MSW Book Recommendation #49 ; Now we're burnin' baby (and now we don't).

,Or, '...already in the pipeline' and 'loadin the dice'

”... After a while I could distinguish the principal geographical aspects in the growing disk,--the snowy patch at the North Pole, the outlines of Europe and Asia, the North Sea, the Atlantic, the Mediterranean. The more steadily I fixed my gaze, the better I could see. Details became more and more perceptible, as if I were gradually changing the lenses of a microscope. I recognized the geographical form of France; but our beautiful country appeared to be entirely green, -- from the Rhine to the Ocean, from the Channel to the Mediterranean, as if it were covered with one immense forest. I succeeded, however, better and better in distinguishing the slightest details, for the Alps, the Pyrenees, the Rhine, the Rhone, the Loire, were easily found.

'Pay great attention,' murmured my companion. …”   

; Camille Flammarion (1842-1925); Uranie, novel, p.1887, on part I.5.

; “... That, in a nutshell, is the argument for climate debt. The developing world had always had plenty of reasons to be pissed off with their northern neighbors, with our tendency to overthrow their governments, invade their countires and pillage their natural resources. But never before has there been an issue so politically inflammatory as the refusal of people living in the rich world to make even small sacrifices to avert a potential catastrophe. In Bangladesh, the Maldives, Bolivia the Arctic, our climate pollution is directly responsible for destroying entire ways of life – and we keep doing it.” 

; Naomi Klein, on 'Climate Rage' (article, 2009) – Global Warming Reader. A century of writing about climate change. 2011. (ed. McKibben.)

; “Trade liberalisation has played very badly in African countries where the policy has forced them to throw their doors wide open. First of all, governments placed emphasis on export crops. […] Those subsidies [Agricultural subsidies] across Europe, Japan and North America, expose the unfair standards foisted on Africa by the North. It is estimated that such subsidies to farmers amount to almost a billion dollars per day – more than the GDP of sub-Saharan Africa. Subsidies also reveal inequities within the North itself, because it is big agribusiness that enjoys the huge subsidies rather than the smallholder farmers in Europe or North America. […] It may be surprise to learn that the smallest 60 per cent of European farms receive only 10 per cent of the subsidies available in Europe, while the top 2 per cent receive nearly 25 per cent of the subsidies. The ratios are even starker in the US, where 60 per cent of the farmers receive no subsidies at all. Contrast this with the fact that in the last decade big agribusiness – those who make up the 10 per cent and are also the richest – cornered a healthy 72 per cent of government support.

We see the perversity in advise given to African governments, which urges them not to subsidise the agricultural sector, when we consider that this is the sector that provides the bulk of employment on the continent and directly places food on the tables of the majority of the people. Place this reality side by side with the situation in the North where only a tiny fraction of the population is involved in agriculture.... The conditions set by the IMF and the World Bank were bound to cause more problems than the ones they were supposedly set to solve. Cuts in public expenditure meant that social programmes were the first to be hit. Education, healthcare and housing readily received the hammer while spending on the military and police was typically raised to keep the unruly masses quiet.

The introduction of trade liberalisation meant the dumping of cheap agricultural and industrial products on the continent thereby undermining local production. Such imports included rice, wheat, milk, chicken and even maize. The immediate outcomes included the collapse of agriculture as well as fledgling industrial sectors.” ; (Bassey), of To Cook a Continent... (;p. 59-60, 61-2, 63-4. cited paragraphs, this and followingly, accessed via Google Books.)

; [ Recommendations II / 2016.]

[ ; ...Series of view-points on Commonwealth ; pt VIII].

Recoms:

To Cook a Continent: Destructive extraction and the Climate Crisis in Africa.

(By Nnimmo Bassey ; 297 p. on transl)

Capitalism. A Ghost Story.

(By Arundhati Roy ; Verso Books, 125 p.)

; Can't say I'd very concerned followed much of these global developments, of lately. ..So, this contrentrated on a few topics by a range from very varied aspects, most perhaps quite selectively chosen of the climate view-point and issues that (could) relate on the recoms presented. ; Would've probably been simpler limit my any observations to these recommended books, solely. Yet, I at begins outlined this to combine such 'universal' topics as the (global) agriculture, the unbalanced World trade, the climates. It then soon started evoke in mind and concern a various other topic, incl. (fx) few my own impressions from seen changes at our local climate. …So, this mainly now addresses on all those said topics, limitedly and lacking, no doubt.

; ...Guess it so, that if I at begins express my usual say on/about the consumerist wasteful lifestyles, it'll probably not make this anyhow more meaningful look on that. (I mean, after all - or, at least one easily has the impression – the climate choices, by the regular people(s), never seems from appeared/be too much a question from what the people should do by themselves, but what the regulations and policies established (on them) might be to most necessity. And, simultaneously perhaps as much on what would appear least displeasing from their finding, when others setting some.). Generally what the behaviours them would be expected and seen of committedly to maintain.

On the other hand, this whole climatic issue also soon starts, of the closer look, sort from, look (lot) like large paradox. (Having evolved, first slowly, alongside the consumerist behaviours and practices maintained, without or just due because from any supervision of their environmental foothold/carbon foothprint – neither cons. the profiting industries and from any singular consumer - and while still ever more time having passed, ever more out of hands.) ; Yet, both sides to that from the same coin, the problem at recognization of the actual issue (climate change, fx) and of the urgent need from any adaptation by the peoples, economies and any solutions to.

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; Anyway, of lately having read that book by Kozloff - on a post few weeks prior referred – I noted there uses from these terms; 'Global North' and the 'Global South'. More preferable to use nowadays than perhaps the old division btw 'the developed' and 'the developing' nations, supposedly. ...Guess I'll then start favoring the said terms here instead, now on. ; Of course, one could possibly lot argue against that division too, the terms on some level actually masking smthg from the long histories preceded, the actual reasons and origins having lead to the said present global divide, the 'rich' and the 'less rich' countries. Makes (these) terms somewhat obscure? Well, not that I'd consider it for any matter to this...At least if our days (here) at MSW aren't the most progressive, they're certainly odd. 

; ...Since this text was meant, by the earliest instance, mainly concentrated on the views from the (global-) agriculture and the World trade, the main p-o-w's noted (of the book's recommended) mostly by some selected passages, from some that seemed most apparent of to notice from these viewpoints. For example, acc. Bassey; 

 “Africa loses a minimum of 148$bn each year, four times the amount brought into the continent through foreign aid, and 60 per cent of this is attributed to capital flight due to corporate mispricing of resources extracted from the continent. The obvious solution to this drain of resources is to plug the hole, but the preferred means of tackling the problem has been the provision of more loans and grants accompanied by conditionalities that undermine development.”(; p. 35.)

(Suppose I need not accompany this with any further remark, or by elsemuch else viewpoints.)

; ...Yet, the words such as'...conditionalities that undermine development' at first bring to the mind the bad reputed (former) structural adjustment programs, some conditions set for the poorer countries to bear by the IMF and World Bank, esp. popularized and on uses during/btw the 1980s-90s. By these times that a preceded history, or the whole topic from that, some prerequisitives set on any developmental debts and loans, merely by now must've sank under more the lately emerged discussions of the deteriorated climates. (Some such as the climate debt, on above referred.) 

 

; Pic beside right: Caricature/famous drawing by James Gilray ; y. 1805, Plum Pudding in Danger, (...where Napoleon and William Pitt are dividing the World.)

; Anyhow, of briefly viewed, on the book seems noted how efforts to adjust and guide any developing country's economics were set to serve the demands by that ruthless extraction and also set serve the consumption on evermore greedier global market. On the African continent (most discussed on it), operations having consisted from fx the uncontrolled mining of valued minerals, the resources and materials acquired with a little, or without an environmental or social concern. And then is fx the notorious oil-extraction. (...From oils esp., is in the book listed the industry's long histories tied w. continued violence, often accompanied drilling and acquisition of oil, at many a developing or poorer country. Human rights issues et sim, as well.) - The spoiled environments, neglected human sufferings, some very usual characteristics of it, often...(You see, of personal opinion, I've for sometime considered it quite so distorted a market and just felt certain principal distaste towards that, the global lie in short. And anyone little bothering of consider that by oneself quite soon can recognize these aspect. While waiting the time, I've considered it possible for me at least from spend as little as possible to gasoline and never felt unsatisfied on that decision, of driving as little as possible.)

(I'm not sure if there's a country in the world that would've dared, or had found ways from to make any itself actually complete freed of oil-economics, once and for all. Would also still by now appear by that level quite difficult to realize, in practice. …But also assuming there having emerged most meaningful developments, and at anyplace the peoples by personal level, or communal from more concerned, may be finding alternatives to disconnect their any dependencies of that, the whole of that fossil energies, in overall.

; ...Then there is fx lot, in the book discussed, about irrelegularities and uncivilian practices, maintained by some African governance, often when committed on those biased systems, the industries and practices enrichin some, depriving the many (Of briefly said.) ; Guess the book by now having established it's populace, or been somewhat widely read. So my attentions here, mainly on the (few) aspects I felt most apparent to the reader's concerns. ...Of due the climate concerns, at this most focused on, the following presented (even that there might've been some other aspects referred by),  few paragraph:

” There is no argument that with the exception of a few pockets – the Niger Delta's gas flaring by oil companies, South Africa's Eskom coal-fired electricity generators and Sasol's oil-from-coal/gas plants – Africa plays a very minor role in emissions of carbon. These pockets aside, the continent's past economic activity did not make any significant contribution to the accumulated global stock of carbon. The main way CO2 emissions were generated was through the extremely biased use of coal-based electricity, which was primarily directed towards mineral and cash-crop extraction, processing and transport.

As a result, whereas in other regions the key issues concern how to reduce carbon emissions, in most Africa they concern the adaptation of production and human survival to a deteriorating ecology. This survival should logically include a higher amount of emissions, as people switch from fuelwood to electricity so as to adapt to the United Nations prediction that nine out of ten peasants will not be able to grow food by 2100. In addition, while the main adverse consequences of global warming in other regions may occur in the future, the consequences are already apparent in Africa. So adaptation is a crucial process , which our vision of climate justice should inform. “ (Bassey, p. 102.)

 

; ...On developmental help there also (at some place) remarked:

”In 2004 huge 40 per cent from the developmental help offered to Africa sank to the fees of the international consultants.” (Makes you think and wonder, indeed...)

; ...Somewhat conclusively, I actually recall of to have read quite somewhat lot from those things at various sources by the late 1990s (Than now from Bassey). ...Actually it was most usual aspect to turn up on fx some books I paged from the time, around millenium (the 2000s, not by the last ice age's ending...) ...With some 'flow' of a popular writing on then actuel social-economic issues, ie about what was seen for blessings and curses of then a novelty phenomena, globalization. Nowadays one often has the impression from it, by that period more often used for some explanatory term (or seen as self-evident 'stamp') on anything...Anyhow, not all of that social and cultural 'theoretism' wasn't uncritical or too simplifying, often from the contrary. (...It of course quite irrelevant now from to contemplate, considering us well past the era and living this so called “post-environmental” age. Another popular term, not by my own formulations either. ...Bassey's descriptions being of course lot more plain spoken text, if compared for texts that I recall from had read by that time.)

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; ...Likewise than of the preceded, on Roy's book I considered offer only some comment on a few paragraphs. Mainly so, since it of a more varied scope of things (consisting from separate articles), and the book generally devoted (or focuses at) mostly on Indian internal policies/politics, by the time. So my remarks too quite selective and brief. (Besides one who'd more intense followed these aspect, should principally also follow/read of the comparable many countries, while often the writers being probably bit less renown. Then nowadays most anything is also available on via netsites and informative web-journals (while I'm not following too much of anything like. From the view-points provided, they're often more limited; i-o-w the singular aspects more difficult relate for anything else.) But some available for and from almost any country of the world by now.

The book comprises of separate articles, which originally published at journals. (Them available via net too. Apparently timed on the late Bushian-era and for the consecutive years, ca to years prior/after the 2010, or about... ; Topics include some like, fx, the media-/communication's concentration, the increase from the government militarism, plus also the other topics, fx break-through of the market-capitalism w. all it's side-consequences, some on then present situation, some containing the more historical perspective too – fx contained topics also such as the nourishing debts set on peasants (the unbearable debts, insufferable) ; the poorer masses by first absorbed for emergent cities, consequently after turned away ; the Rockefeller foundation from it's more light-shun histories, ...ao. (There also is fx that perhaps more renown book from Roy, The field Notes on Democracy, of about the same period, also somewhat more grimmer a view.) ; ...In short, the views and aspects one's not necessary too well informed, unless takes care to find out by oneself. Some of those aspects also might feel hold quite certain resemblance to many other tropical country. Fx, the constructions from the most sophisticated and luxurious paradise lands and palaces, nearby or next to any guarded sectors from local districts. Sometimes places one would not think for reality, unless from seen similar to exists. 

; ...Of living at these 'thinly' populated northern corners, aspects one lot less often also happens to notice – or, smght I myself notice only rarely to have thought - is that at the 'equatorial belt' there are great land areas and far more people you'd at first conception happen recognize. (Fx, on my recent readings was somewhat surprised for find that in the Nigeria – quite large a land, about half the Europe's in land area - there being a population from some 200 million people. Of course, on India (fx), there's even more, something like 1 mrd. And that's just a few countries consisting.) Then there's of course various types of countries in the World, all by their own type from and of the particular cultural divisions, peoples, problems, cultures (, and from the natures part, various places too).

; One could of course read some resembling views on this era beyond the rises of global trade liberalism. Fx, acc. Naomi Klein's Rise of the Disaster Capitalism (p. 2007; at this blog recom. #8) described how some of these now most criticized systems (fx the said conditioned 'development loans'), severely did affect/undermined economies by many poorer countries during/on that 1990s, while been from earliest introduced of the year 1983 onwards. (...She discusses at it fx the 1980s Bolivia and 1990s Argentina as some countries for early examples. Of course it too not possible to us here grasp that but from a mention.)

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Climate ; ...Even if it not any particular concerns of this momentum, exact now or by the time this written; While devoted on these stories by our own, the 'latest' climate news informed or presented for us, seemed fx offer these few newbies; (...I only picked some stories, makes it apparently no use by us too overwhelmingly gather any links...to this. So, fx, ...and on climate talks. Unless we'd then make it for a concern of our or most attentions.) Well, ...why not. (But should us even comment on smght actuelt, cons. the many climate-issues and histories, or of the present level considered.) Well...why? Suppose there's still whole lot more on these histories already by now, always seems be.

; And since there so much (by relative) recent knowledge emerged to these climatic issues, (likely lot), I only thought it interesting speculate from a few paragraphs the future European weathers, at this.  (So selected this 'scenario' sort for some startin' point, from it's likehoods and possibilites.)

 

; Chart, of Maslin: Climate Change. A very short introduction. 2014 ed. (Eco climate, p. 81)

(The pic txt on that; “Comparison of the 2003 heatwave and the past and future summer temperatures.“)

...Guess I'd merely consider this for some sort worst case scenario, from most likehood. Seems it contain the estimates on future temperatures, the usual where  emissions raise on a continuous, constant and steadily rate. (Like still by recent look, or at least last time viewed, seems was the situation, btw.) ; ...Put on basics, acc. that, therefore, the Northern global climate, by any average decade of that period, ca near to the 2050s, would seem possible (ie predicted, much of a possibility by the current emission-rate, seems it from say), to behold from rough estimate, and by then to the norm), approximately a couple heat-waves per any decades followed. Still as confused on that as I felt? Presently more recent climates seem contained more varied Summer seasons, at least here, but the more regular extreme summer seasons, resembling to the 2003- and 2010-'extremes', are by that estimate to appear (w. any limited variation) some normative during any decades on that period of time. (Picked the assumption from this couple 'extreme Summers' by decade for this estimate by my own...'to the norm', but somewhat felt it would fit on this.) And, can as well be reminded, acc the given diagram this established from. that would probably appear be rather cautious an estimate. ...Somewhat also made me of recall of what I recent also read, namely the remark about how younger people often appear more concerned from warming, as they can expect from being still alive during those periods (when warming estimated more advanced) unlike us older folk... 

; But what makes the above view look for more worrysome, is that w. the usual 'climatic jargon' those near mid-century climates seem – as often a favored expression - already 'in the pipeline' (Though it not any foreseen a reality, as that appears some necessity to remind...if predicting any future climate. Yet, apparently a possibility.)

; Anyway, to some (exact) confirmed knowledges about this, seems it that one by any assured certainty can say the continued warming on place (Slow, or rapid - dependin' of one's view-point: 'Because any actual climatic effects may be varyin' by level, even yearly a lot - So it fx possible to recognize there seems be the slower changes to one's own surroundings - while any climatic studies and estimates actually tell from it now been happening very rapidly.) ; Any notable/recognizable effects having, so far, (here) been from the most obvious divergences on winter conditions, with a (lot) milder weathers – in contrast to the fewsome preceded years winters snowfall records and colds somewhat over general average priorly. (In the same periods, the summer seasons from the increased rainfalls.) ; If I should then make any estimate on oncoming few decades sooner seen, the 2020s and 2030s – and this basically just a guess of my own – I'd estimate the followed decade perhaps would still to show slight resembling gradual warming, with the noted fluctuations of seasons, and generally more varied climatic 'shift' (during summer seasons, meaning). From the 2030s perhaps the more warm-up and larger frequency from the said extremes to periodic event. (This too a very cautious an estimate, seems it a manner not very...popular on any climatic views...by some reason.) But let's hope I'm only erred on that.

; ...Considering that this may yet need a bit more global a view from any assumed consequences (While only acc. about the 2010 findings, as these assumptions I have, likely represent), seems it noted quite possibility of the human-caused climate change now having increased the likehood, or risk from heat-waves, by at least doubling their occurrence. Yet, from how much exactly (on this Northern part of the Globe), that seems from any then established knowledge an unknown territory. ; Still it quite a possibility that such divergences from the standard (or the 'normal' on climatic conditions) to hold causes beyond their most direct impacts. So, for example, Maslin also remarks: “...the 2010 Russian heat wave led to severe droughts that reduced production so much that Russia banned its export to ensure there was enough for its own country. ...With an increasingly globalized economy very few countries are self-sufficient in basic food and hence food imports are very important.” (;p. 83-4.) 

...The followed paragraphs (on that) then go on explaining how the speculations about prices from food and oils scarcities around the mid from preceded decade, as the direct negative consequence had effect by causing inability by many people on poorer countries to afford their any basic needs. ; Maybe it then alongside that worth the mention (here) the more increased 'extremes' (dry periods, the prolonged drought conditions) also are recognized from become to more severe concern on southern/tropical regions - Where the such events also appear recognized more usual as any periodic events - ie even repeating events on any limits from 'normal' climates. Any repeated dry periods usually causin' difficulties on agriculture and reduction from any food security. (I care to go more further on that neither, yet anyone reading the established predictions by climatic science can't avoid the list of threats from most usual noted; malnutrition, droughts, the soil becoming uncultivable (and water-logging), the losses of domestic species.)

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; Yet, this plenty of the literature and estimates on climates didn't actually tell me how the projected would have the effect on my own places-of-stay. (Except that in the futures will be constantly warmer, by the average). So, this followed also relies more for my own experiences - as I have from it a bit simpler and a more practical a view to remark. ...It mainly recognized only via my few overall observations of my own local surrounding. (As the positive side, for these observances not needed any extremes or exceptional events, not any sudden changes about the climatic conditions pinpointed.) ; I mean the obvious very great differences on btw the human built environments and a more natural, forested area here, some that I've noted on my walks, during at any typical more heated Summery day. ...As it happens, I most often, if not daily, pass by the smaller woods from a (semi-)natural growths and also thereafter through some urban apartment housings and the smaller residences. The difference from pleasantness by conditions on my route often on any shiny day now feels very striking; notable on the levels from shade, moisture, enjoyability of a view – All at that 'urban woods' being in rather direct contrast to semi-opens of usual human construction and invariably established 'planted spots'. In the open of course lot more regular to notice is the heat (on any open, naturally), the dryer/dustier air, and on landscape asphalt, w. the sand and grass too, of invariably altering.

...Furthermore, and for example, it's even not solely due because in the woods there's generally lot more shade from comparison to places human built. Comes almost as much of the (many) accompanying aspect: The greater level by the moisture most obviously, but then also affects that the minor vegetation, effectively condensing and smoothin' the topmost extremes of that heat/the daily conditions. The humidity-level, because of the plant respiration, and even (a lot) affects also the plant's capacity to filtering minor particles from air. 
 

; Resemblingly, there's obvious differences – such as those from btw the said suburban woods and human created environment – within some places from actual woods themselves. - For example, a forest left to develop by it's own soon by time (here an approximate from 20 to 50 years, with the reservation of there good amount larger trees at place from begins) forms a good protective shading cover on all of it's height-levels: Near the ground-level, in the middle-, and then are topmost level trees reaching up the sky. ; The resultant environment depends of a prevailed wood types too, of course. Any typical forest from the pines, fx, can on some warmer summer day actually become more heated  compared to it's close nearby surroundings, with a more varied vegetations/areas. And comparably, fx any typical mixed growth, containing various types from broad-leaved trees and spruces, usually appears from grow on (a bit) more moisturous base/places, but it also by its own starts soon also develop (partly for) that direction. (The mixed forest also being the most favorable from the ecologic or climatic viewpoint.)

 ; Some inner parts of a typical old-growth spruce forest even can maintain a sustained milder climate conditions past any (relative) severe seasonal dry periods, compared to it's adjacent forested areas. (...But it has to be reminded that this reference of the preceded sentences mainly for some centuries old woodlands, and a naturally developed old growths. Some that've not by any larger amounts existed since of the 150-200 years ago. While any typical maintained/established spruce forest is usually more shaded in comparison for most other types, it not nearly has fx reached any similar humidity-level. Of course, to these conditions affect other reasons too, most influentially the height by any place affecting lot to the temperature, consequently for the growth/environmental conditions established, by any place.) 

 

Also, all of it traceable for the different strategies by the trees/the 'main vegetation' adapting on the conditions from water scarcity – whether their effort is concentrated for to maximising the availability from waters, or to a sustained the growth within the conditions from even by little availability of the water.

; Any open clearance, whether from purposes of forest use, the builds and towns,

or to other means (like agriculture) at present era also increases, of its part

the more abated climate...of globally (usual recognized), but also of locally. 

 [; Pic above, from Les Domaine des Dieux, Coscinny/Uderzo]

; ...Alongside it may be notable that at the natural ('continous') forest range, the transitional zones appear most vulnerable parts at any forested area. Since the human effort increases the amount from any edge within the overall forested ranges, result is the increased vulnerability to (any) climatic effects. ; Possibly more often noticed the fact, that in the natures there actually doesn't exist any open spot, any place burnt or cleared from its main vegetation soon is filled by earliest arriving plants. (More permanent vegetation, first trees then arriving soon after.) But the obvious opposite is, likewise, even more for a truth: The more fragmented any place becomes, fx with the human built urbanisation on places/forest uses, it's 'natural capacities' also appear reduce in scale similarly. ; More plainly put, in essence, any demands about the evernew builds, roads, and very open patches, 'cause resultatively of that there will remain less too of that important plant respiration, favorable shade, the filterin' from the minor substance of the air - All mechanisms that will scale down, by their part, the disfavorable effects of the warming, at the local level (as much as globally considered, to the wider scale).

Sometimes, probably, the recognization of importance of these kind natural processes can make a large difference. Could sound somewhat self-evident, but in fact isn't. Yet mostly aspects often not paid much of attention. No human built artificial system can nearly compensate or replicate that. (Even as there now the more of a vegetated roofs, water-flowing channels, building w. the using of natural materials favored.) ; ...As there being places where people not having fx the water supplies, and not even the clean waters, anything like this of course not appears for some from the first priorities. But happens have it's importance even then.

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; ...Could have devoted somewhat more on agricultures at this, from it's global and general prospects. But let us leave that to a level from limited observances, assumed climate changes, mainly.

 

; Acc. Maslin the most effect from climate change is predicted fall on the equatorial tropical regions (...or how most climate change models uniformly predicting, it) “...is assumed that production levels in developing countries will fall to a greater degree than those in developed countries because their estimated capacity to adapt is less than that of developed countries.” (; p. 92). ; Yet, also acc Maslin on that there's not any direct analogue established (of this) as the changes are projected to be seen within some hundred a years scale, and the (direct) economic effects on the world production still presently appear quite difficult to know beforehand. Also, 'In terms of crop yield and cash equivalent' the changes (on global food market) considered are somewhat less predictable, as there being expected differences in the productivity from some products and of some others. Also, as some formerly less unsuitable areas now becoming more productive, along w. maybe more scarcity from the product, so that might affect to it's prices, accordingly. (Combined, the general demand and possible climatic conditions affectin' the cultivation, prices.) ; Makes Maslin then fx to conclude that; “Hence one major adaptation to global warming should be the broadening of the economic and agricultural base of the most threatened countries.” (; p. 93.) , ...esp. because, on that said, these one-sided world trade agreements (with the maintained EU and US subsides) appear have had, until recent present at least, greater effect to abilities of any poorer countries from feed themselves than estimated climate change effects will have.

; Also then, for a few looks I viewed, fx an article by Gelbspan ('Heat is on', from 1998, on that Global Warming Reader) , and acc. it the knowledge already then, as presented to a view from any futuristic scenarios estimated, read as followingly;

“...In the short term, it [Climate change] may indeed increase yields and growth rates of food crops in the mid-northern latitudes – to the benefit of U.S., Canadian, and Russian agriculture. But the other effects are not so positive. … enhanced CO2 would be devastating to crop growth in the poor areas of the world – the mid-tropical regions. In many of these areas, population growth is already stressing the food-growing capability of the land. Increased CO2, agricultural researchers say, will force a more rapid plant respiration. When that forcing is accompanied by slightly elevated temperatures, the plants will stop growing and their yield will dwindle. “

; ...Finally, these agricultural and social prospects viewed (of very limitedly here) thought/considered, it reminded on mind what I read at that rain forest ecology-book of -92 (Wilson, Biodiversity of Life)  Where remarked from how limited any human use take benefits on variety of available tropical plant and natural fruit. (Even that I don't suppose it perhaps could emerge for/of any miraculous importance, I yet think that any poorer country probably in the long run would probably well serve it's population's needs by the more environmental preserving agricultural methods, and of the plants cultivable by modern methods there's possibilities underused, probably too. Of importance too, logically, where the plants native to some area may be favored in production.)

; The view of course takes not into consideration any from above referred of the (global) food trade, fx. (It's biased features, prior remarked.) ...But at least it seems very recognizable notice of those over-subsized and centralized, monocultural forms in uses of production by the agricultures from this 'global North', formerly seems presented not just a factor on climatic inequality, but as well part of the cause (of the continued climate change); The massive scale practised, the wide open areas needed on production...plus the large level mechanization and expensive fuel-demanding machinery, as well aspects recognized from have had direct impact on increasing global warming, such as the biofuel production. ; ...On the other hand, or to the same view, cultivation of products such as soya, sugar canes (...to the palm oil as well) in the 'global South', having caused about similar amounts of the climate harm, while that production emerged (in scales comparable) by more recent time. Lands/forests loss to it's most obvious negative followings. 

 Then also, it seems noted of the countries at equatorial region (most at S.Americas part), having had most advances at their economic progress (and on progress to reducin' the general level from poverty), seems it also none of succeeded at that without an increased level from their emissions. ; ...And as fx acc. what cited former above (Bassey) the expected environmental (and, cultural and social) changes by this century (the general shift from fuelwood to electricity) will necessarily lessen any peasants possibilities from produce their own food (practicing the subsistence agriculture). With the modernized city-economics and in parallel the further general modernization, quite obviously lead to raised level from emissions on Africas part too. It of course also quite obvious that continent's part on very minor compared for the already realized emissions - caused by our more prosperous, more arrogant 'global Northern' economies - even with this large time-gap (these) changes assumed to happen. …Nevertheless, can' t help but wonder from how the modernization and the environmentally preserving practices would mix. (There fx being all existent differences of wealth, ao, and how them shall affect. Both between the rich and poorer countries of World, and also within any societies, the prosperous and less prosperous.)

; Agricultural aspects, of more comprehensive view – the production and the environment's prospective futures consequently, likely would demand lot more focused look. (As the agriculture noted largest singular area affectin' and changing the natural ecology, it significant factor on climates development too.) There varying accompanying aspects, not much presented/viewed on this. Also the human population question, the forestry issues, the more recent agreements, and various efforts by people already in effect as strategies for (the) climatic adaptation. Plus further there is lot else to it. The lot from cultural and social scope of to peoples lifes too. And, have to notice of not having any too extensive knowledge at the most from that. 

; 'Guess, (I think) for most noticeable/a fact about global (large-scale) agriculture, that the human efficiency improved also tends always reduce the Nature's own adaption for any climatic event, or on its larger-scale variation. Because from the real meaningful climate adaptation (strategies), not been adequately recognized so far, or priorly, and because from ecology's view-point there actually can be not any compromises (btw agricultural use and Natures capasity of adapt to climate change, or any human use of Natures resource in general) – The usual solution from more intensified production seems come on it's limits. (Seen to the predicted consequence for some time, though.) 

 

; And guess here not need from further references of that beefs and meat-sector, while it directly related on agricultures. (I think here prior often remarked from...that.)

The only long-term beneficial solutions to use being some which would maintain more ecological responsible forethought and planning.

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; ...Still a bit more observed (these climatic aspects), from suggested of carbon taxes. (Seems if was far prior before, than what I assumed, been sometimes noted to solutions to main causes of the climatic problem, emissions. The solutions for tackle it's main origin, continued growth from the CO2-emissions...As any of these adaptations or likewise recognized potential threats I've merely here referred on, are in the last instance only results of the cause, the problem not considered, use from fossil energies not limited, in time.) ; ...Along my reads, I fx noticed this sort practical choices were already expressed by Hansen at 2001 (...that warming-concerned climate scientist, already prior those times of the 'officielt denial' during that 1990s.) It meaning the statement presented early on 2000s (On article compacted of that, 'Global Warming Twenty Years Later: Tipping Points Near', read from via that 'Global warming reader'.) ; Brief put seems on that suggested carbon tax regulated for most fossil energies, on '...coal, oil and the gas...' (and, applied) 'at the first point of sale or port of entry.' ; The system based/having provided a certain standard divid-end, according to which the money collected would've been returned for the public - acc. of the (realized) use. (Short put, probably little simplified, but any person from society would've in practice economically benefited of their reduction in using any fossil-polluting energy sources. And, that favoring replacing those increasing rapid for their renewable alternatives.) As the main benefit, the '...Profligate energy users will have to pay for their excesses.' ...Seems that even I would've been motivated, guess I can't avoid from add to say. (With US average carbon footrint, it's major emission by then and now, it not too difficult see how much this would've had the obvious benefit...)

; ...Probably to the most usual arguments against, as often from taxation-systems, there might/ like arises problem from the tax evasion, perhaps. To the apparent contradiction (/what at many societies seen), there is fx the usual demands one might remember, about any privatization from former taxation-systems maintained official sectors (the social-, health-care…), due their costliness to individual tax payers – At the same time w. maintained policies of legislated tax reliefs set for to benefit those carbon pollutin' industries. (I mean, by this contradiction, the existed lack from any moral standards, on that. ...While it not necessary of my most concerns. ...As for an obvious personal solutions I've actually tend avoid having to use the car, increasingly – Did I former mention from being very happy on that decision?) ; Seems it also, in the World, there varieties and alternative solutions of the carbon taxes. (Some presented on this Wikip. link., ...but I'm not estimating their pros or cons more especially.) 

 

; By the time, some main compromising reason against taxing carbon the largest fossil-energy users energy-companies objecting the idea, so it for effective solutions seem been never realized. (So called cap-and-trade system  seem been favored as main maintained alternative. ...About from what said for some main recognized consequence, seems it noted failed to achieve any real reductions to emission-levels.) ; And so it seems that the World then was to furthermore years locked to it's projected/predicted warming futures. Klein on her more recent book (interestingly named 'The climate vs capitalism', of 2010), also seems wrote of the humanity having tried from 'jump off' from it's disastrous climate-threatening course several cases (at Kyoto, Copenhagen) – but the effort always was compromised by influence from big energy-companies. Everyone of course being quite aware of these aspects by now...but, essentially there also is the  main cause to problem: the economy/level from growth easy to rise on impediment to any actual decision made...in time. 'Aftereffects' from it left to bear by both the 'global North' and 'global South' - less advanced countries w. less solutions while probably the more severe climate-harms sooner in place. (Ao, from having had their infrastructures and social sectors only limited developed, or not from any comparable capacity.)

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So, on basis of my (no doubt), limited views seem quite confirmed the suspected: It's the rich, indeed. ...Well, I care not of relate on this that usual phrase about the rich from been remarked about climate problem, offering for their standard regular advice to (common) peoples to invest on better ventilation-systems. (From a little more paid, the heat scaled down few grades, temporarily. The lifestyles and commitments then accordingly too, or perhaps that being the main idea/the joke at that...)

; Of these observances taken (on Climate), most seem increased my own interest on adaptions and mechanism the Nature maintains and has at place, from continously. For example, there are the noted usual 'shifts' at the range by plant and animal species (often noted to factors followed as them provide information from the climates change). But I like to think, maybe only for some idealisations, such things and resembling observable aspect of Nature may also hold some deeper processes we'd need listen to...sort of. Probably my views now also relate too on that I can afford myself for thinkin' so, us having (some parts) of that important local natures still left.

; More overall, the ongoing century advancing, however, it will be the population that will decide. Ultimately, in the last instance...

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; Pics (Those not at text described.)
; of 'Attack of the Vampire Middle-age Women', 
(by Dori Seda. The Complete Dori Seda). 
; Poison Ivy. (Story by name I not recall to this.)
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