidable than something which could be from stopped. (...One fx thinks about the decisive, probably most part negative changes, any some these 'inventions' - like the further creations on nano-techs, microbiology w. it's vast advances - have for the said changes on the everyday livinghoods, any futures to be seen. Not just of the humanity's concerns, nor just of the political intrustability and those even more 'soulless' creations cons anything imaginable at military technologies, shortly from, on the followd - But of a global environments in concerning, esp.) ; Yet, I'm of course quite less assured any from these 'advances', how benefitting them actually from be to the 'global' humanity...As anything from the past record seemed merely tell a different sort tales; The plunder, the stealth(s), an exhaustive uses from the natural 'resource'. But the accelerated change a some fact that can not be omitted,  to any prospects. 
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“Pretty soon, drones could also end up killing autonomously, without any sort of direct human input. ...Human traits such as common sense and compassion, all too absent from wars as it is, could become nonexistent in 21^st-century conflicts. ...

Whether machines can ever be 'more humane' than the humans that program them is a dubious notion. While human beings do indeed commit atrocities when caught up in the heat of war they sometimes also empathize with the supposed enemy. A World War study by US Army Brigadier General...interviewing thousands of soldiers found that the majority of troops refused to fire their weapons at other human beings. S.L.A. Marshall's methodology has been critiziced, but his findings have been corroborated by many other studies. Indeed, data indicate that soldiers throughout military history have demonstrated a strong resistance to killing other people. Drones, one can safely assume, would not be so resistant.” (Benjamin),Drone Warfare (;p. 162, -3, -4)

Book cover (Verso; 2013 ed.)

; '...possibilities posed by this insane proliferation.' ; Or, '...One of the greatest travesties of justice in our age...' Unavoidable to notice, just on basis of the preceded much enthusiastic 'presented' stories to/'behalf' that 'post-after' humanisms, the militaristic uses are one of the most fearful scenarios being projected. Also, Benjamin's description seem give a good overall idea 'about' what such could 'lead to'.

...But I neither make not any predictions. (Not having any too much familiarity to much on what in the following relates to.) ; A shorter look on what the quite 'recent' seem for the more discussed, that 'the rise of the robot warfare' can perhaps give a better idea, about. On that few years past (already half-decade ago) published book on a development from aerial drones also is, fx, these following remarks on 'automatised', tech-piloted aerial drones;

“But there's a problem: the technology might not be all it is cracked up to. ...December 2010 tests of the Gorgon State technology; which was to have already have been deployed on the battlefield in Afghanistan by that point, found it to be 'not operationally effective' nor 'operationally suitable'.

You don't have to be military expert to know that is bad. ...”

; “...Separately, the British government, along with the private firm BAE systems, is development the Mantis, a drone that flies autonomously (without a remote pilot) according to a pre-programmed flight. The Brits are also entering into a joint venture UAV project with France.“

; “...late 2011, even that tacit consent was withdrawn after a NATO airstrike mistakenly killed twenty-four Pakistani soldiers.” (Drone Warfare ; p. 48-9; 51; 142 )

...Of the estimate from numerous (hundreds the least) drone attacks carried by US military force to 'its war fronts' (in fact, the testing grounds in needs by it's own weaponry businesses), only a limited number autopilots were found for 'gotten of the control'. But then one is of course soon for recognize that everything military offers for it's own estimate, always is downscaled to the more 'favorable' sort. (Which of course shatters that illusion from.) Luckily, you might think, the self-destruction systems might be easily built-in necessity for those aerial drones – But then you notice, in that process of a market competition and maximised profits the companies more rarely tend pay an attention on such aspects. ; And, anycase, the more later developments on the 'business' from drone warfares seem the technology for spread and acquired already by various countries. (On the more lately newssings seem wrote that chinese 'copy-cat drones' of having displaced some more expensive ones on that formerly US dominated market - much in 'resemblant' for fx what tends take places on home electronics and alike markets. It almost sounds like to exist as an actual 'competitive' market in the world economics. 'Naturally' the most part important from 'world trade', that from the (global) war economics... ; ...So, you actually recognize that realistically thought there ain't any 'safe heavens' on an increase of that sort aerial 'automated' pilots and technologies. – Just by any accident then, from 'numeorous' in the air, a misguided one, some out of control, could as easily drop on anyones very homeyard. Then you'd hope it wasn't – by any accident – equipped w. some Hellfire missiles too. (Anycase, there's no trusting for the techs, no matter how advanced sophisticated. Even less for the peoples sense of reality, if willing for to manufacture – and profit – on such sort killing technologies.)

Yet, one can't either avoid for think that present 'drones' to represent just one field of “defense” (in fact, murder) 'war-systems', where the high-tech advanced 'artificial intelligence' seems already been for developed. (Or, from purposely meant have uses.) 
 

Apart from what to the most obvious, there's probably variety scenarios that soon come for mind. ...From that to the most obvious; We can then live in hope them shouldn't appear to blind enough – unfortunately the militarists usually appear very careless - of programming the launching codes in 'deliberation' by any machine, in means from the prepare for 'improved' reaction-capacity to the an emergency from the 'first strike'-situation. Cons that the old 1980s movie 'War Games' ain't from so 'far out' a thought, after all. (Even if we'd now appear a little for...Writing any bad 'prophesy' on the wall. Meant for raise any alarms for, not to arise any fears from. Otherways I'd remained silent about, you maybe recognize...)

...In relating for those (aspects): Read, some time ago, of that Abbey's Desert Solitaire that in 20^th century peoples life expectancy, in contrast to a far more common claim it for had continuous enlenghtened by the 1900s at 'developed countries' – To had actually diminished during the said century. All the way for about 15 min, the time it was there from said an intercontinental missile from take cross an Atlantic seaboard. (But that was by the 1960s, might well be for the present days calculated to even less.) Indeed smght to think about.

Also, like Benjamin on that book of hers to many occasion remarking from how vulnerable to any mistakes the techs actually are. (And also from disproving that usual government lie about how the 'drones' would permit the a better 'precisioning', from hitting just their “targets”. – But numerous civilian victims on those wars proves the complete opposite. (; Fx; “The Palestinian Center for Human Rights reported that missiles fired by the drones have led to 825 deaths, with a large percentage of those killed being civilians who perished because they were mistakenly targeted or because of the shower of shrapnel from the strikes themselves.” ; p 124.) – ...Besides it was on the several occasion emphasized at the book from the fear and threat that all such sudden drone 'attacks' were causing where them were used by time (such as, fx, at the Pakistan or Yemen). (Of course, lot part of it just goes to the typical militarist conceal and denial – Any war machine, when 'unleashed', also sooner or later emerges to actually target the civilians, whether or not from originally 'created' so. That so, 'cause according the 'logic' of any suppressive wars, it often believed an effective way of breaking the general resistance. ; However, numerous cases about just US's several (in fact, 'countless') foreign wars have had proved – in reality the consequences just for an opposite (The resistance more usual only tends for enstrenghten the more there any caused civilian casualty.) That sense, in a bit wider context, the closer comparison from this 'silent' (or merely, silenced) warfare having not so much nearness to the war "fronts". Merely that drone “war” finds it's awkward 'parallels' in the methods by, fx, Gestapo, or for having it's similarities to the 'death squads'. Or, many massacre(s) in the war histories. IOW, not ever representing just 'attacks' but plain terror tactics. ; ...The US neglect for any international law, jurisdifications would appear yet another aspect on/at that. – But suppose we've remarked from adequate of, already.

; The consequences by an artificialised reality, on the distorting and falsifying the matters about war wouldn't make the less recognizable on that. Would the machine even make some difference between a civilian and 'combatant' victims, if 'authorized' for supervise fx smght like the 'drone attack' ? - In short, I know not to mention some better examples, of these very medialised lies than what is then noted about that increased popularisation and 'vidiotism' - as for some manners to hide and 'compromise' any realitets of those described drone-attacks (The followed from the pages 157-8): “...US government and mass media...has systematically deprived the US public of images or war wounded and dead that would evoke feelings of empathy. ...

[...]

Today, rather than exposing the public to the horrors of war, drones make war look fun - at least for those firing the missiles. ...video clips...Iraq and Afghanistan, much of it captured by drones, which are themselves flown using a controller modeled after the PlayStation.

The Defense Department itself began putting up mission clips on YouTube as a way of promoting drones domestically and intimidating the enemy. The ability to download videos of combat footage to home computers and iPhones turns war into a form on entertainment. Soldiers call these clips 'war porn' and they have been a smash hit, with well over ten million views.“

...Indeed. (I can well imagine there were even 'mass-users', in a manner like that there is for an online-porn, and fx for from net-poker. And other gamblings.) What an abasement – If you think that for any sign of a humanity's present state from being. A 'new level' to the consumed violence, warfare, reality 'games'. Or, of those War games.

-------

; ...A newssing, seen the day some years ago, of a Putin 'announcing' that the future from belonging 'to an artificial intelligence', and, of the Russia gotten on the race for inventing an AI - doesn't all so much from comfort. (The article we even find w. a such awkward naming as; 'Who ever leads in AI will rule the world.'; 1.9.2017. Perhaps it then means just that.) ; ...But there indeed then seems to be the closer resemblance, in AI, to just how the nuclear arms race by it's origin emerged and got 'out of hold' in 'no time.' ; Noticeably, there seems also some 'similarities' at the psychological oppression, and other burdens, those mass destruction weapons came to represent for humanity. (Or at least a p-o-w, from that 'comparable' past – that around by the 1952(?) Stalin also already had an atomic bomb. A few years more went by, and then the world already was from 'lulled' in a certain ways rather similar 'false security' about. The West and Eastern 'blocks' from confronting their opposing regimes' for the enemies, 'beyond any limit'. Even as the 'drones' may be generated to sort 'battle', supervision-, spying- (, and to even more filthier systems, to the assassination-) weapons, the underlying purpose is just the same: Supression of the peoples.

; However, now it's better move to the other topics – Unless I might gotten on write to an articles length about this, too. Can't perhaps better abbreviate thpse various details only referred on this than w. what quoted on begins for our 'impressions' about - That “Consider Somalia...”

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(that) Heaven is a place...of the birds? ; Mostly any ('very') tech-enthusiasted futuristics tend often paint – perhaps not quite so 'rosy' as often in the some 'scifi' to decades before, but - near so 'humanless' view on what will to some decades soon been seen. (Preferably often also of not to any quite nearest timing, but “after tomorrows”, always a few decades apart.) 
 

Despite that, also is so that the “regular people” from more rarely tend receive anything but the usual costs for any such 'rosy envisions', to that 'sort' futurisms – Which, fx, are then said estimable to realize in form from losses of their jobs, the 'scanning' camera-views in the 'minidrones' (some developed to better supervisory systems, control), and then of course all that governmental and private money for 'shoveled' to the war industries bottomless pockets - W. the arguments about some 'first line of development', the need for to 'protecting us' (Or you, 'the citizens',...all those from tax-paying, governed, the 'ruled' masses.) ; Or think from the reason why, by yourself, in case this explanation didn't felt from convincing enough.

; Pic - beside - from 'Annette' (story by-72)

...But, 'guess it still also bears worth from us have a few words more on the most recognizable characteristics to that. (Meaning 'A.I.') ...As there now being also more 'push' towards any those 'technovisions' than 'ever before.' Also, including some/many peaceful uses – some likely to be seen, cons the society's (near) futures.  Thought that maybe then would to deserve a few more my these 'pessimistic' estimates. (Since any optimism on futuristics is...often misplaced 'naivete'.)

The automatons here, automatons and robots for there. Part from that already was becoming 'an everyday reality' – 'cashiers' on shops, mini-comps in the hands by the consumers. (The 'next step', they sometimes say to the complete 'living space' for becoming even more automated and networked. “Flooded” w. all that – Even despite from the consumers already from gotten bored to the constant advertise and 'pixel-bombardtment'. - And doesn't that look from so humorless a tomorrow!) ; Yet, I think people still decide 'bout how far anything like is permitted go. ...One actually thinks it to the simplest (defensible) reaction for any such developments to/from man-handling any such automated machines, if anyone by some means would/could. From fx the rioters of becoming obliged for face some to that 'sort' automatons. Or, by peoples generally, simply from their purest inborn contempt most do feel against any 'machines'. (Any to some 'Robocops', in particular...One of course then might well get from prosecuted of the caused damage to “our” common 'property'.) ; Plus, then to this must ad the remark that equipments for sometime planned/described to 'tomorrows' counter-rioting “police droids” seem then also, fx, imagined possible to contain some paralysing systems or other  ways from the 'minimal' use of force in the rioters stopping. (The level 'up', once gotten on any possible uses, that then obviously, easily could lead those become 'equipped' w. an actual bullets.) Anyone of course wouldn't want see anything like for developed – Orwellian-horrifying scifistic sounding enough. – Anything like, even only an existence to some internal armed forces, human or 'non-human' typically also greatly enfastens any society's fall to the actual paralysis. 

 ; Not sure from how realistic any of this kind would seem to. But certainly in the world regimes and places where something to the imaginable. (The main line-of-argument on this, still, only on that the most people actually don't like machines. Their presence as any sort 'pacifiers' is only more likely to arise the greater resistance against. The most natural and self-evident reactions for, btw...) ; And...but let us not go for any more 'futuristic, imaginable' scenarios about these views. Quite enough from it, elseways, elsewhere too.

; Also, consequently thinkin', all the aforesaid 'bout that “A.I:” still also not for just a technical combine to the future's developments or 'scenarios' to, but as well appears to play a social threat. Would all this artificialize then really in 'no time' start become from affect for the humanity itself, as much, and that way also to our manner from treat the other species too ? Don't know for sure, but I'm not strictly pessimistic to that – At least for compared to the present level neglect on anything that, seems that actually almost just as a one step forward. (In what already there were far too many steps 'gone wrong'.)

But let us just stop here from these 'projections'. (Many organisations and people also are noted from made the requests behalf the banning from such developed. With the good reasons or 'evidence' solely from basis what was noted as examples on what already seem seen from, appears logical to estimate only basis those 21^st century executed drone attacks. ) ; Let us also not let anything at that (those 'envisions') of to blindfold oneself on any that sort 'grand view'. “The tech” lies as much as the humans do. And that means, a lot. After all that's also part of the costs for it becoming 'more human'. We're not machines, never will be. (Any manner that would all too hard bargain to pay, besides, I think.)

And the question about whether/could a machine then become to more human is even less interesting, maybe? It quite obviously can't. Any replica is always to remain - a replica. Even so, from being a human - I'm eager to make some reservance: In a few centuries 'it' could develop to make any try for that. Seems it not either from very expectable, though'. Not actually even too likely – And therefore, also thinkin' that the inborn contempt the most people would still feel against any thinkin machines, no matter how 'serving', seems for our best 'precaution' on this present day. ; ...Some/often noted explanation on these future 'cyborgian problematics' being that maybe 'the machine' happens just neglects us, and then continues to improving it's qualities – Onwards, from where the humanity left it. If that would be, imaginable - such as it is, purely imaginations - I still think it actually more preferable than an all too anthrocentric idea about us (humans) of slowly, but surely, transforming ourselves to ever more artificial in form w. the 'tech-aids' and 'repairments'. All that too sounds all too 'godly fusions' to me. Let us remain what we are.

(; By the way, nowadays genetics, not discussed on these views, is even more filled w. such future projections. I wrote some years ago that maybe around 2050s to -60s there may even start be human 'spare parts' - limbs, fingers, and 'sorts of' – from available and possible surgically transplanted. Lookin' the latest 'inventions', the years I figured could've appeared bit too late from timing, actually...)

Anycase, at present we're not having from in excess of a time to 'circulate' more around these hypothetic envisions. In this world. The only one anyone should need. [; W.-G.]

; Pic (below) - from 'Baba Yaga ' (Crepax's) story, -71. : All plant Photos, from the writers.

 

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And the rest from this 'Sequel' - The actual Book Recom(s) for this
, shall appear...Soon.
(But better perhaps if we for now say...ASAP.)
Until that..Buzy. 


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