Damn it ! ; Or, Ban it...

“And thou, fine fellow, who has tasted so of the foresters greenwood game,

Will be in no haste thy time to waste In seeking more taste of the same:

Of this can I read thee and riddle thee well,

Thou hast better by far be the devil in hell, than the Sheriff of Nottingham!” ; from Maid Marian (1822) - by Thomas Love Peacock (via 'The Adventures of Robin Hood' ; Roger Lancelyn Green, p1956. ; p. 125.)

“In his environmental history of the twentieth century world, Something New Under the Sun, John R. McNeill observes that the last century was unique in the extent and intensity of changes in the natural environment, and centrality of human agency in causing those changes. He asks why this was the case, and finds a threefold answer: accelerating use of resources, especially through conversion to a fossil-fuel based energy system; very rapid population growth; and the ideological commitment of nations and corporations to military power and economic growth swelled by mass production. His analysis is convincing.” ;

Ingrid Thulin, on 'The Damned' (movie, 1969.) 

; (Below this, also see: X

)

”... [on during the 20^th cent.] Processes that were previously regarded as of 'natural' origin and beyond human influence except possibly to ameliorate their effects are now seen to have human activities involved in their causes. Some of these processes are climatic change, the chemical composition of rainfall and the atmosphere, the abundance and availability of fresh water, variations in the ozone layer and ultraviolet radiation received from the Sun, the stimulation of the earthquakes, the emergence and spread of diseases, the genetic evolution of species, and the radioactive decay of elements. This does not mean that humans have achieved their control; far from it.What it does mean is that human activities, now of unprecedented dimensions and power, have had unintended effects for good and ill upon the systems of Earth, effects that we are beginning to understand. We have found it extremely difficult to moderate the undesirable effects. We cannot yet clean up the radioactivity after an accident like Chernobyl, and the prospects of slowing global warming are truly daunting. Once we might have thought that the Earth is too vast to be changed significantly humankind; now we see that we have changed the Earth, but in the ways that may threaten us.” ; on The Environmental History of the World. Humankind's changing role in the community of Life. Book by Hughes, Donald J. Routledge 2001. (;p. 168 ; 199.)

...The deforestation I mean; ban it. Should have to made a penalized effort during this present century, the 21^st (...if the humanity were/appears to take the matter to a more concerned attitude, the decline probably should've been halted by now. If not...only worse will follow.)

; ...From the hindsight wisdom, on basis of the recent referred words by that good old Humboldt, solely, seem tell there a good plenty reasons/argments behalf that action: Changes at the precipitation/rains seasons, the enlenghtened droughs – and them usually appearing more severe on areas that lack the natural forested reserve/woods as protective measure. Plus, due because water questions appear be a more global concerns by now, and of course from due because the woods serve also on many places for a natural shelter against heavy weathers, can also prevent the soils/fertilization from being washed completely away in times from storms...ao, etc.

 ; ...Of course the problem relates to a multitude difficulties and aspects, the human cultures and peoples living environments considered. Fx, not the least is there the problem from a (prospected) increased need of a cultivable lands, at the futures (The human population increasin still, on many places). Yet, even without much diagrams and charts visited, one easily can come for a conclusion that without certain 'natural reserves' restored, the climatic problems more easilu end up boiling and spoiling... (...the original forested lands, from all of the Earth, consisted probably smght like 60 to 80 percent of all the land. Or so I only assume, didn't bother check from it to this. It seems noted that presently only some one third, at the most, survives as forests, in the natural condition or as 'economic', cultivated some.) Esp. it has some importance from the favorable living conditions/and environments propititous to human habitation considered. ; Besides, the many places where deforestation formerly the largest (meaning by that period from during the past few centuries time and even before), the climatic threats are also recognized potentially from, likely, in the future to cause most dire harms at those regions, they say. (Then on the other hand, you don't need very much intelligence to observe that during some half century most unpleasant places to live in a few decades after would be the cities - where there is least of the trees - and yet, most populated centers seems supposed to grow by the population, ao from an adjacent suburbs they seem expected to fuse to themselves.)

; ...However, at this post we weren't by main intentions to discuss (much) about the forests decline. ; And, btw, neither do I intend from claim that McNeill's analysis to be convincin'...As I've not read that. Hughes I have, however, and I did find it more than convincing, if compared to most anything (little) I've more lately read...fx about the humans and their ecological 'footprint', it's historical large impacts on the Natural environment. Or the present level of it – Said from to appear as more harmful by volume and the scope than ever before. (Guess you knew that already...) But in short, book warmly recommended, btw.

--------------------

; ...Instead, however, and in the similar manner as we've occasionally formerly represented, here are furthersome examples of my garden flowers. Mostly from self-sowed some, and/or some that I considered it possible describe shortly. Or, simple enough selections to us from make here a little compact briefings of them at our 'garden-series'. Briefly as possible, and the holiday-season approachin' (fx, here it being presently the nicest of weathers, etc.) ...so, just a few picks with a sticky toothpick in between the teeth (...and not in the cheek). An eye on their general appearance and sensitive and seductive characteristics, preferably. Accompanying it with a few ecological details, insects not forgotten or left aside from these views. And all the information offered very much only on the basis from what I might've familiarized priorly, not necessary offered by any too serious and professionalized level of knowledge...

; Sticky Catchfly (Silene viscaria) ...Longterm a favorer to this lovely flowering native plant, I intentionally acquired a singular plant of it to my garden last year. Since the Catchflies preferably grow on a very nutrient-poor soil, I discovered my particular specimen from a sandy-bank on the roadside. Actually from a place where also grew plenty other natural plants. (There were actually plentysome of the catchfly too. Even though; It probably ain't anyhow very rapid spreading, perhaps more to the contrary, they're usually found on smaller groups, here and there. I'm not sure how widepread the range there, so I actually was rather careful, only selected a single plant to my gardens and also avoided from not disturbing the surrounding plants.) Anyway, I then planted my specimen on garden and as it had flowered (long and plentyful) on June, then I even collected the seeds and threw them around on my small 'butterfly-field'...There now, resultatively, also existing a bunch of a new breed from it. (You'd possibly laugh of to see my limited dry-flower meadow, it's really very small a yard...not any meadow, or even by size makin an equal to regular small potato-field, actually. But I've considered from to enlarge the place in the spirit of a most recommendable ecologist hobbyism and from arranging this for a (little) actual flower-meadow – once I happen from acquire suitable place, of someplace.)

; One doesn't need to water Catchflies, at all. Like typical from many/most native plant, it survives practically all by it's own, if the soil meets requirements. And as I've noted, various insects visit; bumble-bees most typically, of course. But then also larger and smaller some of the hoverflies (But it actually tries fend off the smaller insects, some beetles and flies. Does so by some liquid it secrecates on it's stem. Hence it's name...'Catchfly'.) And the butterflies visit it too, of course. Some of loveliest specimen I've actually seen at the catchfly (Albeit my garden is too windy a place for them on most seasons, though.)

; According to my understanding Catchflies aren't anyhow threatened species on these northern corners of the continent. (There is fx also to lot resembling close relate of it, Alpine Catchfly (S. suecica), that grows still a bit thinner and less fertile soils. Typically over mosses at places of rocksides/hilltops, sunshiny open places.) But seems it even said that in the Northern Fennoscandia there's certain sbps of that 'Alpine-variety', (ie of the .suesica var .serpentinicola) that also seem recognized more tolerant than most plants to fx copper- and other heavy metal accumulations from mining waste; Even so that them seem said sometimes to grow on heaps of that. ; ...Would be somewhat enthrillin' to 'recover' for this a tale about stories about how rich ore for mining purposes were sometime past succesfully discovered from via the presence of those plants – Unless it also then had to be remarked from the same stone and ore industry on many places having destroyed the habitats of those nowadays rarer species (ie the .serpentinicola). Seems it so, of course, that nowadays various disadvantages and caused threat on health of the local people are more usually mentioned. Most newsed aspects being from the polluted waters, riversides, ao. ...But fx in that book by Capek (on our recoms, no 43, 'Travels to North'), I some time ago read, there was fx a detail/story about a complete fell on Lapland – a large one – having resultatively completely disappeared, resulting from it's continued mining, during the years. Landscape and fjordside views spoilt probably weren't at the time that much noted/on discussion, since it was about the early 20^th century, probably already prior the decades before that 1930s. Interesting that it was still on much of a memory by people, I recall from had read about it on elsewhere places too. ...But yet that is a little like from that Chernobyl-accident of the 1980s. Nowadays, sometimes you might begin to wonder whether people so much even recall it actually having happened - since it sort of – feels from to belong to a whole lot different era. (Ban too any search from new ores for being mined.)

; Large Pink (Dianthus Superbus) ; ...Since I've probably sometime priorly presented a picture of my D.Superbus, we're havin' here only a few words. Indeed is a very enchantin, very magnifient flowerin' plant, even among these often cultivated native Dianthus(es, in the genera from Caryophyllaceae). It's flowers are (to my finding) perhaps some of the finest in the genera (...Albeit I've not seen most, of course, esp. at the warmer regions of the world there's probably...lots.)

; ...It by outer look a little resembles that other enchantin flower that favors the moisturous spots and 'semi-flooded' fields, roadside dirches, namely the Ragged Robyn. But, not completely. Besides, while not actually being red, the D.Superbus' flowers aren't by main color neither pink. (I think) it's merely between some (mild) violet to somewhat whitish-pink. (...to be precise, perhaps the violet emerges mostly in the full florescence, and like usual pales during the longer rainy seasons, or onwards the time of blooming being over the color pales a bit.) Well, that not too important. But the fact is, if you're lookin' from somethin very pinkish you'd probably feel disappointed. ...Let us even make a (bit hilarious) comparison of it to a more usual and common meadow-variety, the D.Deltoides ('regular pink', or whatever by it's common name) - Which due because it's very strong, but simultaneusly light red colour, often was, in the past, considered for a frivolous even bit depraved flower by it's looks. But it ain't pink by the colour either...even though any particular plants can vary by that colour significantly, I've noted. Some are more deep red, and some actually closer to light pink. But none of them seems precisely pink either. (Actually I'm quite bored to some old-fashioned prejudices such as these - Of having certain fondness on the red color, I think it very unjustified associated most usually on such things as the boudoirs and red lanterns. Why not think about it on a more sensuelt level, without any (imagined) sins referred.) Interesting notion on this respect, maybe, is that it's the day-time butterflies, ao, that visit the deltoides, in the bright sunlight, very openly. At least from what I've been able to observe...

; To the contrast, or from some difference for a most interesting additional mention, we yet find to say the D.Superbus being (apparently) pollinated and mostly visited by moths. I've actually seen several at it by the evening/nightime. Usually the smaller species, though. The scent also is more recognizable by the night. Not necessary means there ain't visitors during the day-time – But also seems it mentioned that the plant's main pollinators are, esp, the moths. 

; As I happen to live on a hillside, the conditions are sometimes in during the drier periods w. little rain (like now is ) bit unfavorable to these plant. Probably so, as I've noted it not on this year growin's so plentyful and rich luxurious-flowering than on some years formerly. (...Fx, some year w. relative rainy season from June there were lot more of the growths, and it even grew far larger stems. But maybe that also is from the season being relative early of June, at the moment.) 

; Generally it actually a very tolerant, not anyhow demanding species. In the Nature grows at the 'sandy riversides', or 'banks' from natural rivers at the North - ie from the preferred conditions favors a temporarily wet, perhaps occasionally flooded soil for to strive well. Naturally I acquired seeds for my plants from the shop. Sowing wasn't too difficult and it grows quite as well on regular dirt (little added sand on ground doesn't do bad.) ...It's seeds took quite long to germinate, as I recall that. (Flowers only appear from a second year, as seems to be usual from the natural flowers.)

; You possible understand better what I mean by these affecting surrounding conditions, if I represented little graphical description alongside. [Here the picture, see at beside -> :) ] ...Just for to explain why this hillside ('of mine'...of course, me not being it's sole inhabitant) isn't the most favorable spot from cultivate every one and other flowering species. (...mainly because of the above mentioned circumstances, but due from other aspect as well. Like fx from  the reason the soil over that bedrock is actually quite thin layer, and then is the wind as well...well, occasionally, it can appear relative windy here.) But the adjacent pic explains, possibly, this situation quite more comprihensive and understandably than any my preceded sentences. They seem say, a good picture often can tell more than even thousand words. Well, perhaps I'd add on that:) ...often more than any thousand (meaningless) words.  

; ...That so according my own finding, namely. (Not meant as any sort universalism, of course. ...For what (somewhat) interesting comparison is that there's also term by the name from the Natural Law, it's a close...associate for the preceded word. - But not exactly is w. that meant same than with the universalism(s), btw. ...Interesting from a view-point of the concept of the Natural right. Seems it also mentioned that some philosophical views/systens consider it synonymous for the Natural Law...and others not. Well, more or less irrelevant for the main topic at this post...)

 [...'Guess now that I even mentioned here growin some of those Catchflies, they could even start for suspect there might exist copper-ores and even want my hill leveled down too...:) I mean, serious thinkin', it ain't very hilarious views all in all. Nearby most cities/urbanized 'towns' there are places that have traces of some sort 'prospecting activities'. Even if it ain't that often from the mining-purposes, various other materials; sand, stones, lime and whatever. Take a brief biking-journey bit aside from your usual living headquarters, to the 'countryside' or for 'semi-urban district', and you'll soon run to some. All of it actually spoils the views and sights, in the worst cases pollutes land/water. ...I only mention, as I've rarely here referred on these aspects. It's sad, most frankly put. ...Every time I see those piles from crushed stone and dug-out sandpits, I think from heaps of squolor at the gates of the Tolkien's Mordor...] 

; Common Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium) ; ...Well, this year I also decided plant some Artemisia – of the reason whatsover, I think it was because I had seeked if I'd find the plant growing in the Natures, but never succeeded at that. (It isn't any native plant here, while seems noted from had relative long cultivation history priorly. At least from since the middle-age grown at the monasteries gardens, fx...and so it noted also from easily naturalizing, and does still grow on some suitable warm places/regions. ...Even if you not hobby the plants you might be familiar for it's more common relative that grows on almost any places at dry and also(?) on relative thin soils, the Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris). Commonly often causes allergy/hay fever for many people.)

A.Absinthium, at clay pot.

; From Artemisia absinthium (Wormwood) – like the name says – is perhaps best renown that the plant once was (occasionally still, some places) known as the main ingedient on Absinthe. (Which was, like you maybe aware, the popular drink on the 1800s citycultures, on cafeteries and probably also the varietees and nightclubs..say. With the little enthusiastic contemplations we can then imagine fx famous Parisian painters, fx Toulouse-Lautrec, Renoir, Seurat pouring amounts from absinthe for their throats, to inspire their creativity. (And with that effectively destroying amounts of an important brain-cell connections of their heads. The habit from its use was more commonplace, favored also by the more regular bourgeoise, though, probably.) 

; Namely, the drink was very bad reputed, it's continuos uses said from had caused many peoples destruction, that due because of the poisonic ingredient plant/absinthe contains, Thujon. (Actually, I recall we referred to this same substance along when presenting the Hyssop here.) ...Or, more in particular, at BNG it expressed on the following sentence, since from of A.absinthe noted fx; ”...the essential oil is no longer in use as it is considered toxic and potentially carcinogenic.” (Seems it though also said that presently, when the drink is distilled, the amount of the subtance from plant is greatly reduced from those times, making it less dangerous/eliminating said harmful side-effects. ...Wouldn't still recommend too habitual use, though...)

Of course, I didn't sow it by purpose of distillin any liquids to help me sunk for complete numbness and neurastenial blank (You may noticed I'm quite very strict on the aspects from alcohols and spirits...) And, (due from these considerations) I've actually even maintained a practice of growin' it preferably on garden, mainly. However seems it also said from being quite popularly used as the indoor decorative nowadays merely, not (probably) from it's any pleasant scent. But instead from due that the scent also is noted from serving as quite effectively repellent to insects. Works at that use in the garden too, btw. However, interesting perhaps, but actually I've not – or at least not so far - noted the Artemisia of any noticeable scent or odor.

; But the main reason of it's cultivatin for me simply is from it's leaves indeed are most loveliest lookin'. Them also seem gain a certain slight silvery colour along more warmer periods from summer. Finally to mention, seems it also advised that added fertilizers shouldn't be used until from the midst of summer, cause otherways the leafs seem loose their enchantin' green-silverish colour. ...And, by the way, seems it also said that in case allergic for Mugwort, it also wiser not let the cultivated A.absinthium from flowerin', 'cause it can cause some resembling allergic reaction. (Leaves of it or other parts of the plant, obviously also ain't palatable, ao from being 'potentially' carginogenic, like said.)

; Devil's bit Scabious (Succisa pratensis) ; ...I actually don't have this (native) flower growin' on my garden...and probably never will. (Though I've sometimes considered acquiring it. But as I've noted, it seems represent a rather moisture-demanding species from habitat preferred. It preferably grows on somewhat more 'naturalized' ground than any other from the above presented native species...So I suppose my intentions from cultivatin it may have to be left aside.) There's fx not enough of the moistures on my hillside, and not either, possibly, is it steady enough from the warmth contained. ; ...But it's at least nice to recognize some bumble-bee's at places where the plant grows at the Natures. Along the one in the pic, I've actually seen several species visitin Devil's bit Scabious. (The common name of it is actually a funny story itself. Seems said that the plant once was believed from most various benefits in the old herbaceous uses. (Not necessary from any too real, confirmed healing effect, even.) And so, it seems once been reasoned/the folk tradition maintained – not for too serious beliefs, probably – that the devil wasn't too pleased on the plant and persistently kept biting its root off. That 'knowledge' then seems been originally acquired of the look of that root...) ; ...And by the way, belongs to the same genera as that other species former presented here, on some post, (Knautia arvensis), The Field Scabious. ...Seems to me, though, the S.pratensis bein rarer one from these, in overall – Although it's range also is said to reach for more nothern limit here. But, like one could guess from their family of plants (Honeysuckle-family, Caprifoliaceae), both appear represent quite warm-dependent plants. So enjoy the sight of it (like I do). There's that most loveliest lookin', amazing, spectacular bumble-specimen on it too...

; Roses (/Rosaceae) ; Then here just for in passing is mentioned the Roses. It not necessary to represent any pic of 'em on this (I have a few garden varieties, like many people...). That due from I actually considered roses to appear mainly at our (forthcoming) selection of the natural herbaceal plants. So, let's just simply state that the roses have been far from past cultivated by humans, and soforth there's indeed massive variety breeds, some from very old history too. (Some people even in the very hobbyist manner collect and especialize on rose breeds...etc.) ; However, perhaps the interesting p-o-w also is from that flower of it, acc. to many cultural histories, seems noted always recognized as the symbol from female sexuality. ...For example, or perhaps most renown, there are all those medieval fables and tales of the Arthur and his boys in search for that 'Rose Bowl'. (Well, exactly it seems gone by name of the Grael, ...or was that Graal...?) , but any interpretations of that mythology, of course, emphasize role of the rose as an essential symbol for female sexuality at (that) narrative. And, notably it said that during medieval era, all the literature was mainly and principally loaded with various symbols. ...Among the symbolistics, the rose was naturally perhaps one most dominant or most 'valued'. (But it too long a story from described more particularly here.)

 ...Sort from brings to my mind that 'Race for the Gold Cup', a bit resembling sensational and irrational serie from events, closer for this recent era of ours. With that slight exception, that by that era of Arthur's (and his chivalry bunch's) legend, the people probably were more enthusiasted of that symbolical languages from even try establish any actual difference between the roses and femine body parts. ...Means only that symbolism and superstitious beliefs indeed were such powerful aspects on the cultures of medieval period, that 'they' (very fictional characters, of course...) probably never considered worth/separated btw sex and the committed religiousness. (...Or so it seems sometimes interpreted, if I little interpret this on my very free-form-manner. 'Cause, that Roman de la Rose seems usually often recognized from been most characteristic piece for medieval morals. ; Often also is therefore 'blamed' from, that it manifested the very profane essential contents, and soforth served both in good and bad, from sexual morals considered. - Against the very puritanic and 'ecclesiastic' christian morals of the time, but as well enstrenghtened the narrow social moralisms by the period.) Yes...those most honorable, most invincible Galahads and disloyal Lancelots, all in the loyal competition from to achieve eternal life, and simultaneously feelin' very uncomfortable and very determined under their full-body armors. Servants and peasants beside crawling at their feet, feedin' their hounds with their little left-overs after the gentlemen had eaten the most from harvest. Dirt and the mud. Diseases too. Not very sexy setting to a story, unless you put for it a little mysticism, a little symbolism. And Guinevere too, of course.) But guess we've actually discussed from this symbolism formerly too, perhaps on a bit more studious manner, maybe...

; ...Another good reason to featuring the Roses here is simply to mention that less 'novelty' varieties also often grow as bushes on public places. (Parksides, roadsides, garden-yards, etc.) As them are scented plants the insects, incl. of course bumble-bees, visit them very eagerly. From little observin' that one could conclude that in those large growths (or some resembling parkside bushes, such as some from that honey-suckle family) is probably quite enough of a nectar to fulfill any demand from the insects. And indeed, lookin' at my homeyards I often notice fx that while there seems be on my few garden plants maybe just a singular bee droppin by, in the nearby decorative-bushes there seems plentysome harvestin the blooms. Yet, the truth ain't quite that simple; If one looks bit more closely those various bees, one often notices them mostly consisting of a couple from commonest bees. So, if you grow in the garden some natural (/native) plants, it often appears more important than is the limited amount of nectar available for hymenoptera (/the bees) on them. Many rarer species specialize on certain particular plants, so growing some places disappeared or diminished variety can be helpful choice aiding their recovery. (All the other considerations considered of course...for example any actual larger flowering field possibly maintains a wider variety of plant and insect life than any home-garden can. Or, then you have to have very significant amount of the acres devoted to your cultivated garden...but most of us don't.) Besides, also other insect – fx Coleoptera and the Heteropteran ('True bugs', or the 'Common bugs') -species – also eagerly visit flowers...and likewise any single species may favor some particular plant(s).

; The pansies (In a beer-can) ; ...Well these few flowers aren't actually presented from any particular reason. ...Not even of any (imaginable, but imaginative) reason to recommend a beer-can as the good growin-place for a perennial plant. (Even that we now have some tradition of the beer can-pics presented, one might a bit hilariously say. They're actually put on water at that, not grown in it, not on any soil.) So these garden-examples just for some addition. I actually even not ever noted any insect visitin' these breed-varieties of pansies (no doubt quite some do...but not quite so many, I suppose) And, to mention, I even don't like Pansies to be honest. But, then in the same has to be said that on native species (from pansies)– there's several plenty, indeed many, daytime butterflies whose caterpillars most usually grow on Pansies. (I think smght like 8 to 15 species might use the various Pansies-species on that 'task'.) ...So I guess I'm obliged from to admit there's a place for everything in the Natures – not excluding the Pansies. (And btw, most of these garden varieties are/were by origin cross-bred of the Viola tricolor and of some other species – maybe, it was Viola arvensis...? If you'd ask me, the V.tricolor has more lovelier a bloom in comparison to any of those saleable varieties – But guess I've said so formerly already. And I also think we then presented some pics of it...on some post priorly? A commonest of species, and familiar to most, it most easily recognizable, anyhow...)

; Finally, 'suppose we have to mention in the end some actual reason to these (particular) selections. Well, to say it briefly, it's mainly from that all these species appear nowadays to grow only at their 'secondary habitats'. – At least from the main native flowers above discussed/referred ...But, Artemisia excluding, as it's actually only grows as naturalized plant here and the roses and Pansies were referred only as group, not by any singular specimens, (...Amongst whom there could've been several comparable examples.) ; For example, from that Devil's bit Scabious seems it on my local source of the environmental information about plants (some of the details here viewed via that, btw) said that the plants most preferred native growin' habitat, 'the heavy clay spruce copses' were converted to the uses as fields for a long-time since. It now survives, not too rare, but for lot a more sparsely, fx on the reforested edges from fields, damp meadows, fens, ...ao. Actually, my lately maintained ecological 'observations' have often lead me to similar 'discovery'. (It of course concerns a widest variety of animals and other species too. In case from the plants you also notice, very often, the phenomenom being traceable to agricultural changes. The more traditional environment/natural conditions preserved, the more rich a variety of these old 'luxurious blooming' species there usually is to be seen. In fact, concerns a major amount from the once widespread, impressive flowerin' species.) ; As the minor positive p-o-w (on that), it a good reason from to favor and cultivate these old native flowers at ones own gardens... (; G.U.J.) ...From love? Call it a love for variety, for a diversity.

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[X] ; ...Of the movie-screen at begins of text /some notifications on it ; Seems it so, the film it picked from ('The Damned', a 1969-film directed by Lucchino Visconti) was by it's times recognized to some from very earliest (Or at least represented some quite early example, who am I to say, not being any keen viewer of the flicks, neither any enthusiast for the film history, anyway...) among the films that analysed close connexion between the capitalism and the emergence/rise of the nazism. At that time, by the 1930s, of course. - That a more close 'relation' than any regular histories at least still a few years back chose from admit. That aspect on the film at quite central place from the plot, as the story describes fall of a wealthy bourgeoise family under the influence of party, step by step. (...That in actuality means, on film, mainly the metal industrial factories production/their capital directed for the purposes of a weapons manufacture - As the principal motive appears the profitable forthcoming sales, at that time via future armaments/material manufacrtured for the army, and - of course - markets seen from emerge via the envisioned foreign wars (At the time, late 1930s, also must've meant fx Mussolini's war on Ethiopia.) ; ...As I don't too much view or appreciate the 1970s films in general these views just for some accompanying remark. ...I think it yet lot better from the aspects/cultural and historical view-points than most of comparables of that time. (Them being generally quite meaningless, often pointless violent-loaded but socio-historically rather poor flicks. Often full of action, often/sometimes morally challengin' - I mean those 1970s films generally, view fx from any classics of some films-catalogue - check of the usual 'masterpieces'; More or less it's the same case about every single 'merited' example those, and most aren't that good.) Commonplace film-books seem also often fail to list this film, I noticed. It neither not is perhaps an actual masterpiece...but (I think) makes it well over some average level. Themes and issues addressed makes it more worth than many better known some. ; Film seems also featured several from (then) risin stars, who were then on following years probably some 'regulars' on bit more usual popular stories. (In the film acted fx Dirk Bogarde, Charlotte Rampling, Thulin...) So not too bad a choice to some Saturday evening watch.

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